VM_Centos7.3_X64_安裝Oracle12C 總結筆記

聲明：本文居多內容參考原文來之網絡；

 

一：安裝Centos7.3 虛擬機

1：操作系統下載

CentOS 7官方下載地址：https://www.centos.org/download/

說明：本案例使用的CentOS-7-x86_64-Everything-1611.iso版本安包

 

 

     以下針對各個版本的ISO鏡像文件，進行一一說明：

         CentOS-7.0-x86_64-DVD-1503-01.iso              標准安裝版，一般下載這個就可以了（推薦）

         CentOS-7.0-x86_64-NetInstall-1503-01.iso       網絡安裝鏡像（從網絡安裝或者救援系統）

         CentOS-7.0-x86_64-Everything-1503-01.iso     對完整版安裝盤的軟件進行補充，集成所有軟件。（包含centos7的一套完整的軟件包，可以用來安裝系統或者填充本地鏡像）

         CentOS-7.0-x86_64-GnomeLive-1503-01.iso   GNOME桌面版

         CentOS-7.0-x86_64-KdeLive-1503-01.iso         KDE桌面版

         CentOS-7.0-x86_64-livecd-1503-01.iso            光盤上運行的系統，類擬於winpe

         CentOS-7.0-x86_64-minimal-1503-01.iso         精簡版，自帶的軟件最少

 

 

2:VM虛擬機 下載及安裝

  1：VM 安裝包下載：http://sw.bos.baidu.com/sw-search-sp/software/ca7ad8c6d3103/VMware-workstation-full-14.0.0.24051.exe

    注：其注冊碼自己百度

   2：VM 程序安裝教程：請查看《vmware workstation 12 pro 虛擬機安裝系統教程》

 

3：VM 虛擬機安裝 Centos7.3 系統

1： 請查看《CentOS 7.3 安裝》

2：在系統重啟后出現了 lic 等錯誤配置信息。請自己百度

4：配置靜態ip地址：

  1：請參考此文：《centos 7.3 設置靜態IP》

5：搭建yum　環境：

　１：請參考此文：《　　CentOS7.2 創建本地YUM源和局域網YUM源　　》

　　

 

 

 

二　：Ｏracle12C數據庫安裝

1：安裝包下載

1：安裝步驟參考了此文：《 Linux 平台安裝Oracle Database 12c 》

2：Oracle12C 官網下載地址

官方的下載地址：

1：http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/index.html

2：https://edelivery.oracle.com/EPD/Download/get_form?egroup_aru_number=16496132

URL地址2需要先注冊，然后才能登陸下載，注冊登陸界面https://edelivery.oracle.com

關於這兩者有啥區別： 聽一個同事說，用metalink 賬號下載的安裝文件完整一些。具體情況是不是如此，還不得而知。

地址1下載的文件為：

linuxamd64_12c_database_1of2.zip

linuxamd64_12c_database_2of2.zip

地址2下載的文件為：

V38500-01_1of2.zip

V38500-01_2of2.zip

2）檢查硬件要求(Check Hardware Requirements)

  

1 Check CPU

[root@localhost ~]#  grep "model name" /proc/cpuinfo
model name      : Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-6700HQ CPU @ 2.60GHz
model name      : Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-6700HQ CPU @ 2.60GHz
model name      : Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-6700HQ CPU @ 2.60GHz
model name      : Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-6700HQ CPU @ 2.60GHz
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]#  cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "processor" | wc -l
4
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "physical id" | sort | uniq | wc -l
2
[root@localhost ~]# 

2 Check Memory

root@localhost ~]#  grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo
MemTotal:        3587024 kB
[root@localhost ~]# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo
SwapTotal:       3801084 kB
[root@localhost ~]#  free -g
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:              3           0           0           0           2           2
Swap:             3           0           3
[root@localhost ~]# 

Oracle 12c 對系統內存的最低要求為1G，推薦2G或更大的內存，從上面結果可以知道系統內存23G，完全滿足要求。

Oracle對交換分區（Swap Space）的推薦設置如下，這里Swap Space為35G，不是16G,需要做一下調整。

3 Check Disk Capacity

[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem           Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/cl-root   50G  6.9G   44G  14% /
devtmpfs             1.7G     0  1.7G   0% /dev
tmpfs                1.8G  140K  1.8G   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                1.8G  9.0M  1.8G   1% /run
tmpfs                1.8G     0  1.8G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1           1014M  173M  842M  18% /boot
/dev/mapper/cl-home  969G   33M  969G   1% /home
tmpfs                351M   40K  351M   1% /run/user/0
/dev/sr0             7.8G  7.8G     0 100% /run/media/root/CentOS 7 x86_64

3: 檢查軟件要求(Checking the Software Requirements)

 

用於Oracle Linux 7和Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7的軟件包

必須安裝以下軟件包（或更高版本）：

binutils-2.23.52.0.1-12.el7.x86_64
compat-libcap1-1.10-3.el7.x86_64
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-71.el7.i686
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-71.el7.x86_64
gcc-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64
gcc-c++-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64
glibc-2.17-36.el7.i686
glibc-2.17-36.el7.x86_64
glibc-devel-2.17-36.el7.i686
glibc-devel-2.17-36.el7.x86_64
ksh
libaio-0.3.109-9.el7.i686
libaio-0.3.109-9.el7.x86_64
libaio-devel-0.3.109-9.el7.i686
libaio-devel-0.3.109-9.el7.x86_64
libgcc-4.8.2-3.el7.i686
libgcc-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64
libstdc++-4.8.2-3.el7.i686
libstdc++-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64
libstdc++-devel-4.8.2-3.el7.i686
libstdc++-devel-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64
libXi-1.7.2-1.el7.i686
libXi-1.7.2-1.el7.x86_64
libXtst-1.2.2-1.el7.i686
libXtst-1.2.2-1.el7.x86_64
make-3.82-19.el7.x86_64
sysstat-10.1.5-1.el7.x86_64

