請從AMS,WMS,PMS的角度考慮，以及進程是如何啟動的？（2）

了解了Android系統的啟動過程的讀者應該知道，Android的所有Java服務都是通過SystemServer進程啟動的，並且駐留在SystemServer進程中。SystemServer進程在啟動時，通過創建一個ServerThread線程來啟動所有服務，本文主要介紹Android服務中PackageManagerService服務啟動過程。首先介紹一些PackageManagerService服務下的相關類關系圖：

 

在SystemServer進程的ServerThread線程中，執行以下代碼啟動PackageManagerService服務：

 

// 通過讀取屬性來判斷運行核心應用
String cryptState = SystemProperties.get("vold.decrypt");
boolean onlyCore = false;
if (ENCRYPTING_STATE.equals(cryptState)) {
	Slog.w(TAG, "Detected encryption in progress - only parsing core apps");
	onlyCore = true;
} else if (ENCRYPTED_STATE.equals(cryptState)) {
	Slog.w(TAG, "Device encrypted - only parsing core apps");
	onlyCore = true;
}
//啟動PackageManagerService
pm = PackageManagerService.main(context,
		factoryTest != SystemServer.FACTORY_TEST_OFF,
		onlyCore);
boolean firstBoot = false;
//判斷PackageManagerService是否是第一次啟動，SystemServer進程被殺后會被重啟
try {
	firstBoot = pm.isFirstBoot();
} catch (RemoteException e) {
}
//PackageManagerService執行dex優化
...
try {
	pm.performBootDexOpt();
} catch (Throwable e) {
	reportWtf("performing boot dexopt", e);
}

 

首先啟動PackageManagerService，然后判斷該服務是否是第一次啟動，接着執行dex優化。

 

public static final IPackageManager main(Context context, boolean factoryTest,
		boolean onlyCore) {
	//構造PackageManagerService服務對象
	PackageManagerService m = new PackageManagerService(context, factoryTest, onlyCore);
	//注冊PackageManagerService服務
	ServiceManager.addService("package", m);
	return m;
}

 

啟動過程比較簡單，就是構造一個PackageManagerService對象，然后將該服務對象注冊到ServiceManger進程中，關於服務注冊過程請查看Android服務注冊完整過程源碼分析。PackageManagerService對象構造過程非常復雜，構造過程分幾個階段.

//PackageManagerService啟動開始
EventLog.writeEvent(EventLogTags.BOOT_PROGRESS_PMS_START,SystemClock.uptimeMillis());
//SDK版本檢查
if (mSdkVersion <= 0) {
	Slog.w(TAG, "**** ro.build.version.sdk not set!");
}
//讀取開機啟動模式
String mode = SystemProperties.get("ro.bootmode", "mode");
engModeEnable = "engtest".equals(mode)?true:false;
Slog.i(TAG, "engModeEnable: " + engModeEnable + " ,mode:"+mode);
mContext = context;
mFactoryTest = factoryTest;//開機模式
mOnlyCore = onlyCore;//是否對包做dex優化
//如果編譯版本為eng，則不需要dex優化
mNoDexOpt = "eng".equals(SystemProperties.get("ro.build.type"));
//創建顯示尺寸信息
mMetrics = new DisplayMetrics();
//存儲系統運行過程中的設置信息
mSettings = new Settings();
/*創建SharedUserSetting對象並添加到Settings的成員變量mSharedUsers中,在Android系統中，多個package通過設置sharedUserId屬性可以運行在同一個進程，共享同一個UID*/
mSettings.addSharedUserLPw("android.uid.system",Process.SYSTEM_UID, ApplicationInfo.FLAG_SYSTEM);
mSettings.addSharedUserLPw("android.uid.phone", RADIO_UID, ApplicationInfo.FLAG_SYSTEM);
mSettings.addSharedUserLPw("android.uid.log", LOG_UID, ApplicationInfo.FLAG_SYSTEM);
mSettings.addSharedUserLPw("android.uid.nfc", NFC_UID, ApplicationInfo.FLAG_SYSTEM);
String separateProcesses = SystemProperties.get("debug.separate_processes");
if (separateProcesses != null && separateProcesses.length() > 0) {
	if ("*".equals(separateProcesses)) {
		mDefParseFlags = PackageParser.PARSE_IGNORE_PROCESSES;
		mSeparateProcesses = null;
		Slog.w(TAG, "Running with debug.separate_processes: * (ALL)");
	} else {
		mDefParseFlags = 0;
		mSeparateProcesses = separateProcesses.split(",");
		Slog.w(TAG, "Running with debug.separate_processes: "
				+ separateProcesses);
	}
} else {
	mDefParseFlags = 0;
	mSeparateProcesses = null;
}
mPreInstallDir = new File("/system/preloadapp");
//創建應用安裝器
mInstaller = new Installer();
//獲取屏幕尺寸大小
WindowManager wm = (WindowManager)context.getSystemService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE);
Display d = wm.getDefaultDisplay();
d.getMetrics(mMetrics);
synchronized (mInstallLock) {
// writer
synchronized (mPackages) {
	//啟動消息處理線程
	mHandlerThread.start();
	//為消息處理線程創建一個消息分發handler
	mHandler = new PackageHandler(mHandlerThread.getLooper());
	// dataDir =/data/
	File dataDir = Environment.getDataDirectory();
	// mAppDataDir = /data/data
	mAppDataDir = new File(dataDir, "data");
	// mAsecInternalPath = /data/app-asec
	mAsecInternalPath = new File(dataDir, "app-asec").getPath();
	// mUserAppDataDir = /data/user
	mUserAppDataDir = new File(dataDir, "user");
	// mDrmAppPrivateInstallDir = /data/app-private
	mDrmAppPrivateInstallDir = new File(dataDir, "app-private");
	sUserManager = new UserManager(mInstaller, mUserAppDataDir);
	//讀取並解析/etc/permissions下的XML文件
	readPermissions();
	mRestoredSettings = mSettings.readLPw(getUsers());

