Httpclient與RestTemplate的比較（比httpClient更優雅的Restful URL訪問）

一、HttpClient

（一）HttpClient 客戶端

1、HttpClient 是 apache 的開源，需要引入兩個包：httpclient-4.2.4.jar 和 httpcore-4.2.2.jar。

 

/** 
 * HttpClien 的客戶端訪問 
 */  
private void httpClientVisit() {  
  
    String clientResponse = "";  
    try {  
  
        HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();  
        HttpPost request = new HttpPost(mUrl);  
  
        //不是表單數據提交，這邊使用 StringEntity 即可  
        //UrlEncodedFormEntity等都是 HttpEntity 接口的實現類  
        StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(mRequestXml, "UTF-8");//編碼  
        entity.setContentType("text/xml");  
        request.setEntity(entity);  
        // 發送請求  
        HttpResponse response = client.execute(request);  
  
        org.apache.http.HttpEntity httpEntity = response.getEntity();  
  
        if (httpEntity != null) {  
            // EntityUtils.toString 如果不指定編碼，EntityUtils默認會使用ISO_8859_1進行編碼  
            clientResponse = EntityUtils.toString(httpEntity, "UTF-8");// 記得設置編碼或者如下  
            // clientResponse = new String(EntityUtils.toString(httpEntity).getBytes("ISO_8859_1"), "UTF-8");  
        }  
  
        if (clientResponse == null || "".equals(clientResponse)) {  
            System.err.println("clientResponse is null or empty.");  
  
        }  
  
        System.out.println(clientResponse);  
  
    } catch (Exception e) {  
        e.printStackTrace();  
    }  
  
}  

（二）HttpClient 詳解

1、Post方式訪問

/**  
  * post方式提交表單（模擬用戶登錄請求）  
  */    
 public void postForm() {    
      
    String url = "http://localhost:8080/Java_WS_Server/rest/surpolicy/sendXml";  
      
     // 創建默認的httpClient實例.      
    HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();  
     // 創建httppost      
     HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost(url);    
     // 創建參數隊列      
     List<NameValuePair> formparams = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();    
     formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("username", "admin"));    
     formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("password", "123456"));    
     UrlEncodedFormEntity uefEntity;    
     try {    
         uefEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formparams, "UTF-8"); //編碼   
         httppost.setEntity(uefEntity);    
         System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getURI());    
         HttpResponse response = client.execute(httppost);    
Header[] headers = response.getAllHeaders();  
for(int i=0; i<headers.length; i++){  
    System.out.println(headers[i].getName());  
}  
  
         try {    
             HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();    
             if (entity != null) {    
                 System.out.println("--------------------------------------");    
                 System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8"));  //編碼  
                 System.out.println("--------------------------------------");    
             }    
         } finally {    
  
         }    
     } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {    
         e.printStackTrace();    
     } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {    
         e1.printStackTrace();    
     } catch (IOException e) {    
         e.printStackTrace();    
     } finally {    
  
     }    
 }    

　　2、Get方式訪問

/**  
 * 發送 get請求  
 */    
public void get() {    
    try {    
        HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();  
        // 創建httpget.      
        HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("http://www.baidu.com/");    
        System.out.println("executing request " + httpget.getURI());    
        // 執行get請求.      
        HttpResponse response = client.execute(httpget);    
        try {    
            // 獲取響應實體      
            HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();    
            System.out.println("--------------------------------------");    
            // 打印響應狀態      
            System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());    
            if (entity != null) {    
                // 打印響應內容長度      
                System.out.println("Response content length: " + entity.getContentLength());    
                // 打印響應內容      
                System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity));    
            }    
            System.out.println("------------------------------------");    
        } finally {    
        }    
    } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {    
        e.printStackTrace();    
    }  catch (IOException e) {    
        e.printStackTrace();    
    } finally {}    
}   

　　

3、亂碼問題：

1）利用：UrlEncodedFormEntity等 entity 容器，實現發送內容的編碼：

 UrlEncodedFormEntity uefEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formparams, "UTF-8"); //編碼  

StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(mRequestXml, "UTF-8");//編碼  

2、EntityUtils.toString()方法的轉碼，實現返回內容的編碼：

  EntityUtils.toString 如果不指定編碼，EntityUtils默認會使用ISO_8859_1進行編碼  

clientResponse = EntityUtils.toString(httpEntity, "UTF-8");// 記得設置編碼或者如下 

 clientResponse = new String(EntityUtils.toString(httpEntity).getBytes("ISO_8859_1"), "UTF-8");  

二、RestTemplate

 

（一）RestTemplate 客戶端

1、RestTemplate 是Spring的封裝，需要spring的包 spring-web-3.0.7.RELEASE.jar

2、客戶端代碼：

/** 
 * RestTemplate 客戶端訪問 
 */  
private void RestTemplateVisit() {  
    String returnXml = ""; // 核心返回結果報文字符串  
  
    try {  
  
        //復雜構造函數的使用  
        SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory requestFactory = new SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory();  
        requestFactory.setConnectTimeout(1000);// 設置超時  
        requestFactory.setReadTimeout(1000);  
  
        //利用復雜構造器可以實現超時設置，內部實際實現為 HttpClient  
        RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate(requestFactory);  
  
        //設置HTTP請求頭信息，實現編碼等  
        HttpHeaders requestHeaders = new HttpHeaders();  
        // requestHeaders.set("Accept", "text/");  
        requestHeaders.set("Accept-Charset", "utf-8");  
        requestHeaders.set("Content-type", "text/xml; charset=utf-8");// 設置編碼  
  
        //利用容器實現數據封裝，發送  
        HttpEntity<String> entity = new HttpEntity<String>(mRequestXml, requestHeaders);  
        returnXml = restTemplate.postForObject(mUrl, entity, String.class);  
  
        // 轉碼原因：RestTemplate默認是使用org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter來解析  
        // StringHttpMessageConverter 默認用的 ISO-8859-1來編碼的  
        returnXml = new String(returnXml.getBytes("ISO-8859-1"), "utf-8");  
  
    } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {  
        e.printStackTrace();  
    }  
  
    System.out.println("restTemplate客戶端訪問返回： \n" + returnXml);  
}  

　　具體的參考這個博客：

http://blog.csdn.net/u012228718/article/details/42028951