執行腳本

yum install      binutil* -y
yum install      compat* -y
yum install      gcc* -y
yum install      glibc* -y
yum install      ksh* -y
yum install      libaio* -y
yum install      libgcc* -y
yum install      libstd* -y
yum install      libXi* -y
yum install      libXtst* -y
yum install      make* -y
yum install      sysstat* -y

binutils-2.25.1-22.base.el7.x86_64
package compat-libstdc++ is not installed
gcc-4.8.5-11.el7.x86_64
gcc-c++-4.8.5-11.el7.x86_64
glibc-2.17-157.el7.x86_64
glibc-devel-2.17-157.el7.x86_64
package ksh is not installed
libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64
package libaio-devel is not installed
libgcc-4.8.5-11.el7.x86_64
libstdc++-4.8.5-11.el7.x86_64
libstdc++-devel-4.8.5-11.el7.x86_64
libXext-1.3.3-3.el7.x86_64
libXtst-1.2.2-2.1.el7.x86_64
libX11-1.6.3-3.el7.x86_64
libXau-1.0.8-2.1.el7.x86_64
libXi-1.7.4-2.el7.x86_64
make-3.82-23.el7.x86_64
sysstat-10.1.5-11.el7.x86_64

 

4 :系統配置准備

1 創建Oracle用戶和用戶組(注：我這里沒有設置oracle用戶的密碼：如果有需要 請直接用root用戶進行 passwd oracle 的命令為oracle用戶設置一個密碼)

[root@localhost ~]# groupadd dba
[root@localhost ~]#  groupadd oinstall
[root@localhost ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
[root@localhost ~]# id oracle
uid=1001(oracle) gid=1002(oinstall) groups=1002(oinstall),1001(dba)
[root@localhost ~]# 

2 創建安裝目錄

root@localhost ~]#  mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
[root@localhost ~]#  chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle
[root@localhost ~]#  chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oracle

3 CentOS7關閉防火牆和selinux

 

[root@localhost ~]# /usr/sbin/sestatus
SELinux status:                 enabled
SELinuxfs mount:                /sys/fs/selinux
SELinux root directory:         /etc/selinux
Loaded policy name:             targeted
Current mode:                   enforcing
Mode from config file:          disabled
Policy MLS status:              enabled
Policy deny_unknown status:     allowed
Max kernel policy version:      28
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/sbin/sestatus
SELinux status:                 enabled
SELinuxfs mount:                /sys/fs/selinux
SELinux root directory:         /etc/selinux
Loaded policy name:             targeted
Current mode:                   permissive
Mode from config file:          disabled
Policy MLS status:              enabled
Policy deny_unknown status:     allowed
Max kernel policy version:      28

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/basic.target.wants/firewalld.service.
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status firewalld
鈼?firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: inactive (dead)
     Docs: man:firewalld(1)

Dec 13 20:01:29 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic fire....
Dec 13 20:01:32 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firew....
Dec 13 22:07:20 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Stopping firewalld - dynamic fire....
Dec 13 22:07:21 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Stopped firewalld - dynamic firew....
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/selinux/config

# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
#     enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
#     permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
#     disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
#SELINUX=enforcing
SELINUX=disabled
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three two values:
#     targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
#     minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected. 
#     mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted


[root@localhost ~]# reboot

----檢查結果：

[root@localhost ~]#  /usr/sbin/sestatus
SELinux status:                 disabled
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/sbin/getenforce
Disabled
[root@localhost ~]# 

4 修改系統內核參數

 

在修改系統內核參數前，你可以用命令先查看一下當前各類系統參數的值，亦或直接查看配置文件/etc/sysctl.conf

[root@localhost ~]#  getconf PAGESIZE
4096
[root@localhost ~]# sysctl -a | grep sem
kernel.sem = 250        32000   32      128
kernel.sem_next_id = -1
[root@localhost ~]# sysctl -a | grep shm
kernel.shm_next_id = -1
kernel.shm_rmid_forced = 0
kernel.shmall = 18446744073692774399
kernel.shmmax = 18446744073692774399
kernel.shmmni = 4096
vm.hugetlb_shm_group = 0
[root@localhost ~]#  sysctl -a | grep file-max
fs.file-max = 378794
[root@localhost ~]#  sysctl -a | grep ip_local_port_range
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 32768    60999
[root@localhost ~]# 

關於內核參數的一些設置建議，可以參考下面資料：.

kernel.shmmax

關於內核參數kernel.shmmax，oracle 建議，kernel.shmmax的值不能少於物理內存的一半，而且要大於Oracle中sga-max-size的值，否則會造成oracle性能下降

一般32bit操作系統，直接設置為系統支持的最大內存即可，64bit操作系統設置大於sga-max-size的值即可

如：當前內存為2G 則kernel.shmmax = 2*1024*1024=2097152

當前內存為8G則 kernel.shmmax = 7*1024*1024=7340032

Kernel.shmall

Shmall指系統一次可以使用的共享內存段的最大數量，以頁為單位。Oracle默認設置為 kernel.shmall = 2097152

即最大8G（2097152*4/1024/1024），（在調整SGA時需要注意，SGA大小設置不可超過該值），根據系統內存大小和使用的不同可以參考如下：設置的一般規律

kernel.shmall = 8G/4k=8388608k/4k=2097152    ---內存8G

kernel.shmall = 16G/4k=16777216k/4k=4194304    ---內存16G

kernel.shmall = 32G/4k=33554432k/4k=8388608    ---內存32G

（RedHat linux系統中頁大小為4096即4K，實際環境以getconf PAGE_SIZE結果為准）

kernel.shmmni

shmmni 指系統共享內存段的最大數量

oracle設置默認值為4096，一般是足夠用了，不需要調整

文件句柄數的相關內核參數設置

fs.file-max

fs.file-max指系統能夠打開最大的文件句柄數

oracle建議設置為65536，一般不用修改

信號的相關內核參數設置

kernel.sem

kernel.sem是指 semmsl，semmns，semopm，semmni這4個參數

semmsl 指每個線號集的最大信號數，Oracle建議是設置為oracle的最大進程數+10

semmni 指整個系統的信號集的最大數量

semmns 指整個系統的信號總數，也就是semmni*semmsl的結果

semopm 指每個semop系統調用可以執行的信號操作的最大數量

oracle默認設置

semmsl=250

semmns=3200

semopm=100

semmni=128

即kernel.sem= 250 3200 100 128

例：在oracle  ora.init文件參數中設置PROCESSES參數為5000

則semmsl=5010,semmni=128，semmns=semmsl* semmni=641280

另外semopm建議設置等於semmsl值即5010

那么kernel.sem=5010 641280 5010 128

網絡相關的內核參數設置

net.core.rmem_default

net.core.rmem_default 指網絡套接字的默認接收緩沖區的大小，oracle建議設置為265K即262144

net.core.rmem_max

net.core.rmem_max 指網絡套接字的最大接收緩沖區的大小，oracle10g及以前版本建議設置為256k即262144

oracle11g建議設置為4M 即4194304

net.core.wmem_default

net.core.wmem_default指網絡套接字的默認發送緩沖區的大小，oracle建議設置為265K即262144

net.core.wmem_max

net.core.wmem_max  指網絡套接字的最大發送緩沖區的大小，oracle10g及以前版本建議設置為256k即262144

oracle11g建議設置為1M即1048576

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range ，指本地的允許打開隨機端口范圍

oracle10g前建議端口范圍為1024 65000，oracle11g建議端口范圍為：
65500 並忽略oracle安裝程序任何關於這個參數的警告

Asynchronous I/O相關的內核參數設置

fs.aio-max-nr

fs.aio-max-nr 指系統允許的最大的異步IO請求大小

oracle默認設置為1M即1048576，一般不用更改

修改前最后先備份一下/etc/sysctl.conf，以防萬一。

[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/sysc
sysconfig/ sysctl.d/
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/
[root@localhost etc]# cat sysctl.conf 
# sysctl settings are defined through files in
# /usr/lib/sysctl.d/, /run/sysctl.d/, and /etc/sysctl.d/.
#
# Vendors settings live in /usr/lib/sysctl.d/.
# To override a whole file, create a new file with the same in
# /etc/sysctl.d/ and put new settings there. To override
# only specific settings, add a file with a lexically later
# name in /etc/sysctl.d/ and put new settings there.
#
# For more information, see sysctl.conf(5) and sysctl.d(5).
[root@localhost etc]# cp sysctl.conf  sysctl.conf.bak
[root@localhost etc]# 
#-----在 sysctl.conf 文檔下方增加上以下內容

kernel.shmmax = 18446744073692774399
kernel.shmall = 18446744073692774399
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem =250 32000 100 128
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 262144
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range =32768    60999
fs.file-max=378794
fs.aio-max-nr=1048576

 

 

[root@localhost etc]# vi sysctl.conf


# sysctl settings are defined through files in
# /usr/lib/sysctl.d/, /run/sysctl.d/, and /etc/sysctl.d/.
#
# Vendors settings live in /usr/lib/sysctl.d/.
# To override a whole file, create a new file with the same in
# /etc/sysctl.d/ and put new settings there. To override
# only specific settings, add a file with a lexically later
# name in /etc/sysctl.d/ and put new settings there.
#
# For more information, see sysctl.conf(5) and sysctl.d(5).
kernel.shmmax = 18446744073692774399
kernel.shmall = 18446744073692774399
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem =250 32000 100 128
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 262144
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range =32768    60999
fs.file-max=378794
fs.aio-max-nr=1048576
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
"sysctl.conf" 26L, 782C written
[root@localhost etc]# 

 

kernel.shmall =physical RAM size / pagesize (getconf PAGESIZE) -- If the defaults are greater then leave it.

kernel.shmall = 內存大小/4k=23G*1024*1024/4k = 6029312

kernel.shmmax = 20*1024*1024=20971520 而默認的為68719476736，那么使用默認值

修改完成后保存，然后運行sysctl -p 命令使之生效

[root@localhost etc]# sysctl -p
kernel.shmmax = 18446744073692774399
kernel.shmall = 18446744073692774399
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 262144
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 32768    60999
fs.file-max = 378794
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
[root@localhost etc]# 

