Linux下通過受限bash創建指定權限的賬號

 

在日常業務運維中，有時為了配合解決問題，需要給非運維人員開通系統賬號，用於查詢日志或代碼。通常為了系統安全或避免不必要的誤操作等目的，會將賬號權限降至最低。下面介紹下在Linux下通過受限bash創建指定權限賬號的操作記錄：

[root@mq-server ~]# ln -s /bin/bash  /bin/rbash
[root@mq-server ~]# useradd -s /bin/rbash wangshibo
[root@mq-server ~]# passwd wangshibo
[root@mq-server ~]# mkdir /home/wangshibo/bin
[root@mq-server ~]# chown root. /home/wangshibo/.bash_profile 
[root@mq-server ~]# chmod 755 /home/wangshibo/.bash_profile
[root@mq-server ~]# vim /home/wangshibo/.bash_profile       //復制下面的內容覆蓋原內容
# .bash_profile
 
# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
        . ~/.bashrc
fi
 
# User specific environment and startup programs
 
PATH=$HOME/bin
 
export PATH

[root@mq-server ~]# ln -s /bin/cat /home/wangshibo/bin/cat
[root@mq-server ~]# ll /home/wangshibo/
total 4
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 25 23:38 bin
[root@mq-server ~]# ll /home/wangshibo/bin/
total 0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 8 Nov 25 23:12 cat -> /bin/cat

如上設置后，可以發現創建的wangshibo用戶家目錄下的文件權限是root.root，上面只設置了wangshibo用戶的cat權限，並且只能cat查看wangshibo用戶家目錄/home/wangshibo下的文件。除了cat命令外。不能執行其他命令！

[wangshibo@mq-server ~]$ cat /var/log/messages
cat: /var/log/messages: Permission denied
[wangshibo@mq-server ~]$ ls
-rbash: /home/wangshibo/bin/ls: No such file or directory
[wangshibo@mq-server ~]$ touch test
-rbash: /home/wangshibo/bin/touch: No such file or directory

如果要想在其家目錄下有其他命令的執行權，那么需要添加這些命令的軟鏈接到/home/wangshibo/bin目錄下（可以通過which命令查看二進制命令的全路徑）

[root@mq-server ~]# ln -s /bin/ls /home/wangshibo/bin
[root@mq-server ~]# ln -s /bin/touch /home/wangshibo/bin
[root@mq-server ~]# ln -s /bin/mkdir /home/wangshibo/bin
[root@mq-server ~]# ln -s /usr/bin/vim /home/wangshibo/bin/
[root@mq-server ~]# ll /home/wangshibo/bin/
total 0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root  8 Nov 25 23:12 cat -> /bin/cat
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root  7 Nov 25 23:44 ls -> /bin/ls
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Nov 25 23:45 mkdir -> /bin/mkdir
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Nov 25 23:44 touch -> /bin/touch
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Nov 25 23:45 vim -> /usr/bin/vim

這樣，wangshibo用戶就擁有了上面加入的命令的執行權

[root@mq-server ~]# su - wangshibo
[wangshibo@mq-server ~]$ ls
bin
[wangshibo@mq-server ~]$ touch test
[wangshibo@mq-server ~]$ mkdir ops
[wangshibo@mq-server ~]$ vim test
[wangshibo@mq-server ~]$ cat test
dsfdsafsadf
[wangshibo@mq-server ~]$ rm -f test
-rbash: rm: command not found
[wangshibo@mq-server ~]$ ls /usr/
bin  etc  games  include  lib  lib64  libexec  local  sbin  share  src  tmp
[wangshibo@mq-server ~]$ cat /var/log/messages
cat: /var/log/messages: Permission denied