mysql如何從全備文件中恢復單個庫或者單個表
在mysql dba的日常實際工作中,一個實例下有多個庫,而我們常見的備份就是全庫備份。那么問題就來了,如果需要恢復單個庫或者單個表,怎么辦了,網上有很多人都有多種方法,今天,我自己結合眾多資料,將實踐記錄下來,以便供參考。
基本情況介紹:
mysql版本:mysql-5.5.36.tar.gz
操作系統:CentOS release 6.8 x64 (Final)
一、全庫備份

[root@pre ~]# cat backup.sh #!/bin/bash /home/mysql/mysql55_3310/bin/mysqldump --defaults-file=/usr/local/local.cnf -E --triggers -e --max_allowed_packet=16777216 --net_buffer_length=16384 --master-data=2 --single-transaction --all-databases --quick | gzip >/home/dbbackup/all_database_bak_471_`date +%Y-%m-%d_%H_%M_%S`.sql.gz [root@pre ~]# cat /usr/local/local.cnf [client] host=localhost port=3310 user=root password=123456 socket=/home/mysql/mysql55_3310/data/mysql.sock [root@pre ~]# sh backup.sh
二、顯示當前庫

mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | db_log | | db_users | | mysql | | performance_schema | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> use db_log; Database changed mysql> show tables; Empty set (0.00 sec)
三、現在從全備文件中恢復db_log單個庫
# 從全備份文件中將需要的庫的建表語句和INSERT數據拿出來,然后再導入

[root@pre ~]# sed -n '/^-- Current Database: `db_log`/,/^-- Current Database: `/p' all_database_bak_471_2017-12-04_15_36_38.sql > db_log.sql & # 導入庫中 [root@pre ~]# /home/mysql/mysql55_3310/bin/mysql -uroot -p < db_log.sql & mysql> use db_log; Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql> show tables; +------------------------+ | Tables_in_db_log | +------------------------+ | api_online_logs | | onlinegame | | onlinegame_gamestats | | onlinegame_playerstats | | onlinegame_type | | osa_menu_url | | osa_module | | osa_quick_note | | osa_sys_log | | osa_system | | osa_user | | osa_user_group | | sample | | user_online | | user_psw_audit | +------------------------+ 15 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> # 數據已經恢復了
四、現在模擬恢復單個表的數據
# 先刪除一個表: user_online

mysql> drop table user_online; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) # 1、從全備份中提取出該表的建表語句 [root@pre ~]# sed -e'/./{H;$!d;}' -e 'x;/CREATE TABLE `user_online`/!d;q' all_database_bak_471_2017-12-04_15_36_38.sql > user_online.sql & # 2、提取該表的insert into語句 [root@pre ~]# grep -i 'INSERT INTO `user_online`' all_database_bak_471_2017-12-04_15_36_38.sql >> user_online.sql & # 3、導入到對應的庫中 [root@pre ~]# /home/mysql/mysql55_3310/bin/mysql -uroot -p <user_online.sql & # 4、查看數據 mysql> select count(*) from user_online; +----------+ | count(*) | +----------+ | 9 | +----------+ 1 row in set (0.01 sec) # 已經恢復完畢