函數首先創建一個Settings對象，用來保存一些設置信息，然后調用addSharedUserLPw向Settings類的成員變量mSharedUsers中添加SharedUserSetting對象，在Android系統中，通過設置android:sharedUserId="android.uid.system"屬性可以為應用程序指定UID，SharedUserSetting對象保存同一共享進程UID的所有包信息，Settings對象用於管理Android系統運行過程中的一些設置信息，Settings的成員變量mSharedUsers以鍵值對的方式保存UID對應的SharedUserSetting對象。在Android系統中，可以通過在AndroidManifest.xml文件中設置sharedUserId屬性來設置多個APK運行在同一個進程中。PackageManagerService的任務就是構造一些數據結構來保存所有APK的配置信息，關於Settings類之間的關系圖如下：

PackageSignatures來用來描述Android應用程序安裝包的簽名信息，GrantedPermissions類用於描述應用APK的權限信息。Settings類的成員變量mSharedUsers是一個HashMap，用鍵值對的形式保存所有的SharedUserSetting對象，SharedUserSetting對象用於記錄共享同一進程的所有APK信息，該類的成員變量packages的類型為PackageSetting，用來保存所有共享同一UID的包信息，而成員變量userId則是記錄多個APK共享的UID。首先介紹Settings對象的構造過程：

 

Settings() {
	//調用另外一個有參構造函數
	this(Environment.getDataDirectory());
}

Settings(File dataDir) {
	//創建/data/system/目錄
	mSystemDir = new File(dataDir, "system");
	mSystemDir.mkdirs();
	//設置/data/system目錄的權限
	FileUtils.setPermissions(mSystemDir.toString(),
			FileUtils.S_IRWXU|FileUtils.S_IRWXG
			|FileUtils.S_IROTH|FileUtils.S_IXOTH,
			-1, -1);
	//mSettingsFilename=/data/system/packages.xml
	mSettingsFilename = new File(mSystemDir, "packages.xml");
	//mBackupSettingsFilename=/data/system/packages-backup.xml
	mBackupSettingsFilename = new File(mSystemDir, "packages-backup.xml");
	//mPackageListFilename=/data/system/packages.list
	mPackageListFilename = new File(mSystemDir, "packages.list");
	// Deprecated: Needed for migration
	//mStoppedPackagesFilename = /data/system/packages-stopped.xml
	mStoppedPackagesFilename = new File(mSystemDir, "packages-stopped.xml");
	//mStoppedPackagesFilename = /data/system/packages-stopped-backup.xml
	mBackupStoppedPackagesFilename = new File(mSystemDir, "packages-stopped-backup.xml");
}

 

Settings對象的構造過程很簡單，就是創建一些目錄和文件。首先創建/data/system/目錄，然后分別創建以下四個文件：

/data/system/packages.xml

/data/system/packages-backup.xml

/data/system/packages.list

/data/system/packages-stopped.xml

/data/system/packages-stopped-backup.xml

Settings通過addSharedUserLPw函數添加向mSharedUsers預先添加SharedUserSetting對象

SharedUserSetting addSharedUserLPw(String name, int uid, int pkgFlags) {
	//根據進程UID對應的名稱從成員變量mSharedUsers中查找對應的SharedUserSetting對象
	SharedUserSetting s = mSharedUsers.get(name);
	//返回查找到的結果
	if (s != null) {
		if (s.userId == uid) {
			return s;
		}
		PackageManagerService.reportSettingsProblem(Log.ERROR,
				"Adding duplicate shared user, keeping first: " + name);
		return null;
	}
	//沒有查找到對應的SharedUserSetting對象，則創建一個新的SharedUserSetting對象。
	s = new SharedUserSetting(name, pkgFlags);
	s.userId = uid;
	//添加到成員變量mUserIds，mOtherUserIds中，這兩個變量主要是加快查找速度
	if (addUserIdLPw(uid, s, name)) {
		//添加到mSharedUsers表中
		mSharedUsers.put(name, s);
		return s;
	}
	return null;
}

