Python遠程linux執行命令

1、遠程登錄到linux上，使用到的模塊paramiko

#遠程登陸操作系統
def ssh(sys_ip,username,password,cmds):
    try
        #創建ssh客戶端
        client = paramiko.SSHClient()
        #第一次ssh遠程時會提示輸入yes或者no
        client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
        #密碼方式遠程連接
        client.connect(sys_ip, 22, username=username, password=password, timeout=20)
        #互信方式遠程連接
        #key_file = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file("/root/.ssh/id_rsa")
        #ssh.connect(sys_ip, 22, username=username, pkey=key_file, timeout=20)
        #執行命令
        stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(cmds[key])
        #獲取命令執行結果,返回的數據是一個list
        result = stdout.readlines()
        return result
    except Exception, e:
        print e
    finally:
        client.close()

if __name__=="__main__":
    sys_ip = "192.168.0.102"
    username = "root"
    password = "1"
    cmds = "pwd"
    print ssh(sys_ip,username,password,cmds)

此處有個主意點，我遇到了，在密碼登陸的時候，同樣的python連接代碼，放在python腳本里面執行就是報下面的錯，但是將代碼拷貝到python的交互模式下執行就是成功的，這個時候就是需要看下要遠程的用戶ssh配置是不是只支持鍵盤交互、密鑰驗證，如果是這樣的話，使用密碼遠程登錄就會報下面的錯誤

File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/paramiko/client.py", line 337, in connect
    self._auth(username, password, pkey, key_filenames, allow_agent, look_for_keys)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/paramiko/client.py", line 528, in _auth
    raise saved_exception
AuthenticationException: Authentication failed.

  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/paramiko/client.py", line 337, in connect
    self._auth(username, password, pkey, key_filenames, allow_agent, look_for_keys)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/paramiko/client.py", line 528, in _auth
    raise saved_exception
paramiko.SSHException: No existing session

這個是因為linux會檢測遠程連接有沒有tty（鍵盤交互），腳本方式運行的時候就沒有鍵盤交互，看網上有在connect加,allow_agent=False,look_for_keys=False這2個參數解決的，但是我的沒有解決，ssh.connect('localhost',username=name,password=pw,allow_agent=False,look_for_keys=False)

2、使用ssh，需要使用到shell命令expect

首先創建一個shell腳本remotExect.sh

#!/usr/bin/expect
set timeout 2
set local_file  [lindex $argv 0]
set username    [lindex $argv 1] 
set password    [lindex $argv 2] 
set hostname    [lindex $argv 3]
set remote_file [lindex $argv 4]

spawn scp $local_file $username@$hostname:$remote_file
expect {
"yes/no"#是為了捕獲首次登錄，要手動輸入yes/no的情況
{send "yes\r";}
"password:"#為例捕獲需要輸入密碼的行為
{send "$password\r";}
}
expect eof

然后在python中執行

import os
cpFileCmd = "./remotecp.sh 1.txt root 1 192.168.0.102 /opt/1.txt"
os.system(cpFileCmd)