docker-machine 是docker官方提供的docker管理工具。
通過docker-machine可以輕松的做到：
在Windows平台和MAC平台安裝和運行docker
搭建和管理多個docker 主機
搭建swarm集群
環境win下面安裝的virtualbox，virtualbox安裝的centos7，網絡模式NAT+hostonly
ip：192.168.56.102（hostonly）
1、安裝docker-machine：
curl -L https://github.com/docker/machine/releases/download/v0.13.0/docker-machine-`uname -s`-`uname -m` >/tmp/docker-machine && chmod +x /tmp/docker-machine && sudo cp /tmp/docker-machine /usr/local/bin/docker-machine
2、查看docker-machine版本：
# docker-machine version [root@docker ~]# docker-machine version docker-machine version 0.13.0, build 9ba6da9
3、在centos7環境下創建machine：
[root@localhost ~]# docker-machine create -d virtualbox default Creating CA: /root/.docker/machine/certs/ca.pem Creating client certificate: /root/.docker/machine/certs/cert.pem Running pre-create checks... Error with pre-create check: "VBoxManage not found. Make sure VirtualBox is installed and VBoxManage is in the path"
但是卻報錯了，以為virtualbox安裝的centos7環境支持的是virtualbox驅動，才發現環境安裝支持virtualbox驅動
使用virtualbox驅動需要安裝virtualbox，而Ubuntu的解決方法為：
於是采用generic驅動，具體介紹查看官網：https://docs.docker.com/machine/drivers/generic/
[root@localhost ~]# docker-machine create -d generic --generic-ip-address=192.168.56.102 --generic-ssh-key ~/.ssh/id_rsa --generic-ssh-user=root vm
Running pre-create checks...
Creating machine...
(vm) Importing SSH key...
Waiting for machine to be running, this may take a few minutes...
Detecting operating system of created instance...
Waiting for SSH to be available...
Error creating machine: Error detecting OS: Too many retries waiting for SSH to be available. Last error: Maximum number of retries (60) exceeded
--generic-ip-address=192.168.56.102：這里的ip是指本機，如果需要為其他遠程docker主機安裝可以改為其他docker主機ip（這里是本地創建docker-machine）
依然報錯，這是由於docker-machine為本機創建machine時也需要進行ssh認證：
[root@localhost ~]# ssh-keygen [root@localhost ~]# ssh-copy-id root@192.168.56.102
將密碼發給自己，然后重新繼續創建machine：
[root@localhost ~]# docker-machine create -d generic --generic-ip-address=192.168.56.102 --generic-ssh-key ~/.ssh/id_rsa --generic-ssh-user=root vm Running pre-create checks... Creating machine... (vm) Importing SSH key... Waiting for machine to be running, this may take a few minutes... Detecting operating system of created instance... Waiting for SSH to be available... Detecting the provisioner... Provisioning with centos... Copying certs to the local machine directory... Copying certs to the remote machine... Setting Docker configuration on the remote daemon... Checking connection to Docker... Docker is up and running! To see how to connect your Docker Client to the Docker Engine running on this virtual machine, run: docker-machine env vm
於是終於創建machine成功了
查看docker-machine：
[root@localhost ~]# docker-machine ls NAME ACTIVE DRIVER STATE URL SWARM DOCKER ERRORS vm - generic Running tcp://192.168.56.102:2376 v17.09.0-ce
查看vm的環境變量：
[root@localhost ~]# docker-machine env vm export DOCKER_TLS_VERIFY="1" export DOCKER_HOST="tcp://192.168.56.102:2376" export DOCKER_CERT_PATH="/root/.docker/machine/machines/vm" export DOCKER_MACHINE_NAME="vm" # Run this command to configure your shell: # eval $(docker-machine env vm)
加載環境變量：
[root@localhost ~]# eval $(docker-machine env vm)
利用ssh登錄到machine中：
[root@localhost ~]# docker-machine ssh --help Usage: docker-machine ssh [arg...] Log into or run a command on a machine with SSH. Description: Arguments are [machine-name] [command] [root@localhost ~]# docker-machine ssh vm Last login: Sat Nov 4 17:55:53 2017 from 192.168.56.102 [root@vm ~]#
現在在本地環境創建一個容器啟動：
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d --name=nginx nginx [root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 6e62975fab90 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon ..." About a minute ago Up 59 seconds 80/tcp nginx
然后ssh遠程到docker-machine中：
[root@localhost ~]# docker-machine ssh vm Last login: Sat Nov 4 18:13:27 2017 from 192.168.56.102 [root@vm ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 6e62975fab90 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon ..." About a minute ago Up About a minute 80/tcp nginx
可以看見docker主機和docker-machine主機里面的容器id相同
利用docker-machine能夠安裝docker和創建容器
上面是本地為自己創建machine，現在為遠程的docker主機創建docker-machine：
環境：centos7，192.168.101.14，vmware下面安裝的docker以及docker-machine，為192.168.56.102這台docker主機創建machine：
（兩個ip不同進行了轉發所以可以訪問（前面是vm下面的nat的靜態ip，后面是virtualbox的兩張網卡（nat和host only）））