函數首先根據字符串名稱從成員變量mSharedUsers哈希表中查找對應的SharedUserSetting對象，如果表中不存在對應的SharedUserSetting對象，則創建一個新的SharedUserSetting對象，並初始化該對象的域，然后根據UID的大小通過函數addUserIdLPw添加到mUserIds或mOtherUserIds中，同時以鍵值對的形式保存在mSharedUsers中。

private boolean addUserIdLPw(int uid, Object obj, Object name) {
	//判斷添加的UID是否大於19999
	if (uid > Process.LAST_APPLICATION_UID) {
		return false;
	}
	//判斷添加的UID是否大於等於10000
	if (uid >= Process.FIRST_APPLICATION_UID) {
		//計算在數組中的索引為uid-10000
		int N = mUserIds.size();
		final int index = uid - Process.FIRST_APPLICATION_UID;
		while (index >= N) {
			mUserIds.add(null);
			N++;
		}
		if (mUserIds.get(index) != null) {
			PackageManagerService.reportSettingsProblem(Log.ERROR,
					"Adding duplicate user id: " + uid
					+ " name=" + name);
			return false;
		}
		//添加的SharedUserSetting對象到mUserIds動態數組中
		mUserIds.set(index, obj);
	} else {//將UID小於1000，則將SharedUserSetting對象添加到mOtherUserIds數組中
		if (mOtherUserIds.get(uid) != null) {
			PackageManagerService.reportSettingsProblem(Log.ERROR,
					"Adding duplicate shared id: " + uid
					+ " name=" + name);
			return false;
		}
		mOtherUserIds.put(uid, obj);
	}
	return true;
}

Android定義了應用程序的UID范圍，對於非系統應用，UID介於1000到1999之間，而對於系統應用，UID小於1000

public static final int SYSTEM_UID = 1000;
public static final int PHONE_UID = 1001;
public static final int SHELL_UID = 2000;
public static final int LOG_UID = 1007;
public static final int WIFI_UID = 1010;
public static final int MEDIA_UID = 1013;
public static final int DRM_UID = 1019;
public static final int SDCARD_RW_GID = 1015;
public static final int VPN_UID = 1016;
public static final int NFC_UID = 1027;
public static final int MEDIA_RW_GID = 1023;
//應用程序UID范圍
public static final int FIRST_APPLICATION_UID = 10000;
public static final int LAST_APPLICATION_UID = 19999;
//fully isolated sandboxed processes UID范圍
public static final int FIRST_ISOLATED_UID = 99000;
public static final int LAST_ISOLATED_UID = 99999;

addUserIdLPw函數將UID介於1000到1999之間的SharedUserSetting對象添加到mUserIds數組中，通過UID來索引數組元素。

 

UID小於1000的SharedUserSetting保存到數組mOtherUserIds中。回到PackageManagerService的構造函數中，通過Settings的addSharedUserLPw函數向mSharedUsers，mUserIds，mOtherUserIds數組添加了4個特定進程的SharedUserSetting對象。

 

mPreInstallDir = new File("/system/preloadapp");
//創建應用安裝器
mInstaller = new Installer();
//獲取屏幕尺寸大小
WindowManager wm = (WindowManager)context.getSystemService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE);
Display d = wm.getDefaultDisplay();
d.getMetrics(mMetrics);
synchronized (mInstallLock) {
// writer
synchronized (mPackages) {
	//啟動消息處理線程
	mHandlerThread.start();
	//為消息處理線程創建一個消息分發handler
	mHandler = new PackageHandler(mHandlerThread.getLooper());
	// dataDir =/data/
	File dataDir = Environment.getDataDirectory();
	// mAppDataDir = /data/data
	mAppDataDir = new File(dataDir, "data");
	// mAsecInternalPath = /data/app-asec
	mAsecInternalPath = new File(dataDir, "app-asec").getPath();
	// mUserAppDataDir = /data/user
	mUserAppDataDir = new File(dataDir, "user");
	// mDrmAppPrivateInstallDir = /data/app-private
	mDrmAppPrivateInstallDir = new File(dataDir, "app-private");

 

首先創建Installer對象，用於訪問installd服務進程，完成一些apk安裝，卸載，優化工作。然后通過WindowManager得到屏幕尺寸信息，接着啟動一個名為PackageManager的消息線程，該線程是PackageManagerService的工作線程，mHandlerThread線程是一個帶消息循環的工作線程，在定義該線程對象的時候就已經創建

final HandlerThread mHandlerThread = new HandlerThread("PackageManager",Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND);

同時為該消息線程創建了一個消息分發器PackageHandler對象，通過該handler對象可以往PackageManager線程發送消息，PackageManager線程通過消息循環處理發送進來的消息，消息處理過程如下：

public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
	try {
		//直接調用doHandleMessage函數來處理各種消息
		doHandleMessage(msg);
	} finally {
		Process.setThreadPriority(Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND);
	}
}

這里暫時不介紹doHandleMessage函數，在介紹特定消息時，在來分析該函數對各種消息的處理過程。PackageManagerService的線程模型如下：

 

