selenium不能啟動firefox瀏覽器，怎么辦？

一、Java（環境：eclipse Oxygen + JDK1.8 + selenium3.8.1 +Junit5 + firefox58.0_64位 + geckodriver V1.09.1_64位）

1.報錯信息如下

The path to the driver executable must be set by the webdriver.gecko.driver system property; 
for more information, see https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver. The latest version can be downloaded from https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/releases

java.lang.IllegalStateException: The path to the driver executable must be set by the webdriver.gecko.driver system property; for more information, see https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver. The latest version can be downloaded from https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/releases
    at com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkState(Preconditions.java:754)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.service.DriverService.findExecutable(DriverService.java:124)
    at org.openqa.selenium.firefox.GeckoDriverService.access$100(GeckoDriverService.java:41)
    at org.openqa.selenium.firefox.GeckoDriverService$Builder.findDefaultExecutable(GeckoDriverService.java:141)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.service.DriverService$Builder.build(DriverService.java:339)
    at org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver.toExecutor(FirefoxDriver.java:158)
    at org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver.<init>(FirefoxDriver.java:120)
    at org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver.<init>(FirefoxDriver.java:98)
…………

部分源碼如下：

      @Test
      public void setUp() throws Exception {
          
        try {

            driver = new FirefoxDriver();
            driver.get("https://www.baidu.com/");
            System.out.print(driver.getTitle());
            driver.quit();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
      }

2.解決方法如下：

　根據報錯提示意為，缺少驅動。

　（1）根據提示鏈接：https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/releases

　下載最新驅動

（2）解壓下載文件，把解壓后的文件放入firefox.exe的同目錄，默認為 C:\Program Files (x86)\Mozilla Firefox（此處最好配置環境變量path和PATH，這樣就不用加上geckdriver的路徑了）

（3）在源碼中的加入

System.setProperty("webdriver.firefox.marionette",
                     "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Mozilla Firefox\\geckodriver.exe")；
如下：

      @Test
      public void setUp() throws Exception {
          
        try {
            System.setProperty("webdriver.firefox.marionette",
 6                     "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Mozilla Firefox\\geckodriver.exe");
            driver = new FirefoxDriver();
            driver.get("https://www.baidu.com/");
            System.out.print(driver.getTitle());
            driver.quit();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
      }

二、python（環境：python3.6.2 + pycharm2017,3,1 + selenium3.8.1 + geckodriver V1.09.0_64位 + firefox58.0_64位）

 1.報錯信息如下：

selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: Unable to find a matching set of capabilities
提示報錯行：driver = webdriver.Firefox()

此種情況表示火狐驅動有問題

2.解決方法如下

（1）驗證驅動有沒有放在firefox路徑下，並在PATH和path下配置環境變量（舉例：C:\Program Files (x86)\Mozilla Firefox）

　（2）保證火狐瀏覽器的版本和驅動的版本要一致，geckodriver V1.09.0+firefox58.0都必須是同樣的版本（同64或同32）

 源代碼如下

#!/usr/bin/env python
# _*_ coding:utf-8 _*_
# 導入webdriver包
from selenium import webdriver
from time import sleep

driver = webdriver.Firefox()
driver.get("https://www.baidu.com/")
driver.find_element_by_xpath("//input[@id='kw']").send_keys("selenium")
driver.find_element_by_xpath("//input[@id='su']").click()
sleep(5)
driver.quit()

 （3）成功運行界面