自動化測試===requests+unittest+postman的接口測試

• postman是一個跨平台的接口測試工具，下載鏈接在這里：https://www.getpostman.com/

 

• unittest是一個單元測試框架，python中安裝：pip install unittest

 

• requests是一個發送http請求的庫，安裝：pip install requests

　　官方文檔：http://docs.python-requests.org/en/master/user/quickstart/，

　　中文文檔：http://docs.python-requests.org/zh_CN/latest/user/quickstart.html

 

以測試http://www.kuaidi100.com/query 為例：

有一個匯通快遞的單號：350757819118

請求的url為http://www.kuaidi100.com/query?type=huitongkuaidi&postid=350757819118

用postman調試接口：

點擊右上角的code，如下圖：

以python--requests的格式復制：

復制得到的代碼如下：

import requests

url = "http://www.kuaidi100.com/query"

querystring = {"type":"huitongkuaidi","postid":"350757819118"}

headers = {
    'cache-control': "no-cache",
    'postman-token': "9794775a-f3eb-0322-1365-01b775fa9925"
    }

response = requests.request("GET", url, headers=headers, params=querystring)

print(response.text)

新建py文件，命名為kuaidi.py，對復制的代碼稍作調整：

import requests
import unittest

class KuaiDi(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_huitong_api(self):
        url = "http://www.kuaidi100.com/query"
        querystring = {"type":"huitongkuaidi","postid":"350757819118"}
        headers = {
        'cache-control': "no-cache",
        'postman-token': "9794775a-f3eb-0322-1365-01b775fa9925"
        }
        response = requests.request("GET", url, headers=headers, params=querystring).json()
        #print(response)
        self.assertEqual(response['status'],'200')    #斷言
        self.assertEqual(response['message'],'ok')    #斷言


if  __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

 

運行結果：

 

舉例測試：

import requests
import json
import unittest
import time
from HTMLTestRunner import HTMLTestRunner  


class MyTest(unittest.TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        print("[+]start")
    
    def tearDown(self):
        print("[+]end")
    
    def zhongtong(self,type = "zhongtong", id = "719857434111"):
        self.url = "http://www.kuaidi100.com/query"
        self.params = {
        "type":type,
        "postid":id
        }
        self.headers={'user-agent': 'my-app/0.0.1'}
        r = requests.get(url = self.url, params = self.params , headers = self.headers)
        print(r.status_code)
        return r

        

class ExpressInquiry(MyTest):
    def test001_type_valid(self):
        print("00001")
        zhongtong = self.zhongtong(type = "shentong")
        self.assertIn("快遞公司參數異常",zhongtong.text)
    
    def test002_type_invalid(self):
        print("00002")
        zhongtong = self.zhongtong(type = "sssssssssssss")
        self.assertIn("參數錯誤",zhongtong.text)

    def test003_id_valid(self):
        print("00003")
        id = self.zhongtong(id = "719857434155")
        self.assertIn("交通工程學院菜鳥驛站",id.text)

    def test004_id_invalid(self):
        print("00004")
        id = self.zhongtong(id = "123")
        self.assertIn("參數錯誤",id.text)
    
    def test005_type_id_invalid(self):
        print("00005")
        type_and_id = self.zhongtong(type = "dads",id = "7777")
        #print(type_and_id.url)
        #print(type_and_id.text)
        self.assertIn("參數錯誤",type_and_id.text)

    def test006_type_id_null(self):
        print("00006")
        null = self.zhongtong(type = "", id = "")
        #print(null.url)
        #print(null.text)
        self.assertIn("參數錯誤",null.text)

def suite():
    now = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H_%M_%S")
    filename = './' + now + 'test_result.html'
    fp = open(filename,'wb')
    runner = HTMLTestRunner(stream = fp,   
                                   title = "快遞查詢接口測試報告",  
                                   description = "測試用例執行情況：")


    suite = unittest.TestSuite()
    suite.addTest(ExpressInquiry("test001_type_valid"))
    suite.addTest(ExpressInquiry("test002_type_invalid"))
    suite.addTest(ExpressInquiry("test003_id_valid"))
    suite.addTest(ExpressInquiry("test004_id_invalid"))
    suite.addTest(ExpressInquiry("test005_type_id_invalid"))
    suite.addTest(ExpressInquiry("test006_type_id_null"))
    #unittest.TextTestRunner().run(suite)
    
    runner.run(suite)
    fp.close()
    


if __name__ == '__main__':
    #unittest.main(exit = False , verbosity = 2)
    #它是全局方法，把它屏蔽后，不在suite的用例就不會跑，exit = False表示中間有用例失敗也繼續執行；還有比較常用的verbosity=2，表示顯示def名字
    
    suite()

 

 

 總結：

postman可以幫助完成一半的工作

unittest+requests可以實現斷言，方便持續集成

 

 

順便提一下

 

---

 

 

 

如果你也喜歡Python 這里有一群Python愛好者匯集在此。

 

關注微信公眾號：【軟件測試技術】，回復 888，獲取QQ群號。