最后就是創建一些安裝目錄：

/system/preloadapp

/data/data

/data/app-asec

/data/user

/data/data

/data/app-private

創建用戶管理對象UserManager：

 

sUserManager = new UserManager(mInstaller, mUserAppDataDir);

 

構造了一個UserManager，參數一為應用程序安裝器Installer，參數二為用戶安裝目錄/data/user

public UserManager(Installer installer, File baseUserPath) {
	this(Environment.getDataDirectory(), baseUserPath);
	mInstaller = installer;
　　}
　　
　　UserManager(File dataDir, File baseUserPath) {
　　	// mUsersDir=/data/system/users
	mUsersDir = new File(dataDir, USER_INFO_DIR);
	mUsersDir.mkdirs();
　　	// userZeroDir=/data/system/users/0
	File userZeroDir = new File(mUsersDir, "0");
	userZeroDir.mkdirs();
	//mBaseUserPath=/data/user
	mBaseUserPath = baseUserPath;
	FileUtils.setPermissions(mUsersDir.toString(),
				   FileUtils.S_IRWXU|FileUtils.S_IRWXG
			|FileUtils.S_IROTH|FileUtils.S_IXOTH,
			-1, -1);
	// mUserListFile=/data/system/users/userlist.xml
	mUserListFile = new File(mUsersDir, USER_LIST_FILENAME);
	readUserList();
}

構造過程比較簡單，就是創建幾個目錄和幾個文件：

/data/system/users

/data/system/users/0

/data/system/users/userlist.xml

然后通過函數readUserList讀取用戶列表，這里不在介紹該函數的實現，該函數就是從userlist.xml文件中讀取用戶信息，保存到UserManager的成員變量mUsers中。

讀取權限配置信息：

//讀取並解析/etc/permissions下的XML文件
readPermissions();

函數首先調用readPermissions掃描讀取並解析/etc/permissions文件夾下的XML文件，並將解析的數據保存到PackageManagerService的成員變量中

 

void readPermissions() {
	// Read permissions from .../etc/permission directory.
	File libraryDir = new File(Environment.getRootDirectory(), "etc/permissions");
	if (!libraryDir.exists() || !libraryDir.isDirectory()) {
		Slog.w(TAG, "No directory " + libraryDir + ", skipping");
		return;
	}
	if (!libraryDir.canRead()) {
		Slog.w(TAG, "Directory " + libraryDir + " cannot be read");
		return;
	}
	// 循環讀取etc/permissions目錄下的XML文件
	for (File f : libraryDir.listFiles()) {
		// 跳過platform.xml文件，最后讀取該文件
		if (f.getPath().endsWith("etc/permissions/platform.xml")) {
			continue;
		}
		if (!f.getPath().endsWith(".xml")) {
			Slog.i(TAG, "Non-xml file " + f + " in " + libraryDir + " directory, ignoring");
			continue;
		}
		if (!f.canRead()) {
			Slog.w(TAG, "Permissions library file " + f + " cannot be read");
			continue;
		}
		readPermissionsFromXml(f);
	}
	// Read permissions from .../etc/permissions/platform.xml last so it will take precedence
	final File permFile = new File(Environment.getRootDirectory(),"etc/permissions/platform.xml");
	readPermissionsFromXml(permFile);
}

在etc/permissions目錄下保存了一下配置文件

這些文件在編譯的時候直接從frameworks指定目錄下拷貝過來的，在特定product編譯目錄下的base.mk文件中的配置如下：

函數readPermissionsFromXml使用PULL方式解析這些XML文件,下面分別介紹各個標簽的解析過程。

feature標簽用來描述設備應該支持的硬件特性。解析過程如下：

 

else if ("feature".equals(name)) {
	//讀取熟悉name的值
	String fname = parser.getAttributeValue(null, "name");
	if (fname == null) {
		Slog.w(TAG, "<feature> without name at "+ parser.getPositionDescription());
	} else {
		//創建一個FeatureInfo對象
		FeatureInfo fi = new FeatureInfo();
		fi.name = fname;
		//mAvailableFeatures是PackageManagerService的成員變量，以HashMap的方式保存硬件支持的特性
		mAvailableFeatures.put(fname, fi);
	}
	XmlUtils.skipCurrentTag(parser);
	continue;
}

 

library用於指定系統庫，當應用程序運行時，系統會為進程加載一些必要庫。該標簽的解析過程如下：

else if ("library".equals(name)) {
	//讀取屬性name的值
	String lname = parser.getAttributeValue(null, "name");
	//讀取屬性file的值
	String lfile = parser.getAttributeValue(null, "file");
	if (lname == null) {
		Slog.w(TAG, "<library> without name at "+ parser.getPositionDescription());
	} else if (lfile == null) {
		Slog.w(TAG, "<library> without file at "+ parser.getPositionDescription());
	} else {
		//mSharedLibraries是PackageManagerService的成員變量，以HashMap的形式保存進程運行庫
		mSharedLibraries.put(lname, lfile);
	}
	XmlUtils.skipCurrentTag(parser);
	continue;
}

