數據庫操作之Spring JDBCTemplate（postgresql）

本文總結了兩種使用JDBCTemplate進行數據庫CRUD操作的例子，我用的是pg，廢話不說，直接開始吧。

先貼一張目錄結果圖吧：

上圖中最主要的是配置文件和所需的各種jar包。

一、通過屬性文件的.properties的方式

這種方法很簡單，也是最基本的，主要是從配置文件讀取數據庫連接信息，然后設置到數據源中，再將數據源設置到JdbcTemplate中，通過這個對象進行數據庫的CRUD操作。

1、配置文件config.properties

用來配置數據庫連接信息，我配置的都是一下基本信息

#數據庫地址
db.driverClassName = org.postgresql.Driver
db.url = jdbc:postgresql://127.0.0.1:5432/hcs
db.username = postgres
db.password =postgres
db.initialSize=5
db.maxActive=1000
db.maxIdle=200
db.minIdle=100
db.maxWait=100
db.validationQuery = select version()

2、獲取屬性文件config.properties

/**
     * 獲取屬性配置文件
     * @return
     */
    public Properties getProp(){
        InputStream is =  this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("config.properties");
        Properties prop = new Properties();
        try {
            prop.load(is);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return prop;
    }

3、創建數據源並獲取JdbcTemplate對象

/**
     * 創建數據源並獲取JdbcTemplate
     * @return
     */
    BasicDataSource basicDataSource = null;
    public JdbcTemplate getTemplate(){
        basicDataSource = new BasicDataSource();
        Properties pro = getProp();
        basicDataSource.setDriverClassName(pro.getProperty("db.driverClassName"));
        basicDataSource.setUrl(pro.getProperty("db.url"));
        basicDataSource.setUsername(pro.getProperty("db.username"));
        basicDataSource.setPassword(pro.getProperty("db.password"));
        basicDataSource.setValidationQuery(pro.getProperty("db.validationQuery"));
        basicDataSource.setInitialSize(50);
        basicDataSource.setMaxActive(100);
        basicDataSource.setMaxIdle(50);
        basicDataSource.setMinIdle(40);
        basicDataSource.setMaxWait(100);
        basicDataSource.setRemoveAbandoned(true);
        basicDataSource.setRemoveAbandonedTimeout(280);
        basicDataSource.setLogAbandoned(true);
        basicDataSource.setTestOnBorrow(true);
        JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate = new JdbcTemplate();
        jdbcTemplate.setDataSource(basicDataSource);
        return jdbcTemplate;
    }

4、增刪改查

增加

/**
     * 保存數據
     * @throws Exception 
     */
    public int saveData(){
        String id = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
        String sql = "INSERT INTO sys_user VALUES('"+id+"','111','111','111','111','111','111','111')";
        int save = 0;
        try {
            save = getTemplate().update(sql);
            close();
        } catch (DataAccessException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return save;
    }

修改

/**
     * 更新數據
     * @return
     */
    public int updateData(){
        String sql = "UPDATE sys_user SET user_name='hyc',user_login_name = 'hyc' WHERE user_id = ?";
        int update = getTemplate().update(sql,"222");
        close();
        return update;
    }

刪除

/**
     * 刪除數據
     * @return
     */
    public int deleteData(){
        String sql = "DELETE FROM sys_user WHERE user_id = ?";
        int delete = getTemplate().update(sql,"111");
        close();
        return delete;
    }

查詢

    /**
     * 查詢數據
     * @return
     */
    public long getData(){
        String sql = "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM sys_user";
        long result = getTemplate().queryForObject(sql, Long.class);
        close();
        return result;
    }

關閉連接方法close()

/**
     * 關閉連接
     */
    public void close(){
        if(null!=basicDataSource){
            try {
                basicDataSource.close();
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

 二、使用xml配置文件

這種方式就是純Spring方式，需要用到Spring的配置文件，通過IOC和AOP來new對象。

1、Spring配置文件bean.xml(名稱自定義，但必須是XML格式)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">

    <!-- IOC和DI的注解掃描 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.hyc" ></context:component-scan>

    <!-- 打開AOP的注解 -->
    <!-- 這里用的是中間的橫線而不是下划線 -->
    <!-- <aop:aspectj-autoproxy></aop:aspectj-autoproxy> -->

    <!--第一步：配置數據源  -->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource" >
        <property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:postgresql://127.0.0.1:5432/hcs"></property>
        <property name="driverClass" value="org.postgresql.Driver"></property>
        <property name="user" value="postgres"></property>
        <property name="password" value="hyc123"></property>
    </bean>

