一.前言
我們在使用EF進行開發的時候,肯定會遇到將遷移更新到生產數據庫這個問題,前面寫了一篇文章介紹了Entity Framework Core 2.0的入門使用,這里面介紹了使用命令生成遷移所需的SQL,然后更新到生產數據庫的方法。這里還有另一種方法,就是利用EF Core自身所提供的方法來進行遷移。
二.API說明
這些方法都是DatabaseFacade的擴展方法,我們常使用的DbContext.Database就是DatabaseFacade類型。
GetMigrations
獲取所有遷移
/// <summary>
/// Gets all the migrations that are defined in the configured migrations assembly.
/// </summary>
public static IEnumerable<string> GetMigrations([NotNull] this DatabaseFacade databaseFacade)
GetPendingMigrations
獲取待遷移列表
/// <summary>
/// Gets all migrations that are defined in the assembly but haven't been applied to the target database.
/// </summary>
public static IEnumerable<string> GetPendingMigrations([NotNull] this DatabaseFacade databaseFacade)
GetAppliedMigrations
獲取執行了遷移的列表
/// <summary>
/// Gets all migrations that have been applied to the target database.
/// </summary>
public static IEnumerable<string> GetAppliedMigrations([NotNull] this DatabaseFacade databaseFacade)
Migrate
執行遷移
/// <summary>
/// <para>
/// Applies any pending migrations for the context to the database. Will create the database
/// if it does not already exist.
/// </para>
/// <para>
/// Note that this API is mutually exclusive with DbContext.Database.EnsureCreated(). EnsureCreated does not use migrations
/// to create the database and therefore the database that is created cannot be later updated using migrations.
/// </para>
/// </summary>
/// <param name="databaseFacade"> The <see cref="T:Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Infrastructure.DatabaseFacade" /> for the context. </param>
public static void Migrate([NotNull] this DatabaseFacade databaseFacade)
三.實現自動遷移
我們可以利用上面的方法,讓程序在啟動的時候檢查是否有待遷移,如果有那么執行遷移。這里以一個.NET Core 控制台應用程序作為示例:
1.定義一個檢查遷移的方法
/// <summary>
/// 檢查遷移
/// </summary>
/// <param name="db"></param>
static void CheckMigrations(BloggingContext db)
{
Console.WriteLine("Check Migrations");
//判斷是否有待遷移
if (db.Database.GetPendingMigrations().Any())
{
Console.WriteLine("Migrating...");
//執行遷移
db.Database.Migrate();
Console.WriteLine("Migrated");
}
Console.WriteLine("Check Migrations Coomplete!");
}
2.在程序啟動時調用
static void Main(string[] args)
{
using (var db = new BloggingContext())
{
//檢查遷移
CheckMigrations(db);
...
}
}
運行:
四.制作一個單獨的遷移工具
上面的方法需要我們每次在應用程序啟動的時候都去檢查遷移,我們也可以單獨制作一個控制台程序來進行遷移的更新,這樣只要在更新遷移的時候放到服務器上執行一下就行 了。
我們在實際使用中,建議將EntityFrameWork Core單獨作為一個項目
代碼如下:
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Console.WriteLine("Entity Framework Core Migrate Start !");
Console.WriteLine("Get Pending Migrations...");
using (var db = new BloggingContext())
{
//獲取所有待遷移
Console.WriteLine($"Pending Migrations:\n{string.Join('\n', db.Database.GetPendingMigrations().ToArray())}");
Console.WriteLine("Do you want to continue?(Y/N)");
if (Console.ReadLine().Trim().ToLower() == "n")
{
return;
}
Console.WriteLine("Migrating...");
try
{
//執行遷移
db.Database.Migrate();
}
catch (Exception e)
{
Console.WriteLine(e);
throw;
}
}
Console.WriteLine("Entity Framework Core Migrate Complete !");
Console.WriteLine("Press any key to exit !");
Console.ReadKey();
}
執行效果: