專題一：mysql5.7上開啟並配置ssl
[root@mysqlmaster01 bin]# ./mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --datadir=/data/mysql_data1/ --user=mysql
Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
............................................................................+++
............+++
writing new private key to 'ca-key.pem'
-----
Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
.......................+++
..........................+++
writing new private key to 'server-key.pem'
-----
Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
...........+++
..........+++
writing new private key to 'client-key.pem'
-----
查看
mysql> show variables like '%ssl%';
+---------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-----------------+
| have_openssl | DISABLED |
| have_ssl | DISABLED |
| ssl_ca | ca.pem |
| ssl_capath | |
| ssl_cert | server-cert.pem |
| ssl_cipher | |
| ssl_crl | |
| ssl_crlpath | |
| ssl_key | server-key.pem |
+---------------+-----------------+
9 rows in set (0.01 sec)
（SSL還是沒有啟用）
解決辦法：把數據目錄下.pem的文件，屬主和屬組改成mysql
[root@mysqlmaster01 mysql_data1]# chown -R mysql.mysql *.pem
然后重啟服務
[root@mysqlmaster01 mysql_data1]# /etc/init.d/mysqld_multi stop 1
[root@mysqlmaster01 mysql_data1]# /etc/init.d/mysqld_multi start 1
[root@mysqlmaster01 mysql_data1]# /etc/init.d/mysqld_multi report
Reporting MySQL servers
MySQL server from group: mysqld1 is running
[root@mysqlmaster01 mysql_data1]# mysql --login-path=mysql1 -e "show variables like 'have%ssl%';"
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| have_openssl | YES |
| have_ssl | YES |
+---------------+-------+
(說明ssl已經啟用咯）
[root@mysqlmaster01 mysql_data1]# ll *.pem
-rw-------. 1 mysql mysql 1679 Nov 24 11:14 ca-key.pem
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 1107 Nov 24 11:14 ca.pem
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 1107 Nov 24 11:14 client-cert.pem
-rw-------. 1 mysql mysql 1679 Nov 24 11:14 client-key.pem
-rw-------. 1 mysql mysql 1679 Nov 24 11:14 private_key.pem
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 451 Nov 24 11:14 public_key.pem
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 1107 Nov 24 11:14 server-cert.pem
-rw-------. 1 mysql mysql 1675 Nov 24 11:14 server-key.pem
如何通過ssl進行連接
[root@mysqlmaster01 mysql_data2]# mysql -u ssl -p -h 10.2.11.226 --ssl-cert=/data/mysql_data2/client-cert.pem --ssl-key=/data/mysql_data2/client-key.pem -P 3307
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 15
Server version: 5.7.20-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> \q
（默認如果授權沒有做任何限制，用戶既可以通過秘鑰登錄，也可以通過用戶名和密碼登錄）
用戶授權規定只能通過ssl方式登錄
mysql> create user 'tom'@'10.2.11.%' identified by 'Aa123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> grant all on *.* to 'tom'@'10.2.11.%' require ssl;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
測試
[root@mysqlmaster01 ~]# mysql -u tom -p -h 10.2.11.226 --ssl-mode 'REQUIRED' -P 3306
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
mysql>
mysql> \s
--------------
mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.20, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper
Connection id: 25
Current database:
Current user: tom@10.2.11.226
SSL: Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA
Current pager: stdout
Using outfile: ''
Using delimiter: ;
Server version: 5.7.20-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version: 10
Connection: 10.2.11.226 via TCP/IP
Server characterset: latin1
Db characterset: latin1
Client characterset: utf8
Conn. characterset: utf8
TCP port: 3306
Uptime: 1 hour 34 min 11 sec
Threads: 2 Questions: 56 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 124 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 117 Queries per second avg: 0.009
--------------
如果不僅需要ssl還需要秘鑰，那么怎么操作呢？
mysql> alter user 'tom'@'10.2.11.%' require x509;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
或者新建一個用戶，要求ssl+秘鑰登錄
mysql> grant all on *.* to 'test'@'10.2.11.%' identified by 'Aa123456' require x509;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)
mysql> grant all on *.* to 'test'@'10.2.18.%' identified by 'Aa123456' require x509;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
測試登錄：
[root@mysqlmaster01 mysql_data1]# mysql -u test -p -h 10.2.11.226 -P 3306 --ssl
WARNING: --ssl is deprecated and will be removed in a future version. Use --ssl-mode instead.
