微信公眾號開發二：獲取access_token

一、什么是access_token

微信公眾平台技術文檔中對access_token的解釋：

access_token是公眾號的全局唯一接口調用憑據，公眾號調用各接口時都需使用access_token。開發者需要進行妥善保存。access_token的存儲至少要保留512個字符空間。access_token的有效期目前為2個小時，需定時刷新，重復獲取將導致上次獲取的access_token失效。

技術文檔中建議

1.使用中控服務器統一獲取刷新access_token，避免不同的業務邏輯各自刷新容易引起沖突；

2.access_token中有expire_in，目前是7200秒之內的值可以根據該值控制刷新access_token，刷新過程中中控服務器可以繼續對外輸出老的access_token，公眾平台后台會保證在5分鍾內新老access_token可以繼續使用；

二、調用access_token請求說明

使用https請求：GET

https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid=APPID&secret=APPSECRET

請求成功后返回JSON數據包

{"access_token":"ACCESS_TOKEN","expires_in":7200}

錯誤時會返回錯誤原因

{"errcode":40013,"errmsg":"invalid appid"}

三、實現思路

通過HttpURLConnection實現https請求，獲取到返回數據包后根據ACCESS_TOKEN保存到文本文件中供業務邏輯調用，expires_in中的時間控制刷新。

三、實現代碼

公用類HttpsUtil用來調用http連接

/*
 * To change this license header, choose License Headers in Project Properties.
 * To change this template file, choose Tools | Templates
 * and open the template in the editor.
 */
package priv.liu.weichat.util;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection;

import net.sf.json.JSONObject;

/**
 *
 * @author liu
 */
public class HttpsUtil {    
    /**
     * HttpsUtil方法https請求結果返回蔚json類型
     * @param Url http請求地址
     * @param Method http請求類型支持POST GET
     * @param Output
     * @return InputStream轉換成JSONObject后返回
     * @throws Exception 
     */
    public JSONObject HttpsUtil(String Url,String Method,String Output) throws Exception{
        JSONObject jsonObject = null;
        URL conn_url =  new URL(Url);
        HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpsURLConnection)conn_url.openConnection();
        conn.setRequestMethod(Method);
        conn.setReadTimeout(5000);
        conn.setConnectTimeout(5000);
        conn.connect();
        //output獲取access_token是不會用到
        if(Output != null){
            OutputStream  outputstream =conn.getOutputStream();
            //字符集，防止出現中文亂碼
            outputstream.write(Output.getBytes("UTF-8"));
            outputstream.close();
        }
        //正常返回代碼為200
        if(conn.getResponseCode()==200){
            InputStream stream = conn.getInputStream();
            InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(stream, "utf-8");
            BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader);
            String str = null;
            StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
            while ((str = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
                buffer.append(str);
            }
            bufferedReader.close();
            inputStreamReader.close();
        stream.close();
        conn.disconnect();
            jsonObject = JSONObject.fromObject(buffer.toString());
        }
        System.out.println(conn.getResponseCode());
        return jsonObject;
    }   
}

循環獲取accesst_token代碼

/*
 * To change this license header, choose License Headers in Project Properties.
 * To change this template file, choose Tools | Templates
 * and open the template in the editor.
 */
package priv.liu.weichat.token;

import static java.lang.Thread.sleep;
import net.sf.json.JSONObject;
import priv.liu.weichat.util.HttpsUtil;
/**
 *
 * @author liu
 */
public class GetToken {

    /**
     * @param args the command line arguments
     * @throws java.lang.Exception
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        // TODO code application logic here
        //訪問地址
        String TOKEN_URL = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid=APPID&secret=APPSECRET";
        //appid
        String APPID = "wxf62ff5631358ef2e";
        //appsecret
        String APPSECRET = "2af33a0092006148a5000ff06e9151bb";        
        String request_url = TOKEN_URL.replace("APPID", APPID).replace("APPSECRET", APPSECRET);
        HttpsUtil httpsUtil = new HttpsUtil();
        System.out.println(request_url);
        int i = 0;
        while(true){
            JSONObject jsonObject = httpsUtil.HttpsUtil(request_url,"GET",null);
            if(null != jsonObject){
                String access_tocken = jsonObject.getString("access_token");
                String expires_in = jsonObject.getString("expires_in");
                //獲取到的access_tocken值可以寫入到文本文件中供其他業務邏輯調用，實例中只打印了沒有保存到文件
                System.out.println("獲取成功"+"access_tocken="+access_tocken+"||expires_in="+expires_in);  
                i=Integer.parseInt(expires_in);
            }
            //休眠1小時57分鍾，提前三分鍾獲取新的access_token
            sleep((7200-180)*1000);
        }                
    }    
}