5 設置用戶限制

在/etc/security/limits.conf中添加如下配置。

oracle soft nproc 2047

oracle hard nproc 16384

oracle soft nofile 1024

oracle hard nofile 65536

oracle soft stack 10240

oracle hard stack 10240

Add the following line to the "/etc/pam.d/login" file,

if it does not already exist.

session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so

session required pam_limits.so

Add the following to

/etc/profile if Oracle user will use the bash shell.

if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then

ulimit -u 16384

ulimit -n 65536

fi

 

 

 

5: 配置環境變量

首先切換到oracle賬戶 ，編輯修改主目錄下 .bash_profile

 

[root@localhost ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@localhost ~]$ ls
[oracle@localhost ~]$ ls -a
.  ..  .bash_logout  .bash_profile  .bashrc  .cache  .config  .mozilla
[oracle@localhost ~]$ vi .bash_profile

# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
        . ~/.bashrc
fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin

export PATH



TMP=/tmp; export TMP
TMPDIR=$TMP; export TMPDIR

ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.1.0/db_1; export ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_SID=epps; export ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM
PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH; export PATH
PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATH

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib; export CLASSPATH

if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
 if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
    ulimit -p 16384
    ulimit -n 65536
 else
    ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
 fi
fi

使配置生效

[oracle@localhost ~]$ source .bash_profile
[oracle@localhost ~]$

 

6：解壓安裝鏡像文件

上傳已經下載好的oracle12c安裝包：

//把用root用戶上傳的安裝包放到 oracle 用戶的home目錄下，並修改文件用戶使用權限

[root@localhost oracle]# ls
linuxamd64_12102_database_1of2.zip  linuxamd64_12102_database_2of2.zip
[root@localhost oracle]# ll
total 2625080
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1673544724 Dec 13 20:31 linuxamd64_12102_database_1of2.zip
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1014530602 Dec 13 20:32 linuxamd64_12102_database_2of2.zip
[root@localhost oracle]# chown oracle:oinstall linuxamd64_12102_database_*
[root@localhost oracle]# ll
total 2625080
-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 1673544724 Dec 13 20:31 linuxamd64_12102_database_1of2.zip
-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 1014530602 Dec 13 20:32 linuxamd64_12102_database_2of2.zip
[root@localhost oracle]# 

切換到 oracle　用戶　並解壓　安裝包

#切換到ORACLE用戶
[root@localhost oracle]# su - oracle
Last login: Wed Dec 13 23:48:45 CST 2017 on pts/2
[oracle@localhost ~]$
#解壓第一個文件壓縮包
[oracle@localhost ~]$ unzip linuxamd64_12102_database_1of2.zip
#在解壓完第一個壓縮包后再來解壓第二個壓縮包
[oracle@localhost ~]$ unzip linuxamd64_12102_database_2of2.zip

文件解壓完后都放在database文件中

創建一個安裝包備份文件夾；把壓縮包存放起來：

[oracle@localhost ~]$ ls
database  linuxamd64_12102_database_1of2.zip  linuxamd64_12102_database_2of2.zip
[oracle@localhost ~]$ mkdir oracle_database_zip

[oracle@localhost ~]$ mv linuxamd64_12102_database_* oracle_database_zip/
[oracle@localhost ~]$ ls
database  oracle_database_zip
[oracle@localhost ~]$

 

7: 安裝Xme30.exe 軟件

軟件下載路勁：鏈接：http://pan.baidu.com/s/1gf5cbKn 密碼：m1pn     注：如果該版本報錯。請到此QQ(6032072430)群的群文件里來下載該版本的安裝包

1):安裝步驟一直下一步即可

2):注冊lic

3):啟動工具

 

注：在打開   Xmanager-Passive 出下圖錯誤解決方法：failed to get the installation date from the system registry 

出現了這個問題后，各種可能的想法都想到了，但是，一直得不到解決，后來查到了這樣一種辦法

1.打開Xbrowser

2.打開Help, 選擇About Browser

3.點擊Enter Product Key

Name ： 3ddown.com

Organization: none

Serial:080807-116451-999766

就OK了

呵呵，Xmanager不讓貼上去，就辛苦大家用手敲上去了

 

 

 

8：oracle 12c （數據庫軟件） 安裝步驟圖解

查看解壓出來的文件權限信息：

[oracle@localhost ~]$ ll
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 7 oracle oinstall 117 Jul  7  2014 database
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall  90 Dec 13 23:54 oracle_database_zip
[oracle@localhost ~]$ cd database/
[oracle@localhost database]$ ll
total 20
drwxr-xr-x  4 oracle oinstall  234 Dec 13 23:52 install
drwxrwxr-x  2 oracle oinstall   61 Jul  7  2014 response
drwxr-xr-x  2 oracle oinstall   34 Jul  7  2014 rpm
-rwxr-xr-x  1 oracle oinstall 8533 Jul  7  2014 runInstaller
drwxrwxr-x  2 oracle oinstall   29 Jul  7  2014 sshsetup
drwxr-xr-x 14 oracle oinstall 4096 Jul  7  2014 stage
-rwxr-xr-x  1 oracle oinstall  500 Feb  7  2013 welcome.html
[oracle@localhost database]$