1、首先將192.168.101.14和主機192.168.56.102進行ssh連接認證：
[root@docker ~]# ssh-keygen [root@docker ~]# ssh-copy-id root@192.168.56.102
2、創建machine：
[root@docker ~]# docker-machine create -d generic --generic-ip-address=192.168.56.102 --generic-ssh-key ~/.ssh/id_rsa --generic-ssh-user=root default Creating CA: /root/.docker/machine/certs/ca.pem Creating client certificate: /root/.docker/machine/certs/cert.pem Running pre-create checks... Creating machine... (default) Importing SSH key... Waiting for machine to be running, this may take a few minutes... Detecting operating system of created instance... Waiting for SSH to be available... Detecting the provisioner... Provisioning with centos... Copying certs to the local machine directory... Copying certs to the remote machine... Setting Docker configuration on the remote daemon... Checking connection to Docker... Docker is up and running! To see how to connect your Docker Client to the Docker Engine running on this virtual machine, run: docker-machine env default
執行環境變量，進入到machine環境：
[root@docker ~]# docker-machine env default [root@docker ~]# eval $(docker-machine env default)
3、查看創建的machine：
[root@docker ~]# docker-machine ls NAME ACTIVE DRIVER STATE URL SWARM DOCKER ERRORS default - generic Running tcp://192.168.56.102:2376 v17.09.0-ce
可以看見在192.168.101.14環境上為遠程主機192.168.56.102創建的machine
4、創建容器：
[root@docker ~]# docker run -d --name=nginx nginx（本地沒有nginx鏡像） b1f08986f6d5dbb1ede699e915bde734bab278fbe70f93af06ec2267fae2fef3 [root@docker ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES b1f08986f6d5 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon ..." 4 seconds ago Up 3 seconds 80/tcp nginx
5、ssh到machine：
[root@docker ~]# docker-machine ssh default Last login: Sat Nov 4 18:51:49 2017 from 192.168.56.1 [root@default ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES b1f08986f6d5 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon ..." 23 seconds ago Up 22 seconds 80/tcp nginx
現在查看遠程主機是否創建了容器：
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a could not read CA certificate "/root/.docker/machine/machines/default/ca.pem": open /root/.docker/machine/machines/default/ca.pem: no such file or directory
報錯原因：
由於剛剛在192.168.56.102為自己設置了machine，保留了之前machine的環境變量，雖然現在刪除了，但是設置了環境變量，將剛剛設置的環境變量取消：
[root@localhost ~]# unset DOCKER_TLS_VERIFY [root@localhost ~]# unset DOCKER_CERT_PATH [root@localhost ~]# unset DOCKER_MACHINE_NAME [root@localhost ~]# unset DOCKER_HOST
然后重新查看：
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES b1f08986f6d5 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon ..." 8 minutes ago Up 8 minutes 80/tcp nginx
可以發現，為遠程主機創建容器成功
現在192.168.101.14上面存在鏡像centos_nginx:v4，而遠程主機192.168.56.102沒有該鏡像，現在創建容器，看是否遠程主機能夠創建成功？
[root@docker ~]# docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/wadeson/jsonhc:v4 [root@docker ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE nginx latest b72d63324dbb 13 hours ago 108MB registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/wadeson/jsonhc v4 6c5128aaff05 2 days ago 464MB
然后在遠程主機查看：
[root@localhost ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE nginx latest b72d63324dbb 13 hours ago 108MB registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/wadeson/jsonhc v4 6c5128aaff05 2 days ago 464MB
可以看見兩主機的鏡像同步，也是容器也是同步的
vm下面的docker可以為virtualbox下面的docker創建容器
而更多的是本地可以為雲等其他環境創建容器，通過docker-machine
在這之前192.168.101.14的images都不見了，那是因為設置machine環境變量：
unset DOCKER_TLS_VERIFY
unset DOCKER_CERT_PATH
unset DOCKER_MACHINE_NAME
unset DOCKER_HOST
執行上面將machine的環境變量取消就可以返回原來的環境了：
[root@docker ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE centos_init v1 383ff3502443 26 hours ago 448MB centos_nginx v8 6f792dc07c35 2 days ago 464MB centos_nginx v7 9e875385d6be 2 days ago 464MB centos_nginx v6 959fdf4d4288 2 days ago 464MB centos_nginx v5 5c1131306686 2 days ago 464MB registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/wadeson/jsonhc v4 6c5128aaff05 2 days ago 464MB 192.168.101.14:5000/centos_nginx v4 6c5128aaff05 2 days ago 464MB centos_nginx v4 6c5128aaff05 2 days ago 464MB centos_nginx v3 0e49a2c0562f 2 days ago 464MB centos_nginx v2 2031faf8894a 2 days ago 464MB centos_nginx v1 78d18f16e757 3 days ago 464MB registry latest 2ba7189700c8 9 days ago 33.3MB ubuntu latest 747cb2d60bbe 3 weeks ago 122MB centos latest 196e0ce0c9fb 7 weeks ago 197MB
而如果需要返回machine環境就繼續執行machine環境變量就行，這種方式很好的隔離了本地和遠程鏡像和容器