Enter password:
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'test'@'10.2.11.226' (using password: YES)
（發現通過ssl登錄不了）
遠程客戶端連接測試（我以mysql workbench為例）
第二專題：mysql5.6上開啟並配置ssl
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/using-encrypted-connections.html
1、加密連接服務端配置
[mysqld]
ssl-ca=ca.pem
ssl-cert=server-cert.pem
ssl-key=server-key.pem
說明：
ss-ca：證書頒發機構(CA)證書文件的路徑名
ssl-cert：服務器公鑰證書文件的路徑名。這可以發送到客戶端，並通過CA證書進行身份驗證。
ssl-key：服務器的私鑰證書文件的路徑名
2、客戶端使用ssl
案例：
mysql --ssl-ca=ca.pem --ssl-cert=client-cert.pem --ssl-key=client-key.pem
通過openssl 制作生成 SSL 證書
[root@mysqlmaster01 CA]# touch index.txt
[root@mysqlmaster01 CA]# echo 01>serial
創建CA證書
[root@server mysql56]# openssl genrsa 2048 > ca-key.pem
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus
...............................................+++
......................................................................................................................+++
e is 65537 (0x10001)
[root@server mysql56]# openssl req -new -x509 -nodes -days 3600 -key ca-key.pem -out ca.pem
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) []:shanghai
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:shanghai
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:als
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:ops
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:ca.test.com
Email Address []:
[root@server mysql56]# ll *.pem
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1679 Nov 24 15:15 ca-key.pem
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1314 Nov 24 15:16 ca.pem
創建服務器證書
[root@server mysql56]# openssl req -newkey rsa:2048 -days 3600 -nodes -keyout server-key.pem -out server-req.pem
Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
......................................................+++
.........................+++
writing new private key to 'server-key.pem'
-----
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) []:shanghai
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:shanghai
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:als
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:ops
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:server.test.com
Email Address []:
Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:
An optional company name []:
[root@server mysql56]# openssl rsa -in server-key.pem -out server-key.pem
writing RSA key
[root@server mysql56]# openssl x509 -req -in server-req.pem -days 3600 -CA ca.pem -CAkey ca-key.pem -set_serial 01 -out server-cert.pem
Signature ok
subject=/C=CN/ST=shanghai/L=shanghai/O=als/OU=ops/CN=server.test.com
Getting CA Private Key
創建客戶端證書
[root@server mysql56]# openssl req -newkey rsa:2048 -days 3600 -nodes -keyout client-key.pem -out client-req.pem
Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
.+++
...............................................+++
writing new private key to 'client-key.pem'
-----
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) []:shanghai
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:shanghai
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:als
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:ops
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:client.test.com
Email Address []:
Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:
An optional company name []:
[root@server mysql56]# openssl rsa -in client-key.pem -out client-key.pem
writing RSA key
[root@server mysql56]# openssl x509 -req -in client-req.pem -days 3600 -CA ca.pem -CAkey ca-key.pem -set_serial 02 -out client-cert.pem
Signature ok
subject=/C=CN/ST=shanghai/L=shanghai/O=als/OU=ops/CN=client.test.com
Getting CA Private Key
檢測：
[root@mysqlmaster01 mysql56]# openssl verify -CAfile ca.pem server-cert.pem client-cert.pem
server-cert.pem: OK
client-cert.pem: OK
說明：
-
ca.pem: Use this as the argument to--ssl-caon the server and client sides. (The CA certificate, if used, must be the same on both sides.) -
server-cert.pem,server-key.pem: Use these as the arguments to--ssl-certand--ssl-keyon the server side. -
client-cert.pem,client-key.pem: Use these as the arguments to--ssl-certand--ssl-keyon the client side.
[root@mysqlmaster01 mysql56]# chown -R mysql.mysql *.pem （更改屬主和屬組）
編寫my.cnf文件，在【mysqld】下填寫
ssl-ca=/data/mysql56/ca.pem
ssl-cert=/data/mysql56/server-cert.pem
ssl-key=/data/mysql56/server-key.pem
測試
mysql> grant all on *.* to 'test'@'10.2.11.%' identified by 'Aa123456' require x509; （授權test用戶通過ssl+秘鑰登錄）
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
[root@mysqlmaster01 ~]# mysql -u test -h 10.2.11.226 -p -P 3308
Enter password:
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'test'@'10.2.11.226' (using password: YES)
（直接用密碼登錄錯誤）
[root@mysqlmaster01 ~]# mysql -u test -h 10.2.11.226 -p -P 3308 -ssl-cert=client-cert.pem --ssl-key=client-key.pem --ssl-ca=ca.pem
mysql: [ERROR] mysql: unknown option '-l'
[root@mysqlmaster01 ~]# mysql -u test -h 10.2.11.226 -p -P 3308 --ssl-cert=client-cert.pem --ssl-key=client-key.pem --ssl-ca=ca.pem
Enter password:
ERROR 2026 (HY000): SSL connection error: SSL_CTX_set_default_verify_paths failed
[root@mysqlmaster01 ~]# mysql -u test -h 10.2.11.226 -p -P 3308 --ssl-cert=/data/mysql56/client-cert.pem --ssl-key=/data/mysql56/client-key.pem
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 5
Server version: 5.6.38-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
（如果要在其他電腦上通過ssl登錄該機器的數據庫，必須要ca.pem,client-cert.pem,client-key.pem拷貝到其他電腦上，然后配置連接數據庫的工具使用ssl）