查看本機（客戶機）的ip

啟動調用本級（客戶機）的圖形管理工具並啟動安裝

[oracle@localhost database]$ export DISPLAY=192.168.1.27:0.0
[oracle@localhost database]$ ls
install  response  rpm  runInstaller  sshsetup  stage  welcome.html
[oracle@localhost database]$ ls -a
.  ..  install  response  rpm  runInstaller  sshsetup  stage  welcome.html
[oracle@localhost database]$ ./runInstaller

開始進行圖解安裝過程（注意觀察細節變化）

 

在安裝過程中出現了上圖 提示錯誤信息：結果分析是 /u01   /u01/app的權限導致的：

處理步驟：逐步賦權

[root@localhost oracle]# su - oracle
Last login: Wed Dec 13 23:48:45 CST 2017 on pts/2
[oracle@localhost ~]$ ll /u01
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 20 Dec 13 21:43 app
[oracle@localhost ~]$ ll
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 7 oracle oinstall 117 Jul  7  2014 database
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall  90 Dec 13 23:54 oracle_database_zip
[oracle@localhost ~]$ cd ?
-bash: cd: ?: No such file or directory
[oracle@localhost ~]$ cd /
[oracle@localhost /]$ ll
total 28
-rw-r--r--.   1 root root    0 Aug 20 02:03 1
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root    7 Aug 20 01:32 bin -> usr/bin
dr-xr-xr-x.   4 root root 4096 Aug 20 02:57 boot
drwxr-xr-x   20 root root 3320 Dec 13 23:08 dev
drwxr-xr-x. 143 root root 8192 Dec 13 23:24 etc
drwxr-xr-x.   4 root root   33 Dec 13 21:41 home
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root    7 Aug 20 01:32 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root    9 Aug 20 01:32 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root    6 Nov  5  2016 media
drwxr-xr-x.   3 root root   19 Dec 13 20:40 mnt
drwxr-xr-x.   3 root root   16 Aug 20 02:19 opt
dr-xr-xr-x  203 root root    0 Dec 13 23:08 proc
dr-xr-x---.  15 root root 4096 Dec 13 23:40 root
drwxr-xr-x   38 root root 1120 Dec 13 23:08 run
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root    8 Aug 20 01:32 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root    6 Nov  5  2016 srv
dr-xr-xr-x   13 root root    0 Dec 13 23:08 sys
drwxrwxrwt.  27 root root 4096 Dec 14 00:16 tmp
drwxr-xr-x.   3 root root   17 Dec 13 21:43 u01
drwxr-xr-x.  13 root root  155 Aug 20 01:32 usr
drwxr-xr-x.  21 root root 4096 Dec 13 23:08 var
[oracle@localhost /]$ ll /u01/app/
total 0
drwxrwxr-x. 2 oracle oinstall 6 Dec 14 00:49 oracle
[oracle@localhost /]$ su - root
Password:
Last login: Wed Dec 13 23:09:09 CST 2017 from 192.168.1.27 on pts/2
[root@localhost ~]# cd /
[root@localhost /]# ll
total 28
-rw-r--r--.   1 root root    0 Aug 20 02:03 1
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root    7 Aug 20 01:32 bin -> usr/bin
dr-xr-xr-x.   4 root root 4096 Aug 20 02:57 boot
drwxr-xr-x   20 root root 3320 Dec 13 23:08 dev
drwxr-xr-x. 143 root root 8192 Dec 13 23:24 etc
drwxr-xr-x.   4 root root   33 Dec 13 21:41 home
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root    7 Aug 20 01:32 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root    9 Aug 20 01:32 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root    6 Nov  5  2016 media
drwxr-xr-x.   3 root root   19 Dec 13 20:40 mnt
drwxr-xr-x.   3 root root   16 Aug 20 02:19 opt
dr-xr-xr-x  206 root root    0 Dec 13 23:08 proc
dr-xr-x---.  15 root root 4096 Dec 13 23:40 root
drwxr-xr-x   38 root root 1120 Dec 13 23:08 run
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root    8 Aug 20 01:32 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root    6 Nov  5  2016 srv
dr-xr-xr-x   13 root root    0 Dec 13 23:08 sys
drwxrwxrwt.  27 root root 4096 Dec 14 00:56 tmp
drwxr-xr-x.   3 root root   17 Dec 13 21:43 u01
drwxr-xr-x.  13 root root  155 Aug 20 01:32 usr
drwxr-xr-x.  21 root root 4096 Dec 13 23:08 var
[root@localhost /]# chown oracle:oinstall u
u01/ usr/
[root@localhost /]# chown oracle:oinstall u01/
[root@localhost /]# ll
total 28
-rw-r--r--.   1 root   root        0 Aug 20 02:03 1
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root   root        7 Aug 20 01:32 bin -> usr/bin
dr-xr-xr-x.   4 root   root     4096 Aug 20 02:57 boot
drwxr-xr-x   20 root   root     3320 Dec 13 23:08 dev
drwxr-xr-x. 143 root   root     8192 Dec 13 23:24 etc
drwxr-xr-x.   4 root   root       33 Dec 13 21:41 home
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root   root        7 Aug 20 01:32 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root   root        9 Aug 20 01:32 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root   root        6 Nov  5  2016 media
drwxr-xr-x.   3 root   root       19 Dec 13 20:40 mnt
drwxr-xr-x.   3 root   root       16 Aug 20 02:19 opt
dr-xr-xr-x  205 root   root        0 Dec 13 23:08 proc
dr-xr-x---.  15 root   root     4096 Dec 13 23:40 root
drwxr-xr-x   38 root   root     1120 Dec 13 23:08 run
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root   root        8 Aug 20 01:32 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root   root        6 Nov  5  2016 srv
dr-xr-xr-x   13 root   root        0 Dec 13 23:08 sys
drwxrwxrwt.  27 root   root     4096 Dec 14 00:58 tmp
drwxr-xr-x.   3 oracle oinstall   17 Dec 13 21:43 u01
drwxr-xr-x.  13 root   root      155 Aug 20 01:32 usr
drwxr-xr-x.  21 root   root     4096 Dec 13 23:08 var
[root@localhost /]# cd u01/
[root@localhost u01]# ll
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 20 Dec 13 21:43 app
[root@localhost u01]# chown oracle:oinstall app/
[root@localhost u01]# ll
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 3 oracle oinstall 20 Dec 13 21:43 app
[root@localhost u01]# cd app/
[root@localhost app]# ll
total 0
drwxrwxr-x. 2 oracle oinstall 6 Dec 14 00:49 oracle
[root@localhost app]# 