    <!-- 第二步：將數據源設置JdbcTemplate模板中 -->
    <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
    </bean>

    <!-- 第三步：在dao中注入JdbcTemplate模板 -->
    <bean id="sysUserDao" class="com.hyc.dao.SysUserDao">
        <property name="jdbcTemplate" ref="jdbcTemplate"></property>
    </bean>

    <!-- 第四步：在service中注入dao -->
    <bean id="sysUserService" class="com.hyc.service.SysUserService">
        <property name="sysUserDao" ref="sysUserDao"></property>
    </bean>

</beans>

2、創建dao層，將JdbcTemplate作為其屬性，並添加get和set方法，這樣就可以在dao層調用模板對象

/**
 * DAO層
 * 
 * @createtime 2017年10月31日 下午4:39:44
 * @description
 */
public class SysUserDao {

    private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;

    
    /**
     * @return the jdbcTemplate
     */
    public JdbcTemplate getJdbcTemplate() {
        return jdbcTemplate;
    }

    /**
     * @param jdbcTemplate
     *            the jdbcTemplate to set
     */
    public void setJdbcTemplate(JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate) {
        this.jdbcTemplate = jdbcTemplate;
    }
}

3、創建service層，並將dao層作為其屬性，提供get和set方法，這樣就可以在service中調用dao對象及其中的方法了

/***
 * service層
 * @createtime 2017年10月31日 下午4:39:31
 * @description
 */
public class SysUserService {
     
    private SysUserDao sysUserDao;

    
    /**
     * @return the sysUserDao
     */
    public SysUserDao getSysUserDao() {
        return sysUserDao;
    }


    /**
     * @param sysUserDao the sysUserDao to set
     */
    public void setSysUserDao(SysUserDao sysUserDao) {
        this.sysUserDao = sysUserDao;
    }
    
}

4、在DAO中調用JdbcTemplate對象進行數據庫的CRUD操作
增加

/**
     * 新增用戶
     * @param sysUser
     * @return
     */
    public int addUser(SysUser sysUser) {
        String sql = "INSERT INTO sys_user VALUES('" + sysUser.getUserId()
                + "','" + sysUser.getUserName() + "','"
                + sysUser.getUserRealName() + "','" + sysUser.getUserCode()
                + "','" + sysUser.getUserLoginName() + "','"
                + sysUser.getUserDeptId() + "','" + sysUser.getIsdepadmin()
                + "','" + sysUser.getFreecapacity() + "')";
        int save = 0;
        try {
            save = jdbcTemplate.update(sql);
        } catch (DataAccessException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return save;
    }

刪除

/**
     * 刪除用戶
     * @param userId
     * @return
     */
    public int delUser(String userId){
        String sql = "DELETE FROM sys_user WHERE user_id = ?";
        return jdbcTemplate.update(sql, "d83ea6cf-4f78-4fd4-ac4f-bb32ec706af5");
    }

修改

/**
     * 修改用戶信息
     * @param sysUser
     * @return
     */
    public int updateUser(SysUser sysUser){
        String sql = "UPDATE sys_user SET user_name=?,user_login_name = ? WHERE user_id = ?";
        return jdbcTemplate.update(sql, sysUser.getUserName(),sysUser.getUserLoginName(),sysUser.getUserId());
        
    }

查看

/**
     * 查看用戶
     * @param userId
     * @return
     */
    public Map<String, Object> viewUser(String userId){
        String sql = "SELECT * FROM sys_user WHERE user_id=?";
        return jdbcTemplate.queryForMap(sql,userId);
    }

5、在service層（業務邏輯層）通過dao對象進行調用數據庫操作相關的方法

    //增
    public int saveUser(SysUser sysUser){
        return sysUserDao.addUser(sysUser);
    }
    
    //刪
    public int delUser(String userId){
        return sysUserDao.delUser(userId);
    }
    
    //改
    public int updateUser(SysUser sysUser){
        return sysUserDao.updateUser(sysUser);
    }
    
    //查
    public Map<String, Object> viewUser(String userId){
        return sysUserDao.viewUser(userId);
    }

6、創建pojo對象，即service中的SysUser，也是數據庫表所映射的對象（ORM）
要提供所有屬性的get和set方法

package com.hyc.dao;

public class SysUser {
    private String userId;
    private String userName;
    private String userRealName;
    private String userCode;
    private String userLoginName;
    private String userDeptId;
    private String isdepadmin;
    private String freecapacity;

    /**
     * @return the userId
     */
    public String getUserId() {
        return userId;
    }

