Yum自動下載RPM包及其所有依賴的包


前幾天我嘗試去創建一個僅包含我們經常在 CentOS 7 下使用的軟件的本地倉庫。當然,我們可以使用 curl 或者 wget 下載任何軟件包,然而這些命令並不能下載要求的依賴軟件包。你必須去花一些時間而且手動的去尋找和下載被安裝的軟件所依賴的軟件包。然而,我們並不是必須這樣。在這個簡短的教程中,我將會帶領你以兩種方式下載軟件包及其所有依賴包。我已經在 CentOS 7 下進行了測試,不過這些相同的步驟或許在其他基於 RPM 管理系統的發行版上也可以工作,例如 RHEL,Fedora 和 Scientific Linux。

方法1利用"Downloadonly"插件下載 RPM 軟件包及其所有依賴包

我們可以通過 yum 命令的 “Downloadonly” 插件下載 RPM 軟件包及其所有依賴包, 為了安裝 Downloadonly 插件,以 root 身份運行以下命令:

yum install yum-plugin-downloadonly  

現在,運行以下命令去下載一個 RPM 軟件包

yum install --downloadonly <package-name>

默認情況下,這個命令將會下載並把軟件包保存到 /var/cache/yum/ 的 rhel-{arch}-channel/packageslocation 目錄,不過,你也可以下載和保存軟件包到任何位置,你可以通過 –downloaddir 選項來指定。

yum install --downloadonly --downloaddir=<directory> <package-name>

例子:

yum install --downloadonly --downloaddir=/root/mypackages/  nginx

終端輸出:

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
base                                                                                                                                                                                                         | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
epel/x86_64/metalink                                                                                                                                                                                         | 5.7 kB  00:00:00     
epel                                                                                                                                                                                                         | 4.7 kB  00:00:00     
extras                                                                                                                                                                                                       | 3.4 kB  00:00:00     
updates                                                                                                                                                                                                      | 3.4 kB  00:00:00     
(1/3): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db                                                                                                                                                                           | 3.6 MB  00:00:01     
(2/3): epel/x86_64/updateinfo                                                                                                                                                                                | 848 kB  00:00:02     
(3/3): epel/x86_64/primary_db                                                                                                                                                                                | 6.1 MB  00:03:08     
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.cn99.com
 * epel: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
 * extras: mirrors.cn99.com
 * updates: mirrors.cn99.com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package nginx.x86_64 1:1.12.2-1.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: nginx-all-modules = 1:1.12.2-1.el7 for package: 1:nginx-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: nginx-filesystem = 1:1.12.2-1.el7 for package: 1:nginx-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libcrypto.so.10(OPENSSL_1.0.2)(64bit) for package: 1:nginx-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: nginx-filesystem for package: 1:nginx-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libprofiler.so.0()(64bit) for package: 1:nginx-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package gperftools-libs.x86_64 0:2.4-8.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libunwind.so.8()(64bit) for package: gperftools-libs-2.4-8.el7.x86_64
---> Package nginx-all-modules.noarch 1:1.12.2-1.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: nginx-mod-http-geoip = 1:1.12.2-1.el7 for package: 1:nginx-all-modules-1.12.2-1.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: nginx-mod-http-image-filter = 1:1.12.2-1.el7 for package: 1:nginx-all-modules-1.12.2-1.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: nginx-mod-http-perl = 1:1.12.2-1.el7 for package: 1:nginx-all-modules-1.12.2-1.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter = 1:1.12.2-1.el7 for package: 1:nginx-all-modules-1.12.2-1.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: nginx-mod-mail = 1:1.12.2-1.el7 for package: 1:nginx-all-modules-1.12.2-1.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: nginx-mod-stream = 1:1.12.2-1.el7 for package: 1:nginx-all-modules-1.12.2-1.el7.noarch
---> Package nginx-filesystem.noarch 1:1.12.2-1.el7 will be installed
---> Package openssl-libs.x86_64 1:1.0.1e-42.el7.9 will be updated
--> Processing Dependency: openssl-libs(x86-64) = 1:1.0.1e-42.el7.9 for package: 1:openssl-1.0.1e-42.el7.9.x86_64
---> Package openssl-libs.x86_64 1:1.0.2k-8.el7 will be an update
--> Running transaction check
---> Package libunwind.x86_64 2:1.2-2.el7 will be installed
---> Package nginx-mod-http-geoip.x86_64 1:1.12.2-1.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: GeoIP for package: 1:nginx-mod-http-geoip-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libGeoIP.so.1()(64bit) for package: 1:nginx-mod-http-geoip-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64
---> Package nginx-mod-http-image-filter.x86_64 1:1.12.2-1.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: gd for package: 1:nginx-mod-http-image-filter-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libgd.so.2()(64bit) for package: 1:nginx-mod-http-image-filter-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64
---> Package nginx-mod-http-perl.x86_64 1:1.12.2-1.el7 will be installed
---> Package nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter.x86_64 1:1.12.2-1.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libxslt.so.1(LIBXML2_1.0.11)(64bit) for package: 1:nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libxslt.so.1(LIBXML2_1.0.18)(64bit) for package: 1:nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libexslt.so.0()(64bit) for package: 1:nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libxslt.so.1()(64bit) for package: 1:nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64
---> Package nginx-mod-mail.x86_64 1:1.12.2-1.el7 will be installed
---> Package nginx-mod-stream.x86_64 1:1.12.2-1.el7 will be installed
---> Package openssl.x86_64 1:1.0.1e-42.el7.9 will be updated
---> Package openssl.x86_64 1:1.0.2k-8.el7 will be an update
--> Running transaction check
---> Package GeoIP.x86_64 0:1.5.0-11.el7 will be installed
---> Package gd.x86_64 0:2.0.35-26.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libpng15.so.15(PNG15_0)(64bit) for package: gd-2.0.35-26.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libjpeg.so.62(LIBJPEG_6.2)(64bit) for package: gd-2.0.35-26.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libpng15.so.15()(64bit) for package: gd-2.0.35-26.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libjpeg.so.62()(64bit) for package: gd-2.0.35-26.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libfontconfig.so.1()(64bit) for package: gd-2.0.35-26.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libXpm.so.4()(64bit) for package: gd-2.0.35-26.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libX11.so.6()(64bit) for package: gd-2.0.35-26.el7.x86_64
---> Package libxslt.x86_64 0:1.1.28-5.el7 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package fontconfig.x86_64 0:2.10.95-11.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: fontpackages-filesystem for package: fontconfig-2.10.95-11.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: font(:lang=en) for package: fontconfig-2.10.95-11.el7.x86_64
---> Package libX11.x86_64 0:1.6.5-1.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libX11-common >= 1.6.5-1.el7 for package: libX11-1.6.5-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libxcb.so.1()(64bit) for package: libX11-1.6.5-1.el7.x86_64
---> Package libXpm.x86_64 0:3.5.12-1.el7 will be installed
---> Package libjpeg-turbo.x86_64 0:1.2.90-5.el7 will be installed
---> Package libpng.x86_64 2:1.5.13-7.el7_2 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package fontpackages-filesystem.noarch 0:1.44-8.el7 will be installed
---> Package libX11-common.noarch 0:1.6.5-1.el7 will be installed
---> Package libxcb.x86_64 0:1.12-1.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libXau.so.6()(64bit) for package: libxcb-1.12-1.el7.x86_64
---> Package lyx-fonts.noarch 0:2.2.3-1.el7 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package libXau.x86_64 0:1.0.8-2.1.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