點擊OK ,再點擊下圖的NEXT 按鈕

檢測安裝環境：

（注：本次安裝為第一次安裝，有居多細節沒注意到：

所以有如下錯誤，需要處理，每個人的安裝都盡不相同；出現問題要冷靜處理）

swap安裝不通過

解決思路：（注：此內容參考：無心傷害  《CentOS6.4 安裝oracle 11g 遇到的各種問題》）

This is a prerequisite condition to test whether sufficient total swap space is available on the system. (more details)
Expected Value
: 15.64GB (1.6403472E7KB)  16400000
Actual Value
: 4.87GB (5111800.0KB)

問題原因是沒有swap空間不足導致，需要擴大交換空間

解決：1、使用dd命令創建一個swap分區

2、#dd if=/dev/zero of=/home/swap bs=1024 count=16400000

3、格式化剛才創建的分區

4、# mkswap /home/swap

5、再使用swapon命令把這個文件分區變成swap分區

6、#swapon /home/swap

7、（關閉SWAP分區的命令為：#swapoff /home/swap)

8、再用free -m 查看已經擴容的了swap分區。

9、為了能夠讓swap自動掛載，需要修改etc/fstab文件，用vi /etc/fstab

10、在文件末尾加上 /home/swap swap swap default 0 0

11、這樣就算重啟系統，swap分區也不用手動掛載了

12、但是我感覺好像我重啟了系統 swap就沒有了，然后我又百度了一下，要執行下面一段命令  #echo  "swapon  /home/swap" >> /etc/inittab 

13、然后在看 vi 看下 /etc/inittab

14、最后一行是swapon  /home/swap，這樣就萬事大吉了。

實際操作步驟：

[root@localhost app]# df -h
Filesystem           Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/cl-root   50G   13G   38G  26% /
devtmpfs             1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /dev
tmpfs                1.9G   84K  1.9G   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                1.9G  9.1M  1.9G   1% /run
tmpfs                1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1           1014M  173M  842M  18% /boot
/dev/mapper/cl-home  969G  5.3G  964G   1% /home
tmpfs                378M   16K  378M   1% /run/user/42
tmpfs                378M     0  378M   0% /run/user/0
[root@localhost app]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/home/swap bs=1024 count=16400000





16400000+0 records in
16400000+0 records out
16793600000 bytes (17 GB) copied, 225.418 s, 74.5 MB/s
[root@localhost app]# 
[root@localhost app]# 
[root@localhost app]# 
[root@localhost app]# 
[root@localhost app]# 
[root@localhost app]# mkswap /home/swap
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 16399996 KiB
no label, UUID=c59f97e2-8078-4db5-96fd-506e319d2f1e
[root@localhost app]# swapon /home/swap
swapon: /home/swap: insecure permissions 0644, 0600 suggested.
[root@localhost app]# free -m 
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           3774         408         108           2        3258        3047
Swap:         19727          88       19638
[root@localhost app]# /home/swap swap swap default 0 0
-bash: /home/swap: Permission denied
[root@localhost app]# echo   "swapon  /home/swap" >> /etc/inittab 
[root@localhost app]# cat  /etc/inittab
# inittab is no longer used when using systemd.
#
# ADDING CONFIGURATION HERE WILL HAVE NO EFFECT ON YOUR SYSTEM.
#
# Ctrl-Alt-Delete is handled by /usr/lib/systemd/system/ctrl-alt-del.target
#
# systemd uses 'targets' instead of runlevels. By default, there are two main targets:
#
# multi-user.target: analogous to runlevel 3
# graphical.target: analogous to runlevel 5
#
# To view current default target, run:
# systemctl get-default
#
# To set a default target, run:
# systemctl set-default TARGET.target
#
swapon  /home/swap
[root@localhost app]# 

