一、數字類型
A：整型
mysql> show create table a\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: a
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `a` (
`a` int(10) unsigned DEFAULT NULL,
`b` int(10) unsigned DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
這里的10，表示什么意思
本身沒有意義，只有與zerofill配合在一起，才會起作用
mysql> create table c( a int(3) zerofill,b int(3) zerofill);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.16 sec)
mysql> insert into c select 1,2;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 1 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from c;
+------+------+
| a | b |
+------+------+
| 001 | 002 |
+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select a-b from c;
ERROR 1690 (22003): BIGINT UNSIGNED value is out of range in '(`testDB`.`c`.`a` - `testDB`.`c`.`b`)'
mysql> insert into c select 1111;
ERROR 1136 (21S01): Column count doesn't match value count at row 1 （列計數不匹配值計數）
INT類型的屬性：
UNSIGNED/SIGNED: 是否有符號
ZEROFILL: 顯示屬性，值不做任何修改
Auto_INCREMENT： 自增，每張表一個自增字段，該自增字段，必須是索引的一部分
mysql> create table d ( a int auto_increment);
ERROR 1075 (42000): Incorrect table definition; there can be only one auto column and it must be defined as a key （自增字段必須是一個索引（key），否則會報錯）
mysql> create table d ( a int auto_increment primary key);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.14 sec)
mysql> insert into d select NULL;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 1 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from d;
+---+
| a |
+---+
| 1 |
+---+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
總結：
1、推薦不要試用unsigned，unsigned可能會有溢出現象發生
2、自增int類型，主鍵建議使用bigint類型
TRADITIONAL模式：嚴格模式，當向mysql數據庫插入數據時，進行數據的嚴格校驗，保證錯誤數據不能插入，報error錯誤。用於事物時，會進行事物的回滾。
STRICT_TRANS_TABLES模式：嚴格模式，進行數據的嚴格校驗，錯誤數據不能插入，報error錯誤。
案例：
mysql> create table t1 (i1 tinyint,i2 tinyint unsigned);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.17 sec)
mysql> set sql_mode='traditional';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)（當設置為嚴格模式時，此時插入數據，就報錯）
mysql> insert into t1(i1,i2) values(256,256);
ERROR 1264 (22003): Out of range value for column 'i1' at row 1
mysql> set sql_mode='ANSI'; （修改sql_mode為寬松模式）
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into t1(i1,i2) values(256,256);
Query OK, 1 row affected, 2 warnings (0.02 sec)
mysql> show warnings
-> ;
+---------+------+---------------------------------------------+
| Level | Code | Message |
+---------+------+---------------------------------------------+
| Warning | 1264 | Out of range value for column 'i1' at row 1 |
| Warning | 1264 | Out of range value for column 'i2' at row 1 |
+---------+------+---------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
B：
單精度類型： FLOAT
雙精度類型： DOUBLE
高精度類型：DECIMAL
注意：
1、財務類型必須使用DECIMAL類型
2、float(M,D)/DOUBLE(M,D)/DECIMAL(M,D),M表示多少位整數，其中D表示小數點后面有幾位
3、mysql在保存值的時候，會進行四舍五入，例如float（7,4），當插入，999.00009 這個時候會顯示999.0001
mysql> create table t( a decimal);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.14 sec)
mysql> show create table t\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: t
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `t` (
`a` decimal(10,0) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> create table f( a decimal(7,3)); ----總共7位，小數點后面占3位
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.18 sec)
mysql> insert into f value(3457.234);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec) 顯示 3457.234
mysql> insert into f value(1324.2744);
Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec) 顯示1324.274
mysql> insert into f value(1324.2747);
Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.05 sec) 顯示1324.275
mysql> select * from f;
+----------+
| a |
+----------+
| 3457.234 |
| 1324.274 |
| 1324.275 |
+----------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
二、字符類型
char(N)、Varchar(N) 這里的N，指定的是字符個數
BINARY(N),VARBINARY(N) 這里的N，表示字節個數
通過SHOW character set可以查看mysql數據庫支持的字符集，例如
mysql> show character set;
注意：
1、在BLOB和TEXT列上創建索引時，必須指定索引前綴的長度
2、BLOB和TEXT列不能有默認值
3、BLOB和TEXT列排序只使用該列的前max_sort_length
mysql> select @@global.max_sort_length;
+--------------------------+
| @@global.max_sort_length |
+--------------------------+
| 1024 |
+--------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
字符集介紹
常見的字符集： utf8，utf8mb4，gbk，gb18030
mysql> show character set like 'gb%';
+---------+---------------------------------+--------------------+--------+
| Charset | Description | Default collation | Maxlen |
+---------+---------------------------------+--------------------+--------+