====================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
 Package                                                              Arch                                            Version                                                   Repository                                     Size
====================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 nginx                                                                x86_64                                          1:1.12.2-1.el7                                            epel                                          529 k
Installing for dependencies:
 GeoIP                                                                x86_64                                          1.5.0-11.el7                                              base                                          1.1 M
 fontconfig                                                           x86_64                                          2.10.95-11.el7                                            base                                          229 k
 fontpackages-filesystem                                              noarch                                          1.44-8.el7                                                base                                          9.9 k
 gd                                                                   x86_64                                          2.0.35-26.el7                                             base                                          146 k
 gperftools-libs                                                      x86_64                                          2.4-8.el7                                                 base                                          272 k
 libX11                                                               x86_64                                          1.6.5-1.el7                                               base                                          606 k
 libX11-common                                                        noarch                                          1.6.5-1.el7                                               base                                          164 k
 libXau                                                               x86_64                                          1.0.8-2.1.el7                                             base                                           29 k
 libXpm                                                               x86_64                                          3.5.12-1.el7                                              base                                           55 k
 libjpeg-turbo                                                        x86_64                                          1.2.90-5.el7                                              base                                          134 k
 libpng                                                               x86_64                                          2:1.5.13-7.el7_2                                          base                                          213 k
 libunwind                                                            x86_64                                          2:1.2-2.el7                                               base                                           57 k
 libxcb                                                               x86_64                                          1.12-1.el7                                                base                                          211 k
 libxslt                                                              x86_64                                          1.1.28-5.el7                                              base                                          242 k
 lyx-fonts                                                            noarch                                          2.2.3-1.el7                                               epel                                          159 k
 nginx-all-modules                                                    noarch                                          1:1.12.2-1.el7                                            epel                                           16 k
 nginx-filesystem                                                     noarch                                          1:1.12.2-1.el7                                            epel                                           17 k
 nginx-mod-http-geoip                                                 x86_64                                          1:1.12.2-1.el7                                            epel                                           23 k
 nginx-mod-http-image-filter                                          x86_64                                          1:1.12.2-1.el7                                            epel                                           26 k
 nginx-mod-http-perl                                                  x86_64                                          1:1.12.2-1.el7                                            epel                                           35 k
 nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter                                           x86_64                                          1:1.12.2-1.el7                                            epel                                           25 k
 nginx-mod-mail                                                       x86_64                                          1:1.12.2-1.el7                                            epel                                           53 k
 nginx-mod-stream                                                     x86_64                                          1:1.12.2-1.el7                                            epel                                           76 k
Updating for dependencies:
 openssl                                                              x86_64                                          1:1.0.2k-8.el7                                            base                                          492 k
 openssl-libs                                                         x86_64                                          1:1.0.2k-8.el7                                            base                                          1.2 M