查看文件分區過程：

[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  Desktop  Documents  Downloads  initial-setup-ks.cfg  Music  Pictures  Public  Templates  Videos
[root@localhost ~]# ll
total 8
-rw-------. 1 root root 1848 Aug 20 02:28 anaconda-ks.cfg
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Dec 13 20:03 Desktop
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Dec 13 20:03 Documents
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Dec 13 20:03 Downloads
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1879 Aug 20 02:59 initial-setup-ks.cfg
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Dec 13 20:03 Music
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Dec 13 20:03 Pictures
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Dec 13 20:03 Public
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Dec 13 20:03 Templates
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Dec 13 20:03 Videos
[root@localhost ~]# cd /
[root@localhost /]# ll
total 28
-rw-r--r--.   1 root   root        0 Aug 20 02:03 1
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root   root        7 Aug 20 01:32 bin -> usr/bin
dr-xr-xr-x.   4 root   root     4096 Aug 20 02:57 boot
drwxr-xr-x   20 root   root     3320 Dec 13 23:08 dev
drwxr-xr-x. 143 root   root     8192 Dec 13 23:24 etc
drwxr-xr-x.   4 root   root       45 Dec 14 01:17 home
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root   root        7 Aug 20 01:32 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root   root        9 Aug 20 01:32 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root   root        6 Nov  5  2016 media
drwxr-xr-x.   3 root   root       19 Dec 13 20:40 mnt
drwxr-xr-x.   3 root   root       16 Aug 20 02:19 opt
dr-xr-xr-x  208 root   root        0 Dec 13 23:08 proc
dr-xr-x---.  15 root   root     4096 Dec 13 23:40 root
drwxr-xr-x   38 root   root     1120 Dec 13 23:08 run
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root   root        8 Aug 20 01:32 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root   root        6 Nov  5  2016 srv
dr-xr-xr-x   13 root   root        0 Dec 13 23:08 sys
drwxrwxrwt.  27 root   root     4096 Dec 14 01:07 tmp
drwxr-xr-x.   3 oracle oinstall   17 Dec 13 21:43 u01
drwxr-xr-x.  13 root   root      155 Aug 20 01:32 usr
drwxr-xr-x.  21 root   root     4096 Dec 13 23:08 var
[root@localhost /]# cd home/
[root@localhost home]# ll
total 12582848
drwx------. 3 nginx  nginx             78 Aug 20 01:33 nginx
drwx------. 7 oracle oinstall         187 Dec 13 23:54 oracle
-rw-r--r--  1 root   root     12014789632 Dec 14 01:20 swap
[root@localhost home]# ll
total 20971452
drwx------. 3 nginx  nginx             78 Aug 20 01:33 nginx
drwx------. 7 oracle oinstall         187 Dec 13 23:54 oracle
-rw-r--r--  1 root   root     14392722432 Dec 14 01:20 swap
[root@localhost home]# ll
total 20971452
drwx------. 3 nginx  nginx             78 Aug 20 01:33 nginx
drwx------. 7 oracle oinstall         187 Dec 13 23:54 oracle
-rw-r--r--  1 root   root     14560011264 Dec 14 01:20 swap
[root@localhost home]# ll
total 20971452
drwx------. 3 nginx  nginx             78 Aug 20 01:33 nginx
drwx------. 7 oracle oinstall         187 Dec 13 23:54 oracle
-rw-r--r--  1 root   root     15027790848 Dec 14 01:20 swap
[root@localhost home]# ll
total 20971452
drwx------. 3 nginx  nginx             78 Aug 20 01:33 nginx
drwx------. 7 oracle oinstall         187 Dec 13 23:54 oracle
-rw-r--r--  1 root   root     15271343104 Dec 14 01:20 swap
[root@localhost home]# ll
total 20971452
drwx------. 3 nginx  nginx             78 Aug 20 01:33 nginx
drwx------. 7 oracle oinstall         187 Dec 13 23:54 oracle
-rw-r--r--  1 root   root     15363781632 Dec 14 01:20 swap
[root@localhost home]# ll
total 20971452
drwx------. 3 nginx  nginx             78 Aug 20 01:33 nginx
drwx------. 7 oracle oinstall         187 Dec 13 23:54 oracle
-rw-r--r--  1 root   root     15472714752 Dec 14 01:20 swap
[root@localhost home]# ll
total 20971452
drwx------. 3 nginx  nginx             78 Aug 20 01:33 nginx
drwx------. 7 oracle oinstall         187 Dec 13 23:54 oracle
-rw-r--r--  1 root   root     15582548992 Dec 14 01:21 swap
[root@localhost home]# ll
total 20971452
drwx------. 3 nginx  nginx             78 Aug 20 01:33 nginx
drwx------. 7 oracle oinstall         187 Dec 13 23:54 oracle
-rw-r--r--  1 root   root     15740661760 Dec 14 01:21 swap
[root@localhost home]# ll
total 20971452
drwx------. 3 nginx  nginx             78 Aug 20 01:33 nginx
drwx------. 7 oracle oinstall         187 Dec 13 23:54 oracle
-rw-r--r--  1 root   root     15752806400 Dec 14 01:21 swap
[root@localhost home]# ll
total 20971452
drwx------. 3 nginx  nginx             78 Aug 20 01:33 nginx
drwx------. 7 oracle oinstall         187 Dec 13 23:54 oracle
-rw-r--r--  1 root   root     15763570688 Dec 14 01:21 swap
[root@localhost home]# ll
total 20971452
drwx------. 3 nginx  nginx             78 Aug 20 01:33 nginx
drwx------. 7 oracle oinstall         187 Dec 13 23:54 oracle
-rw-r--r--  1 root   root     15833857024 Dec 14 01:21 swap
[root@localhost home]# ll
total 20971452
drwx------. 3 nginx  nginx             78 Aug 20 01:33 nginx
drwx------. 7 oracle oinstall         187 Dec 13 23:54 oracle
-rw-r--r--  1 root   root     16249556992 Dec 14 01:21 swap
[root@localhost home]# ll
total 20971452
drwx------. 3 nginx  nginx             78 Aug 20 01:33 nginx
drwx------. 7 oracle oinstall         187 Dec 13 23:54 oracle
-rw-r--r--  1 root   root     16305736704 Dec 14 01:21 swap
[root@localhost home]# ll
total 20971452
drwx------. 3 nginx  nginx             78 Aug 20 01:33 nginx
drwx------. 7 oracle oinstall         187 Dec 13 23:54 oracle
-rw-r--r--  1 root   root     16477321216 Dec 14 01:21 swap
[root@localhost home]# ll
total 20971452
drwx------. 3 nginx  nginx             78 Aug 20 01:33 nginx
drwx------. 7 oracle oinstall         187 Dec 13 23:54 oracle
-rw-r--r--  1 root   root     16590128128 Dec 14 01:21 swap
[root@localhost home]# ll
total 20971452
drwx------. 3 nginx  nginx             78 Aug 20 01:33 nginx
drwx------. 7 oracle oinstall         187 Dec 13 23:54 oracle
-rw-r--r--  1 root   root     16700355584 Dec 14 01:21 swap
[root@localhost home]# ll
total 20971452
drwx------. 3 nginx  nginx             78 Aug 20 01:33 nginx
drwx------. 7 oracle oinstall         187 Dec 13 23:54 oracle
-rw-r--r--  1 root   root     16789797888 Dec 14 01:21 swap
[root@localhost home]# ll
total 16400000
drwx------. 3 nginx  nginx             78 Aug 20 01:33 nginx
drwx------. 7 oracle oinstall         187 Dec 13 23:54 oracle
-rw-r--r--  1 root   root     16793600000 Dec 14 01:21 swap
[root@localhost home]# ll
total 16400000
drwx------. 3 nginx  nginx             78 Aug 20 01:33 nginx
drwx------. 7 oracle oinstall         187 Dec 13 23:54 oracle
-rw-r--r--  1 root   root     16793600000 Dec 14 01:21 swap
[root@localhost home]# ll
total 16400000
drwx------. 3 nginx  nginx             78 Aug 20 01:33 nginx
drwx------. 7 oracle oinstall         187 Dec 13 23:54 oracle
-rw-r--r--  1 root   root     16793600000 Dec 14 01:21 swap
[root@localhost home]# ll
total 16400000
drwx------. 3 nginx  nginx             78 Aug 20 01:33 nginx
drwx------. 7 oracle oinstall         187 Dec 13 23:54 oracle
-rw-r--r--  1 root   root     16793600000 Dec 14 01:21 swap
[root@localhost home]# ll
total 16400000
drwx------. 3 nginx  nginx             78 Aug 20 01:33 nginx
drwx------. 7 oracle oinstall         187 Dec 13 23:54 oracle
-rw-r--r--  1 root   root     16793600000 Dec 14 01:21 swap
[root@localhost home]# ll
total 16400000
drwx------. 3 nginx  nginx             78 Aug 20 01:33 nginx
drwx------. 7 oracle oinstall         187 Dec 13 23:54 oracle
-rw-r--r--  1 root   root     16793600000 Dec 14 01:21 swap
[root@localhost home]# 