group標簽用於建立Android層與Linux層之間的權限映射關系。

else if ("permission".equals(name)) {
	//讀取屬性name的值
	String perm = parser.getAttributeValue(null, "name");
	if (perm == null) {
		Slog.w(TAG, "<permission> without name at "+ parser.getPositionDescription());
		XmlUtils.skipCurrentTag(parser);
		continue;
	}
	perm = perm.intern();
	readPermission(parser, perm);
} 

void readPermission(XmlPullParser parser, String name)
		throws IOException, XmlPullParserException {
	name = name.intern();
	//根據name在mSettings.mPermissions表中查找對應的BasePermission對象
	BasePermission bp = mSettings.mPermissions.get(name);
	//如果不存在，則創建一個新的BasePermission對象，並保存到mSettings.mPermissions中
	if (bp == null) {
		bp = new BasePermission(name, null, BasePermission.TYPE_BUILTIN);
		mSettings.mPermissions.put(name, bp);
	}
	int outerDepth = parser.getDepth();
	int type;
	while ((type=parser.next()) != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT
		   && (type != XmlPullParser.END_TAG
				   || parser.getDepth() > outerDepth)) {
		if (type == XmlPullParser.END_TAG
				|| type == XmlPullParser.TEXT) {
			continue;
		}
		String tagName = parser.getName();
		//讀取標簽group的屬性gid值
		if ("group".equals(tagName)) {
			String gidStr = parser.getAttributeValue(null, "gid");
			if (gidStr != null) {
				//根據gid字符串，找到對應的gid數值
				int gid = Process.getGidForName(gidStr);
				//設置BasePermission對象的gid值
				bp.gids = appendInt(bp.gids, gid);
			} else {
				Slog.w(TAG, "<group> without gid at "+ parser.getPositionDescription());
			}
		}
		XmlUtils.skipCurrentTag(parser);
	}
}

assign-permission標簽將解析到的內容保存到mSettings.mPermissions中

else if ("assign-permission".equals(name)) {
	 //讀取屬性name的值
	String perm = parser.getAttributeValue(null, "name");
	if (perm == null) {
		Slog.w(TAG, "<assign-permission> without name at "+ parser.getPositionDescription());
		XmlUtils.skipCurrentTag(parser);
		continue;
	}
	//讀取屬性uid的值
	String uidStr = parser.getAttributeValue(null, "uid");
	if (uidStr == null) {
		Slog.w(TAG, "<assign-permission> without uid at "+ parser.getPositionDescription());
		XmlUtils.skipCurrentTag(parser);
		continue;
	}
	//根據屬性uid字符串轉換為uid數值
	int uid = Process.getUidForName(uidStr);
	if (uid < 0) {
		Slog.w(TAG, "<assign-permission> with unknown uid \""+ uidStr + "\" at "+ parser.getPositionDescription());
		XmlUtils.skipCurrentTag(parser);
		continue;
	}
	//保存到mSystemPermissions表中
	perm = perm.intern();
	HashSet<String> perms = mSystemPermissions.get(uid);
	if (perms == null) {
		perms = new HashSet<String>();
		mSystemPermissions.put(uid, perms);
	}
	perms.add(perm);
	XmlUtils.skipCurrentTag(parser);
} 

 
讀取安裝包信息

 

/data/system/packages.xml文件用於記錄系統中所安裝的Package信息；/data/system/packages-backup.xml文件是/data/packages.xml文件的備份。在PackageManagerService掃描完目標文件夾后會創建該文件，當系統進行程序安裝卸載時會更新該文件。
/data/system/packages-stopped.xml文件用於記錄系統中強制停止運行的Package信息。/data/system/packages-stopped-backup.xml是/data/packages-stopped.xml文件的備份。在強制停止某個應用時，會將應用相關信息記錄到該文件中。
/data/system/packages.list保存系統中存在的所有非系統自帶的APK信息，即UID大於1000的apk。

當系統第一次開機時，這些文件並不存在，而在以后的開機中，掃描到的這些XML文件是上一次運行過程中創建的。

 

boolean readLPw(List<UserInfo> users) {
	FileInputStream str = null;
	//如果/data/system/packages-backup.xml文件存在
	if (mBackupSettingsFilename.exists()) {
		try {
			//讀取/data/system/packages-backup.xml文件
			str = new FileInputStream(mBackupSettingsFilename);
			mReadMessages.append("Reading from backup settings file\n");
			PackageManagerService.reportSettingsProblem(Log.INFO,"Need to read from backup settings file");
			//當/data/system/packages.xml文件的備份文件存在時，刪除packages.xml文件
			if (mSettingsFilename.exists()) {
				Slog.w(PackageManagerService.TAG, "Cleaning up settings file "+ mSettingsFilename);
				mSettingsFilename.delete();
			}
		} catch (java.io.IOException e) {
			// We'll try for the normal settings file.
		}
	}
	mPendingPackages.clear();
	mPastSignatures.clear();
	try {
		//如果/data/system/packages-backup.xml文件為空
		if (str == null) {
			//同時/data/system/packages.xml文件不存在
			if (!mSettingsFilename.exists()) {
				mReadMessages.append("No settings file found\n");
				PackageManagerService.reportSettingsProblem(Log.INFO,
						"No settings file; creating initial state");
				//讀取/etc/preferred-apps目錄下的xml文件
				readDefaultPreferredAppsLPw();
				return false;
			}
			//如果packages.xml的備份文件為空，讀取packages.xml文件內容
			str = new FileInputStream(mSettingsFilename);
		}
		//解析文件內容
		XmlPullParser parser = Xml.newPullParser();
		parser.setInput(str, null);
		int type;
		while ((type = parser.next()) != XmlPullParser.START_TAG
				&& type != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) {
			;
		}
		...
}