Transaction Summary
====================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Install  1 Package  (+23 Dependent packages)
Upgrade             (  2 Dependent packages)

Total download size: 6.0 M
Background downloading packages, then exiting:
Delta RPMs disabled because /usr/bin/applydeltarpm not installed.
(1/26): fontpackages-filesystem-1.44-8.el7.noarch.rpm                                                                                                                                                        | 9.9 kB  00:00:00     
(2/26): fontconfig-2.10.95-11.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                                 | 229 kB  00:00:00     
(3/26): gd-2.0.35-26.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                                          | 146 kB  00:00:00     
(4/26): libX11-1.6.5-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                                        | 606 kB  00:00:00     
(5/26): libX11-common-1.6.5-1.el7.noarch.rpm                                                                                                                                                                 | 164 kB  00:00:00     
(6/26): libXau-1.0.8-2.1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                                      |  29 kB  00:00:00     
(7/26): libXpm-3.5.12-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                                       |  55 kB  00:00:00     
(8/26): libjpeg-turbo-1.2.90-5.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                                | 134 kB  00:00:00     
(9/26): libpng-1.5.13-7.el7_2.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                                     | 213 kB  00:00:00     
(10/26): libunwind-1.2-2.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                                      |  57 kB  00:00:00     
(11/26): libxcb-1.12-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                                        | 211 kB  00:00:00     
(12/26): libxslt-1.1.28-5.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                                     | 242 kB  00:00:00     
warning: /root/mypackages/lyx-fonts-2.2.3-1.el7.noarch.rpm.12470.tmp: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 352c64e5: NOKEY
Public key for lyx-fonts-2.2.3-1.el7.noarch.rpm.12470.tmp is not installed
(13/26): lyx-fonts-2.2.3-1.el7.noarch.rpm                                                                                                                                                                    | 159 kB  00:00:00     
(14/26): GeoIP-1.5.0-11.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                                       | 1.1 MB  00:00:01     
(15/26): nginx-filesystem-1.12.2-1.el7.noarch.rpm                                                                                                                                                            |  17 kB  00:00:00     
(16/26): nginx-mod-http-image-filter-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                 |  26 kB  00:00:00     
(17/26): nginx-all-modules-1.12.2-1.el7.noarch.rpm                                                                                                                                                           |  16 kB  00:00:00     
(18/26): nginx-mod-http-perl-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                         |  35 kB  00:00:00     
(19/26): nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                  |  25 kB  00:00:00     
(20/26): nginx-mod-stream-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                            |  76 kB  00:00:00     
(21/26): nginx-mod-mail-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                              |  53 kB  00:00:00     
(22/26): nginx-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                                       | 529 kB  00:00:01     
(23/26): openssl-1.0.2k-8.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                                     | 492 kB  00:00:00     
(24/26): openssl-libs-1.0.2k-8.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                                | 1.2 MB  00:00:00     
(25/26): nginx-mod-http-geoip-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                        |  23 kB  00:00:01     
(26/26): gperftools-libs-2.4-8.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                                | 272 kB  00:00:13     
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                                                                                                                                                               438 kB/s | 6.0 MB  00:00:13     
exiting because "Download Only" specified
View Code

現在去你指定的目錄位置下,你將會看到那里有下載好的軟件包和依賴的軟件。在我這種情況下,我已經把軟件包下載到 /root/mypackages/ 目錄下。
 
讓我們來查看一下內容:

[root@node76 ~]# ls mypackages/
fontconfig-2.10.95-11.el7.x86_64.rpm           libpng-1.5.13-7.el7_2.x86_64.rpm      libXpm-3.5.12-1.el7.x86_64.rpm             nginx-mod-http-geoip-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64.rpm         openssl-1.0.2k-8.el7.x86_64.rpm
fontpackages-filesystem-1.44-8.el7.noarch.rpm  libunwind-1.2-2.el7.x86_64.rpm        libxslt-1.1.28-5.el7.x86_64.rpm            nginx-mod-http-image-filter-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64.rpm  openssl-libs-1.0.2k-8.el7.x86_64.rpm
gd-2.0.35-26.el7.x86_64.rpm                    libX11-1.6.5-1.el7.x86_64.rpm         lyx-fonts-2.2.3-1.el7.noarch.rpm           nginx-mod-http-perl-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
GeoIP-1.5.0-11.el7.x86_64.rpm                  libX11-common-1.6.5-1.el7.noarch.rpm  nginx-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64.rpm              nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
gperftools-libs-2.4-8.el7.x86_64.rpm           libXau-1.0.8-2.1.el7.x86_64.rpm       nginx-all-modules-1.12.2-1.el7.noarch.rpm  nginx-mod-mail-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
libjpeg-turbo-1.2.90-5.el7.x86_64.rpm          libxcb-1.12-1.el7.x86_64.rpm          nginx-filesystem-1.12.2-1.el7.noarch.rpm   nginx-mod-stream-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

正如你在上面輸出所看到的, nginx軟件包已經被依據所有依賴性下載完成了 。
 
請注意,這個插件適用於 yum install/yum update, 但是並不適用於 yum groupinstall。默認情況下,這個插件將會下載倉庫中最新可用的軟件包。然而你可以通過指定版本號來下載某個特定的軟件版本。

例子:

yum install --downloadonly --downloaddir=/root/mypackages/ httpd-2.2.6-40.el7

此外,你也可以如下一次性下載多個包:

yum install --downloadonly --downloaddir=/root/mypackages/ httpd vsftpd

方法 2 使用 "Yumdownloader"工具來下載 RPM 軟件包及其所有依賴包

“Yumdownloader” 是一款簡單,但是卻十分有用的命令行工具,它可以一次性下載任何 RPM 軟件包及其所有依賴包。

以 root 身份運行如下命令安裝 “Yumdownloader” 工具。

yum install yum-utils

一旦安裝完成,運行如下命令去下載一個軟件包,例如 httpd:

yumdownloader httpd

為了根據所有依賴性下載軟件包,我們使用 --resolve 參數:

yumdownloader --resolve httpd

默認情況下,Yumdownloader 將會下載軟件包到當前工作目錄下。

為了將軟件下載到一個特定的目錄下,我們使用 --destdir 參數:

yumdownloader --resolve --destdir=/root/mypackages/ httpd

或者:

yumdownloader --resolve --destdir /root/mypackages/ httpd

終端輸出:

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: centos.excellmedia.net
 * epel: epel.mirror.angkasa.id
 * extras: centos.excellmedia.net
 * updates: centos.excellmedia.net
--> Running transaction check
---> Package httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-40.el7.centos.4 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: httpd-tools = 2.4.6-40.el7.centos.4 for package: httpd-2.4.6-40.el7.centos.4.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: /etc/mime.types for package: httpd-2.4.6-40.el7.centos.4.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libaprutil-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.6-40.el7.centos.4.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libapr-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.6-40.el7.centos.4.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-3.el7 will be installed
---> Package apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7 will be installed
---> Package httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-40.el7.centos.4 will be installed
---> Package mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.41-2.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
(1/5): apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64.rpm | 92 kB 00:00:01 
(2/5): mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch.rpm | 31 kB 00:00:02 
(3/5): apr-1.4.8-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 103 kB 00:00:02 
(4/5): httpd-tools-2.4.6-40.el7.centos.4.x86_64.rpm | 83 kB 00:00:03 
(5/5): httpd-2.4.6-40.el7.centos.4.x86_64.rpm | 2.7 MB 00:00:19
View Code

讓我們確認一下軟件包是否被下載到我們指定的目錄下:

ll /root/mypackages/
apr-1.4.8-3.el7.x86_64.rpm
apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64.rpm
httpd-2.4.6-40.el7.centos.4.x86_64.rpm
httpd-tools-2.4.6-40.el7.centos.4.x86_64.rpm
mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch.rpm

不像 Downloadonly 插件,Yumdownload 可以下載一組相關的軟件包。

yumdownloader "@Development Tools" --resolve --destdir /root/mypackages/

 


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