檢查完畢后，swap分區問題已經沒有了；

缺少依賴包

This is a prerequisite condition to test whether the package "compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3 (x86_64)" is available on the system. (more details)
Expected Value
  : compat-libstdc++-33(x86_64)-3.2.3
Actual Value
  : missing

解決思路：直接用yum install compat-libstdc* –y 這個命令來安裝這個包

再次檢查下：

對應校驗一直無法通過而且也沒有辦法處理的時候；請參考下圖步驟：

(借用oracle11g安裝不通過時的操作)

點擊上圖紅框的位置，進入下圖

 

 

注：我本次 的安裝卡在包的依賴上了：yum　環境搭建一直既有些問題：唉煩人啊　

經過幾番周折終於把ｙｕｍ　弄好了；

 

 

點擊　ｉｎｓｔａｌｌ　：開始安裝（漫長的等待）

 

借圖：用於演示執行上圖的腳本的效果圖

圖13：點擊“ok”按鈕后，進入下圖界面，點擊‘close’按鈕后關閉界面，數據庫安裝完畢

 

 

至此：Oracle數據庫軟件已經安裝完畢

 

 

9：oracle12c (數據庫實例) 安裝圖解

 

1：在[oracle@oracle database] 目錄下 執行dbca 命令調用 數據庫實例 圖形安裝界面

 

創建數據庫密碼：Oracle12c

 

 

 

 

 

安裝結束

 

如果需要打開 oracle12c 的pdborcl 插拔容器。請查看以下鏈接的內容

• 第三節 關於 oracle12c 容器的掛載；當oracle12c數據庫正常啟動后，用（例如：127.0.0.1/pdborcl）容器數據庫連接失敗出現ora-01033錯誤；

如果需要對Oracle12c 的數據庫進行大概了解的 話，請查看下文了解

  Oracle12c 從入門到精通(第二版) 閆紅岩 金松河 編著