 

接下來檢測並優化BOOTCLASSPATH環境變量指定的Java運行庫及platform.xml中配置的Java庫，同時優化/system/framework目錄下的Jar包和apk文件，最后刪除/data/dalvik-cache目錄下的一些緩存文件。在init.rc中配置的BOOTCLASSPATH如下：

 

long startTime = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
EventLog.writeEvent(EventLogTags.BOOT_PROGRESS_PMS_SYSTEM_SCAN_START,startTime);
// 設置掃描模式
int scanMode = SCAN_MONITOR | SCAN_NO_PATHS | SCAN_DEFER_DEX | SCAN_BOOTING;
if (mNoDexOpt) {
	Slog.w(TAG, "Running ENG build: no pre-dexopt!");
	scanMode |= SCAN_NO_DEX;
}
//保存庫文件路徑
final HashSet<String> libFiles = new HashSet<String>();
//mFrameworkDir = /framework/
mFrameworkDir = new File(Environment.getRootDirectory(), "framework");
//mDalvikCacheDir = /data/dalvik-cache/
mDalvikCacheDir = new File(dataDir, "dalvik-cache");
boolean didDexOpt = false;
//通過屬性的方式得到啟動Java啟動類庫的路徑,在init.rc中通過BOOTCLASSPATH環境變量的方式設置
String bootClassPath = System.getProperty("java.boot.class.path");
if (bootClassPath != null) {
	String[] paths = splitString(bootClassPath, ':');
	for (int i=0; i<paths.length; i++) {
		try {
			//判斷Jar包是否需要dex優化
			if (dalvik.system.DexFile.isDexOptNeeded(paths[i])) {
				//如果需要則添加到libFiles表中
				libFiles.add(paths[i]);
				//通過安裝器請求installd服務進程執行dex優化
				mInstaller.dexopt(paths[i], Process.SYSTEM_UID, true);
				didDexOpt = true;
			}
		} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
			Slog.w(TAG, "Boot class path not found: " + paths[i]);
		} catch (IOException e) {
			Slog.w(TAG, "Cannot dexopt " + paths[i] + "; is it an APK or JAR? "
					+ e.getMessage());
		}
	}
} else {
	Slog.w(TAG, "No BOOTCLASSPATH found!");
}
//在前面解析platfor.xml時，將一些額外的類庫路徑保存到了mSharedLibraries變量中
if (mSharedLibraries.size() > 0) {
	//循環變量mSharedLibraries變量
	Iterator<String> libs = mSharedLibraries.values().iterator();
	while (libs.hasNext()) {
		String lib = libs.next();
		try {
			//判斷Jar包是否需要dex優化
			if (dalvik.system.DexFile.isDexOptNeeded(lib)) {
				//如果需要則添加到libFiles表中
				libFiles.add(lib);
				//通過安裝器進行dex優化
				mInstaller.dexopt(lib, Process.SYSTEM_UID, true);
				didDexOpt = true;
			}
		} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
			Slog.w(TAG, "Library not found: " + lib);
		} catch (IOException e) {
			Slog.w(TAG, "Cannot dexopt " + lib + "; is it an APK or JAR? "
					+ e.getMessage());
		}
	}
}
//將/system/frameworks/framework-res.apk添加到libFiles中
libFiles.add(mFrameworkDir.getPath() + "/framework-res.apk");
//列出/system/frameworks目錄下的文件
String[] frameworkFiles = mFrameworkDir.list();
if (frameworkFiles != null) {
	//遍歷/system/frameworks目錄下的文件
	for (int i=0; i<frameworkFiles.length; i++) {
		File libPath = new File(mFrameworkDir, frameworkFiles[i]);
		String path = libPath.getPath();
		//判斷libFiles中是否已經包含該文件，如果包含則跳過
		if (libFiles.contains(path)) {
			continue;
		}
		//跳過不是apk或jar文件
		if (!path.endsWith(".apk") && !path.endsWith(".jar")) {
			continue;
		}
		try {
			//判斷Jar包或apk是否需要dex優化
			if (dalvik.system.DexFile.isDexOptNeeded(path)) {
				//通過安裝器進行dex優化
				mInstaller.dexopt(path, Process.SYSTEM_UID, true);
				didDexOpt = true;
			}
		} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
			Slog.w(TAG, "Jar not found: " + path);
		} catch (IOException e) {
			Slog.w(TAG, "Exception reading jar: " + path, e);
		}
	}
}
//如果前面對某個文件做過優化，只要優化了，didDexOpt就被設置為true
if (didDexOpt) {
	//遍歷/data/dalvik-cache目錄下的文件
	String[] files = mDalvikCacheDir.list();
	if (files != null) {
		for (int i=0; i<files.length; i++) {
			String fn = files[i];
			//刪除文件名以"data@app@"和"data@app-private@"開頭的文件
			if (fn.startsWith("data@app@")
					|| fn.startsWith("data@app-private@")) {
				Slog.i(TAG, "Pruning dalvik file: " + fn);
				(new File(mDalvikCacheDir, fn)).delete();
			}
		}
	}
}