    /**
     * @param userId
     *            the userId to set
     */
    public void setUserId(String userId) {
        this.userId = userId;
    }

    /**
     * @return the userName
     */
    public String getUserName() {
        return userName;
    }

    /**
     * @param userName
     *            the userName to set
     */
    public void setUserName(String userName) {
        this.userName = userName;
    }

    /**
     * @return the userRealName
     */
    public String getUserRealName() {
        return userRealName;
    }

    /**
     * @param userRealName
     *            the userRealName to set
     */
    public void setUserRealName(String userRealName) {
        this.userRealName = userRealName;
    }

    /**
     * @return the userCode
     */
    public String getUserCode() {
        return userCode;
    }

    /**
     * @param userCode
     *            the userCode to set
     */
    public void setUserCode(String userCode) {
        this.userCode = userCode;
    }

    /**
     * @return the userLoginName
     */
    public String getUserLoginName() {
        return userLoginName;
    }

    /**
     * @param userLoginName
     *            the userLoginName to set
     */
    public void setUserLoginName(String userLoginName) {
        this.userLoginName = userLoginName;
    }

    /**
     * @return the userDeptId
     */
    public String getUserDeptId() {
        return userDeptId;
    }

    /**
     * @param userDeptId
     *            the userDeptId to set
     */
    public void setUserDeptId(String userDeptId) {
        this.userDeptId = userDeptId;
    }

    /**
     * @return the isdepadmin
     */
    public String getIsdepadmin() {
        return isdepadmin;
    }

    /**
     * @param isdepadmin
     *            the isdepadmin to set
     */
    public void setIsdepadmin(String isdepadmin) {
        this.isdepadmin = isdepadmin;
    }

    /**
     * @return the freecapacity
     */
    public String getFreecapacity() {
        return freecapacity;
    }

    /**
     * @param freecapacity
     *            the freecapacity to set
     */
    public void setFreecapacity(String freecapacity) {
        this.freecapacity = freecapacity;
    }

}

7、編寫單元測試用例，測試增刪改查
在增刪改查之前需要獲取service對象，而service對象是通過配置文件注入的，所以要通過配置文件的getBean方法獲取，這部分代碼數據全局變量，所以可以寫在junit的before方法中

獲取service對象

 

    ApplicationContext context = null;
    SysUserService sysUserService = null;
    @Before
    public void before(){
        context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml");
        sysUserService = context.getBean("sysUserService",SysUserService.class);
    }

 

測試增刪改查

//測試增加操作
    @Test
    public void testSaveUser(){
        SysUser sysUser= new SysUser();
        sysUser.setUserId(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
        sysUser.setUserName("hyc2");
        sysUser.setUserRealName("hyc2");
        sysUser.setUserCode("sss");
        sysUser.setUserLoginName("hyc2");
        sysUser.setUserDeptId("ddd");
        sysUser.setIsdepadmin("1");
        sysUser.setFreecapacity("20");
        int save = sysUserService.saveUser(sysUser);
        System.out.println(save==1?"保存成功":"保存失敗");
    }
    
    //測試刪除操作
    @Test
    public void testDelUser(){
        int del = sysUserService.delUser("4436b3c2-381f-4bc3-8a4c-0a935b30af68");
        System.out.println(del==1?"刪除成功":"刪除失敗");
    }
    
    //測試修改操作
    @Test
    public void testUpdateUser(){
        SysUser sysUser= new SysUser();
        sysUser.setUserId("441c0c98-f150-45f2-84ca-c0be1b944275");
        sysUser.setUserName("hyc222");
        sysUser.setUserRealName("hyc222");
        sysUser.setUserCode("sss22");
        sysUser.setUserLoginName("hyc222");
        sysUser.setUserDeptId("ddd");
        sysUser.setIsdepadmin("1");
        sysUser.setFreecapacity("20");
        int update = sysUserService.updateUser(sysUser);
        System.out.println(update==1?"修改成功":"修改失敗");
    }
    
    //測試查詢操作
    @Test
    public void testViewUser(){
        Map<String, Object> sysUser = sysUserService.viewUser("222");
        System.out.println("用戶名是:"+sysUser.get("user_name"));
    }

以上就是所有內容，已經測試，如果按照步驟即可跑起來，但是我的CRUD都是最簡單的，主要是介紹這兩種方法的框架搭建。

推薦一篇比較好的博客：----->http://www.cnblogs.com/tuhooo/p/6491913.html，作者在對xml配置文件中配置原理部分的描述比較通俗易懂，可借鑒。