| gb2312 | GB2312 Simplified Chinese | gb2312_chinese_ci | 2 |
| gbk | GBK Simplified Chinese | gbk_chinese_ci | 2 |
| gb18030 | China National Standard GB18030 | gb18030_chinese_ci | 4 |
+---------+---------------------------------+--------------------+--------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show character set like 'utf8%';
+---------+---------------+--------------------+--------+
| Charset | Description | Default collation | Maxlen |
+---------+---------------+--------------------+--------+
| utf8 | UTF-8 Unicode | utf8_general_ci | 3 |
| utf8mb4 | UTF-8 Unicode | utf8mb4_general_ci | 4 |
+---------+---------------+--------------------+--------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
修改字符集
mysql> create database aa default character set utf8mb4;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> use aa
Database changed
mysql> create table a ( id int);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)
mysql> show create table a\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: a
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `a` (
`id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
字符串類型-----ENUM & SET
ENUM（‘男’，‘女’）
ENUM類型最多運行65536個值
SET類型最多允許64個值
mysql> create table b ( user varchar(30),sex ENUM('male','female'));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)
mysql> insert into b select 'david','male';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 1 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> insert into b select 'john','bmale';
ERROR 1265 (01000): Data truncated for column 'sex' at row 1
三、日期類型
timestamp和datatime的區別：
timestamp引入時區的概念
在建表時，列為timestamp的日期類型可以設置一個默認值，而datatime不行
案例：
mysql> create table c (a timestamp,b datetime);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.15 sec)
mysql> insert into c select now(),now();
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)
Records: 1 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from c;
+---------------------+---------------------+
| a | b |
+---------------------+---------------------+
| 2017-11-27 17:02:08 | 2017-11-27 17:02:08 |
+---------------------+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select time_zone;
ERROR 1054 (42S22): Unknown column 'time_zone' in 'field list'
mysql> select @@time_zone; 系統時區，東八區
+-------------+
| @@time_zone |
+-------------+
| SYSTEM |
+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> set time_zone="+00:00" 當修改時區后，則發現時間就不一樣
-> ;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from c;
+---------------------+---------------------+
| a | b |
+---------------------+---------------------+
| 2017-11-27 09:02:08 | 2017-11-27 17:02:08 |
+---------------------+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
日期函數
NOW（）返回sql執行的時間
current_timestamp 與now函數同義
sysdate 返回執行函數的時間
date_add（date，interval expr unit）增加時間
date_sub（date，interval expr unit）減少時間
mysql> select now(),sysdate(),sleep(5),now(),sysdate();
+---------------------+---------------------+----------+---------------------+---------------------+
| now() | sysdate() | sleep(5) | now() | sysdate() |
+---------------------+---------------------+----------+---------------------+---------------------+
| 2017-11-27 09:35:10 | 2017-11-27 09:35:10 | 0 | 2017-11-27 09:35:10 | 2017-11-27 09:35:15 |
+---------------------+---------------------+----------+---------------------+---------------------+
mysql> select date_add(now(),interval 5 day);
+--------------------------------+
| date_add(now(),interval 5 day) |
+--------------------------------+
| 2017-12-02 09:37:45 |
+--------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select date_add(now(),interval -5 day);
+---------------------------------+
| date_add(now(),interval -5 day) |
+---------------------------------+
| 2017-11-22 09:38:24 |
+---------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> create table a ( a datetime default current_timestamp on update current_timestamp,b char(10));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.14 sec)
mysql> insert into a (b) values ('sa'),('sdf'),('yf');
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.02 sec)
Records: 3 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
然后select查詢，發現日期為當前時間
mysql> select * from a;
+---------------------+------+
| a | b |
+---------------------+------+
| 2017-11-28 13:38:59 | sa |
| 2017-11-28 13:38:59 | sdf |
| 2017-11-28 13:38:59 | yf |
+---------------------+------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
四、JSON類型
相關函數