接着掃描系統apk信息

 

 

mFlagInstall = false;
//創建文件夾監控對象，監視/system/framework目錄
mFrameworkInstallObserver = new AppDirObserver(mFrameworkDir.getPath(), OBSERVER_EVENTS, true);
mFrameworkInstallObserver.startWatching();
//掃描/system/framework目錄下的apk文件，掃描模式設置為非優化模式
scanDirLI(mFrameworkDir, PackageParser.PARSE_IS_SYSTEM| PackageParser.PARSE_IS_SYSTEM_DIR,scanMode | SCAN_NO_DEX, 0);
//在工廠模式下，調用函數scanDirLIOnly只掃描特定的apk文件
if(engModeEnable){
	//temp null
	mVendorAppDir = null;
	mDrmAppInstallObserver = null;
	mSystemAppDir = null;
	mAppInstallObserver = null;
	mSystemInstallObserver = null;
	mPreInstallObserver = null;
	mVendorInstallObserver = null;
	mAppInstallDir = null;
	Slog.i(TAG, " begin scan the apps !");
	scanDirLIOnly(PackageParser.PARSE_IS_SYSTEM | PackageParser.PARSE_IS_SYSTEM_DIR, scanMode, 0);
	Slog.i(TAG, " end scan the apps !");
	engModeEnable = false;
}else{//正常模式下
	//創建文件夾監控對象，監視/system/app目錄
	mSystemAppDir = new File(Environment.getRootDirectory(), "app");
	mSystemInstallObserver = new AppDirObserver(
		mSystemAppDir.getPath(), OBSERVER_EVENTS, true);
	mSystemInstallObserver.startWatching();
	//掃描/system/app目錄
	scanDirLI(mSystemAppDir, PackageParser.PARSE_IS_SYSTEM| PackageParser.PARSE_IS_SYSTEM_DIR, scanMode, 0);
	//創建文件夾監控對象，監視/vendor/app目錄
	mVendorAppDir = new File("/vendor/app");
	mVendorInstallObserver = new AppDirObserver(
		mVendorAppDir.getPath(), OBSERVER_EVENTS, true);
	mVendorInstallObserver.startWatching();
	//掃描/vendor/app目錄
	scanDirLI(mVendorAppDir, PackageParser.PARSE_IS_SYSTEM| PackageParser.PARSE_IS_SYSTEM_DIR, scanMode, 0);

	if (DEBUG_UPGRADE) Log.v(TAG, "Running installd update commands");
	mInstaller.moveFiles();
	// Prune any system packages that no longer exist.
	final List<String> possiblyDeletedUpdatedSystemApps = new ArrayList<String>();
	if (!mOnlyCore) {
		//遍歷Settings的成員變量mPackages
		Iterator<PackageSetting> psit = mSettings.mPackages.values().iterator();
		while (psit.hasNext()) {
			PackageSetting ps = psit.next();
			//不是系統app
			if ((ps.pkgFlags & ApplicationInfo.FLAG_SYSTEM) == 0) {
				continue;
			}
			//如果是系統app，同時已經被PackageManagerService掃描過了
			final PackageParser.Package scannedPkg = mPackages.get(ps.name);
			if (scannedPkg != null) {
				//該apk包已不能使用
				if (mSettings.isDisabledSystemPackageLPr(ps.name)) {
					Slog.i(TAG, "Expecting better updatd system app for " + ps.name
							+ "; removing system app");
					//移除該apk包信息
					removePackageLI(scannedPkg, true);
				}
				continue;
			}
			if (!mSettings.isDisabledSystemPackageLPr(ps.name)) {
				psit.remove();
				String msg = "System package " + ps.name
						+ " no longer exists; wiping its data";
				reportSettingsProblem(Log.WARN, msg);
				mInstaller.remove(ps.name, 0);
				sUserManager.removePackageForAllUsers(ps.name);
			} else {
				final PackageSetting disabledPs = mSettings.getDisabledSystemPkgLPr(ps.name);
				if (disabledPs.codePath == null || !disabledPs.codePath.exists()) {
					possiblyDeletedUpdatedSystemApps.add(ps.name);
				}
			}
		}
	}
	//mAppInstallDir = /data/app/
	mAppInstallDir = new File(dataDir, "app");
	//查找未完成安裝的apk包
	ArrayList<PackageSetting> deletePkgsList = mSettings.getListOfIncompleteInstallPackagesLPr();
	//清除未完成安裝包
	for(int i = 0; i < deletePkgsList.size(); i++) {
		//clean up here
		cleanupInstallFailedPackage(deletePkgsList.get(i));
	}
	//刪除臨時文件
	deleteTempPackageFiles();

