首先從https://hub.docker.com/_/mysql/拉取官方鏡像，如果速度緩慢，建議添加國內加速
[root@docker ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE mysql latest 5709795eeffa 4 days ago 408MB
查看如何使用mysql鏡像啟動一個container：
docker run --name some-mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=my-secret-pw -d mysql:tag
-e：設置環境變量
MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD這個變量是強制性的，需要指定密碼，如果沒有設置此變量的值，那么創建container不會成功
MYSQL_USER：為MySQL服務創建一個用戶（可選變量）
MYSQL_PASSWORD：為創建的用戶給定密碼（可選變量，與上面變量連用）
MYSQL_ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD：指定允許mysql使用空密碼（針對的是MySQL服務的root用戶的密碼）
MYSQL_DATABASE：為MySQL中創建庫，指定庫名稱
更多其他變量查看：https://hub.docker.com/_/mysql/
[root@docker ~]# docker run --name=mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=redhat -d mysql [root@docker ~]# docker exec -it mysql /bin/bash root@c240bb45b889:/# mysql -uroot -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 5 Server version: 5.7.20 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql>
指定可以使用空密碼，然后不設置root密碼：
[root@docker ~]# docker run -d --name=mysql -e MYSQL_ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD=yes mysql 9c9b61491d9c5f035a32c3ccbe8832ac025676051cc6513159d7bd7cec327d6e [root@docker ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 9c9b61491d9c mysql "docker-entrypoint..." 3 seconds ago Up 2 seconds 3306/tcp mysql
然后登錄到mysql中：
[root@docker ~]# docker exec -it mysql /bin/bash root@9c9b61491d9c:/# mysql Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 3 Server version: 5.7.20 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql>
映射端口到本機host，然后進行-h host進行登錄：
[root@docker ~]# docker run -d --name=mysql -p3306:3306 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=redhat mysql 19c8d047c38d445ca114433ef13f56921106b582e563d5763da61c5c8f48e898 [root@docker ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 19c8d047c38d mysql "docker-entrypoint..." 4 seconds ago Up 3 seconds 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp mysql
使用mysql -uroot -p -h 192.168.101.14進行登錄：
[root@docker ~]# docker exec -it mysql /bin/bash root@19c8d047c38d:/# mysql -uroot -p -h192.168.101.14 Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 3 Server version: 5.7.20 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql>
啟動容器時，掛載映射數據庫數據目錄：
[root@docker ~]# docker run -d --name=mysql -p3306:3306 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=redhat -v /data/mysql:/var/lib/mysql mysql a6f5ff4550fb13ae767cc1e1e37e344c33f90592dc19b2d2ddc80c5e6b842bf1 [root@docker ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES a6f5ff4550fb mysql "docker-entrypoint..." 4 seconds ago Up 2 seconds 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp mysql
查看映射到本機host的數據目錄：
[root@docker ~]# ll /data/mysql/ total 188484 -rw-r-----. 1 systemd-bus-proxy input 56 Nov 9 14:58 auto.cnf -rw-------. 1 systemd-bus-proxy input 1679 Nov 9 14:58 ca-key.pem -rw-r--r--. 1 systemd-bus-proxy input 1107 Nov 9 14:58 ca.pem -rw-r--r--. 1 systemd-bus-proxy input 1107 Nov 9 14:58 client-cert.pem -rw-------. 1 systemd-bus-proxy input 1675 Nov 9 14:58 client-key.pem -rw-r-----. 1 systemd-bus-proxy input 1321 Nov 9 14:58 ib_buffer_pool -rw-r-----. 1 systemd-bus-proxy input 79691776 Nov 9 14:58 ibdata1 -rw-r-----. 1 systemd-bus-proxy input 50331648 Nov 9 14:58 ib_logfile0 -rw-r-----. 1 systemd-bus-proxy input 50331648 Nov 9 14:58 ib_logfile1 -rw-r-----. 1 systemd-bus-proxy input 12582912 Nov 9 14:58 ibtmp1 drwxr-x---. 2 systemd-bus-proxy input 4096 Nov 9 14:58 mysql drwxr-x---. 2 systemd-bus-proxy input 8192 Nov 9 14:58 performance_schema -rw-------. 1 systemd-bus-proxy input 1679 Nov 9 14:58 private_key.pem -rw-r--r--. 1 systemd-bus-proxy input 451 Nov 9 14:58 public_key.pem -rw-r--r--. 1 systemd-bus-proxy input 1107 Nov 9 14:58 server-cert.pem -rw-------. 1 systemd-bus-proxy input 1679 Nov 9 14:58 server-key.pem drwxr-x---. 2 systemd-bus-proxy input 8192 Nov 9 14:58 sys
當啟動容器時，給MySQL服務創建一個數據庫wordpress，創建一個用戶wordpress，並指定密碼wordpress：
[root@docker ~]# docker run -d --name=mysql -p3306:3306 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=redhat -v /data/mysql:/var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_DATABASE=wordpress -e MYSQL_USER=wordpress -e MYSQL_PASSWORD=wordpress mysql 4ec8d2d23af884a90aed4e8f5ffd81a7beaa7a3e65065dfdaba49056880d985a [root@docker ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 4ec8d2d23af8 mysql "docker-entrypoint..." 4 seconds ago Up 3 seconds 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp mysql
