Spring Boot Maven Plugin打包異常及三種解決方法:Unable to find main class


【背景】spring-boot項目,打包成可執行jar,項目內有兩個帶有main方法的類並且都使用了@SpringBootApplication注解(或者另一種情形:你有兩個main方法並且所在類都沒有使用@SpringBootApplication注解),pom.xml如下

<plugin>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>1.5.3.RELEASE</version>
    <executions>
        <execution>
            <goals>
                <goal>repackage</goal>
            </goals>
        </execution>
    </executions>
</plugin>

 

【問題】

  • 執行mvn clean package,報錯如下(說點不相關的,使用install同理。因為spring-boot:repackage目標(goal)(下文會說)被綁定在package構建階段(phases),而package階段在install階段之前,指定構建階段之前的階段都會執行。詳細參見:Introduction to the Build Lifecycle

  [ERROR] Failed to execute goal org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-maven-plugin:1.5.3.RELEASE:repackage (default) on project webapps-api-bid: Execution default of goal org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-maven-plugin:1.5.3.RELEASE:repackage failed: Unable to find a single main class from the following candidates [com.xx.api.main.ApiBidMain, com.xx.webapps.api.main.WebappsApiBidMain]

  • 執行mvn clean package spring-boot:repackage,報錯如下,不如上面日志詳細

  [ERROR] Failed to execute goal org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-maven-plugin:1.5.3.RELEASE:repackage (default) on project webapps-api-bid: Execution default of goal org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-maven-plugin:1.5.3.RELEASE:repackage failed: Unable to find main class

 

 

【解決】

  Note:參考官網描述,沒有指定<mainClass>或者繼承了spring-boot-starter-parent並且<start-class>屬性未配置時,會自動尋找簽名是public static void main(String[] args)的方法... 所以插件懵逼了,兩個妹子和誰在一起呢...

 

  • [推薦] 通用解決方法<configuration>下配置mainClass,指定程序入口。
<plugin>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>1.5.3.RELEASE</version>
    <configuration>
        <mainClass>com.xx.webapps.api.main.WebappsApiBidMain</mainClass>
    </configuration>
    <executions>
        <execution>
            <goals>
                <goal>repackage</goal>
            </goals>
        </execution>
    </executions>
</plugin>

 

  Spring Boot Maven Plugin提供了幾個目標(goal),我們在<executions>標簽里配置的<goal>repackage</goal>對應spring-boot:repackage這個目標。

  • repackage: create a jar or war file that is auto-executable. It can replace the regular artifact or can be attached to the build lifecyle with a separate classifier.
  • run: run your Spring Boot application with several options to pass parameters to it.
  • start and stop: integrate your Spring Boot application to the integration-test phase so that the application starts before it.

  The plugin rewrites your manifest, and in particular it manages the Main-Class and Start-Class entries, so if the defaults don't work you have to configure those there (not in the jar plugin). The Main-Class in the manifest is actually controlled by the layout property of the boot plugin

  [譯] 該插件重寫了清單文件(MANIFEST.MF,也就是jar里面的清單文件),此文件管理着主類(Main-Class)和開始類(Start-Class)入口。清單文件中的Main-Class由layout控制

  這里的Start-Class就是我們配置的<mainClass>,而Main-Class受layout屬性的控制,別被名字搞亂了(是不是很詭異?看看解決方法二就明白為啥如此詭異了).... 來張圖直觀的感受下,對應使用上面xml配置打包后的清單文件(MANIFEST.MF):

  

 

 

  layout屬性默認不需要配置,插件會自動推斷。不同的layout屬性清單文件里面的Main-Class也會相應的不同。比如layout不配置或者配置為JAR對應的Main-Class是JarLauncher,layout配置為WAR對應的Main-Class是WarLauncher。

 

  • [有限制條件] 解決方法二如果你的pom繼承自spring-boot-starter-parent(注意此前提),也可以直接在<properties>配置<start-class>(其實這里的start-class直接對應清單文件里的Start-Class)
<properties>
    <start-class>com.xx.webapps.api.main.WebappsApiBidMain</start-class>
</properties>

 

  • 解決方法三:打包的的時候注釋掉其他的@SpringBootApplication... 或者你有兩處main方法並且都沒有使用@SpringBootApplication注解,注釋掉一個main方法..... 這就是第三種解決方法233333

 

 

【隨便說說】

  說說spring-boot:repackage這個目標。Spring Boot Maven Plugin這個插件包含一系列目標(goal),我們在<executions>標簽里配置的<goal>repackage</goal>對應spring-boot:repackage這個目標,看下官方介紹

  spring-boot:repackage repackages your jar/war to be executable.

  Repackages existing JAR and WAR archives so that they can be executed from the command line using java -jar. With layout=NONE can also be used simply to package a JAR with nested dependencies (and no main class, so not executable).

 

  簡單點說,這貨重新打包個可執行的jar/war,可以在命令行使用-jar執行。如果指定layout為NONE那就沒有主類只是打個普通的jar(不可執行),一般不會這么做。

  一般情況,這個目標會打一個新的jar/war,並把maven默認打的jar/war添加.original后綴,在target目錄下可以看到:

  

 

 【參考】

1.https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current-SNAPSHOT/reference/htmlsingle/#build-tool-plugins-maven-packaging

2.https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/2.0.0.BUILD-SNAPSHOT/maven-plugin//repackage-mojo.html

3.https://stackoverflow.com/questions/23217002/how-do-i-tell-spring-boot-which-main-class-to-use-for-the-executable-jar


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