 

監控並掃描以下三個系統包安裝目錄：

/system/framework ：該目錄下的文件都是系統庫

/system/app ：該目錄下是默認的系統應用

/vendor/app ：該目錄下是廠商定制的應用

最后掃描非系統apk信息

 

if (!mOnlyCore) {
	//標識數據掃描開始	EventLog.writeEvent(EventLogTags.BOOT_PROGRESS_PMS_DATA_SCAN_START,SystemClock.uptimeMillis());
	//創建文件夾監控對象，監視/data/app/目錄
	mAppInstallObserver = new AppDirObserver(mAppInstallDir.getPath(), OBSERVER_EVENTS, false);
	mAppInstallObserver.startWatching();
	//掃描/data/app/目錄下的apk文件
	scanDirLI(mAppInstallDir, 0, scanMode, 0);
	//創建文件夾監控對象，監視/system/preloadapp/目錄
	mPreInstallObserver = new AppDirObserver(mPreInstallDir.getPath(), OBSERVER_EVENTS, false);
	mPreInstallObserver.startWatching();
	//掃描/system/preloadapp/目錄下的apk文件
	scanDirLI(mPreInstallDir, 0, scanMode, 0);
	//創建文件夾監控對象，監視/data/app-private/目錄
	mDrmAppInstallObserver = new AppDirObserver(mDrmAppPrivateInstallDir.getPath(), OBSERVER_EVENTS, false);
	mDrmAppInstallObserver.startWatching();
	//掃描/data/app-private/目錄下的apk文件
	scanDirLI(mDrmAppPrivateInstallDir, PackageParser.PARSE_FORWARD_LOCK,scanMode, 0);
	/**
	 * Remove disable package settings for any updated system
	 * apps that were removed via an OTA. If they're not a
	 * previously-updated app, remove them completely.
	 * Otherwise, just revoke their system-level permissions.
	 */
	for (String deletedAppName : possiblyDeletedUpdatedSystemApps) {
		PackageParser.Package deletedPkg = mPackages.get(deletedAppName);
		mSettings.removeDisabledSystemPackageLPw(deletedAppName);
		String msg;
		if (deletedPkg == null) {
			msg = "Updated system package " + deletedAppName+ " no longer exists; wiping its data";
			mInstaller.remove(deletedAppName, 0);
			sUserManager.removePackageForAllUsers(deletedAppName);
		} else {
			msg = "Updated system app + " + deletedAppName+ " no longer present; removing system privileges for "+ deletedAppName;
			deletedPkg.applicationInfo.flags &= ~ApplicationInfo.FLAG_SYSTEM;
			PackageSetting deletedPs = mSettings.mPackages.get(deletedAppName);
			deletedPs.pkgFlags &= ~ApplicationInfo.FLAG_SYSTEM;
		}
		reportSettingsProblem(Log.WARN, msg);
	}
} else {
	mPreInstallObserver = null;
	mAppInstallObserver = null;
	mDrmAppInstallObserver = null;
}

 

監控並掃描以下三個數據目錄：

/data/app/

/system/preloadapp/

/data/app-private/

最后進入結尾階段，將掃描到的信息保存到文件中。

 

mFlagInstall = true;
EventLog.writeEvent(EventLogTags.BOOT_PROGRESS_PMS_SCAN_END,SystemClock.uptimeMillis());
final boolean regrantPermissions = mSettings.mInternalSdkPlatform != mSdkVersion;
mSettings.mInternalSdkPlatform = mSdkVersion;
updatePermissionsLPw(null, null, UPDATE_PERMISSIONS_ALL | (regrantPermissions
				? (UPDATE_PERMISSIONS_REPLACE_PKG|UPDATE_PERMISSIONS_REPLACE_ALL): 0));
ArrayList<PreferredActivity> removed = new ArrayList<PreferredActivity>();
for (PreferredActivity pa : mSettings.mPreferredActivities.filterSet()) {
	if (mActivities.mActivities.get(pa.mPref.mComponent) == null) {
		removed.add(pa);
	}
}
for (int i=0; i<removed.size(); i++) {
	PreferredActivity pa = removed.get(i);
	Slog.w(TAG, "Removing dangling preferred activity: "
			+ pa.mPref.mComponent);
	mSettings.mPreferredActivities.removeFilter(pa);
}
// can downgrade to reader
mSettings.writeLPr();

EventLog.writeEvent(EventLogTags.BOOT_PROGRESS_PMS_READY,SystemClock.uptimeMillis());
Runtime.getRuntime().gc();
mRequiredVerifierPackage = getRequiredVerifierLPr();

至此，PackageManagerService就構造完成了，構造過程認為繁重，Apk文件掃描解析耗費比較長的時間，這是導致開機速度慢的原因。 

@閱讀原文http://www.cnblogs.com/keanuyaoo/p/3306406.html