驗證創建的結果：
root@b5f97b989c51:/# mysql -uroot -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 3 Server version: 5.7.20 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | | wordpress | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select user from mysql.user; +-----------+ | user | +-----------+ | root | | wordpress | | mysql.sys | | root | +-----------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql>
當這次創建的時候，必須先將上次創建的數據目錄進行刪除掉，因為如果不刪除的話，還是上次創建container時的那次的數據
根據上面的一些操作可以明顯的了解到，利用官方鏡像啟動容器然后執行sql必須麻煩，所以為了需求需要將鏡像進行自定義擴容，能夠在官方鏡像上執行sql等其他需求
[root@docker mysql]# tree . ├── business.sql ├── Dockerfile ├── mysqld.cnf └── setup.sh
查看Dockerfile文件：
[root@docker mysql]# cat Dockerfile FROM mysql MAINTAINER json_hc@163.com ENV MYSQL_ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD yes COPY mysqld.cnf /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf COPY business.sql /root/business.sql COPY setup.sh /root/setup.sh RUN chmod +x /root/setup.sh EXPOSE 3306 ENTRYPOINT ["/root/setup.sh"]
Dockerfile中基於官方MySQL鏡像，目前是MySQL5.7的版本，所以MySQL軟件不需要進行安裝，根據上一篇自定義構建MySQL的原理，可以知道在MySQL服務安裝好的情況下
編寫shell腳本重新將MySQL服務進行初始化，然后在啟動和關閉數據庫服務起降執行所需要的sql，最后前台執行MySQL進程就行
在最開始有一個ENV MYSQL_ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD yes環境變量的設置，這是由於官方的MySQL鏡像必須進行二選一進行root用戶的密碼要求
於是Dockerfile就是將需要執行的sql和shell腳本以及配置文件進行了copy
查看setup.sh這個shell腳本：
[root@docker mysql]# cat setup.sh #!/bin/sh chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql #mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/var/lib/mysql > /dev/null mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql > /dev/null mysqld --user=mysql & sleep 5 mysql < /root/business.sql sleep 5 ps -wef | grep mysql | grep -v grep | awk '{print $2}' | xargs kill -9 mysqld --user=mysql
由於MySQL5.6和MySQL5.7初始化的過程不一樣，默認情況下MySQL5.7初始化會生成一個root用戶的隨機密碼，可以使用--initialize-insecure進行初始化使root用戶
的密碼為空，達到初始化的目的
查看business.sql
[root@docker mysql]# cat business.sql grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'root'; create database wordpress DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8; USE mysql; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION; FLUSH PRIVILEGES; UPDATE user SET password=PASSWORD("root") WHERE user='root'; FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
查看配置文件
[root@docker mysql]# cat mysqld.cnf [mysqld] pid-file = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock datadir = /var/lib/mysql log-error = /var/log/mysql/error.log # By default we only accept connections from localhost bind-address = 0.0.0.0
COPY mysqld.cnf /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf這是官方配置文件的所在地
最后進行構建：
[root@docker mysql]# docker build -t mysql:v1 .
[root@docker mysql]# docker run -d --name=mysql -p3306:3306 -v /data/mysql:/var/lib/mysql mysql:v1 9a7509d3f48eba1a67ec690db652c5b73cbcc88c96ff871701c0ef7becc3ecc4 [root@docker mysql]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 9a7509d3f48e mysql:v1 "/root/setup.sh" 3 seconds ago Up 2 seconds 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp mysql
驗證business.sql的內容：
[root@docker mysql]# docker exec -it mysql /bin/bash root@9a7509d3f48e:/# mysql -uroot -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 3 Server version: 5.7.20 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | | wordpress | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql>
映射並掛載到本機host的數據目錄：（掛載之前刪掉/data/mysql，避免遺留的是上次掛載的數據）
[root@docker ~]# ll /data/mysql/ total 122916 -rw-r-----. 1 systemd-bus-proxy input 56 Nov 9 15:22 auto.cnf -rw-r-----. 1 systemd-bus-proxy input 419 Nov 9 15:22 ib_buffer_pool -rw-r-----. 1 systemd-bus-proxy input 12582912 Nov 9 15:22 ibdata1 -rw-r-----. 1 systemd-bus-proxy input 50331648 Nov 9 15:22 ib_logfile0 -rw-r-----. 1 systemd-bus-proxy input 50331648 Nov 9 15:22 ib_logfile1 -rw-r-----. 1 systemd-bus-proxy input 12582912 Nov 9 15:22 ibtmp1 drwxr-x---. 2 systemd-bus-proxy input 4096 Nov 9 15:22 mysql drwxr-x---. 2 systemd-bus-proxy input 8192 Nov 9 15:22 performance_schema drwxr-x---. 2 systemd-bus-proxy input 8192 Nov 9 15:22 sys drwxr-x---. 2 systemd-bus-proxy input 20 Nov 9 15:22 wordpress
配置文件和sql語句都可以根據業務進行替換，然后在MySQL鏡像的基礎上進行構建
該構建項目在GitHub：https://github.com/jsonhc/docker_project/tree/master/docker_dockerfile/mysql