PostgreSQL數據庫PL/PGSQL學習使用

基本結構

create or replace function somefunc() 
returns varchar as 
$$
declare
   name varchar := 'wangzhen';
begin
   return name;
end   
$$ language plpgsql ；

$$作用

• 函數代碼在function中實際上為一個字符串，代碼1和代碼2等價，但代碼中字符串的單引號需要寫兩個進行轉義。

-- 代碼1
create or replace function somefunc() 
returns varchar as 
$$
declare
   name varchar := 'wangzhen';
begin
   return name;
end   
$$ language plpgsql ；

--代碼2
create or replace function somefunc() 
returns varchar as 
'
declare
   name varchar := ''wangzhen'';
begin
   return name;
end   
' language plpgsql ;

• "美元符引用”書寫字符串常量，使單引號、反斜線、$符等按照字面值進行解釋，不需要寫兩個或在4個或着更多進行轉義，代碼3和代碼4等價。

--代碼3
create or replace function somefunc() 
returns varchar as 
$$
declare
   name varchar := 'wangzhen''blog';
begin
   return name;
end   
$$ language plpgsql ;

--代碼4
create or replace function somefunc() 
returns varchar as 
$$
declare
   name varchar := $tag$wangzhen'blog$tag$;
begin
   return name;
end   
$$ language plpgsql ;

• $中間可以包含可選的標簽，但是標簽要成對出現，且大小寫敏感。代碼5和代碼6和代碼7等價。

--代碼5
create or replace function somefunc() 
returns varchar as 
$body$
declare
   name varchar := $tag$wangzhen'blog$tag$;
begin
   return name;
end   
$body$ language plpgsql ;

--代碼6
create or replace function somefunc() 
returns varchar as 
$func$
declare
   name varchar := $$wangzhen'blog$$;
begin
   return name;
end   
$func$ language plpgsql ;

--代碼7
create or replace function somefunc() 
returns varchar as 
$$
declare
   name varchar := 'wangzhen''blog';
begin
   return name;
end   
$$ language plpgsql ;

代碼塊

• 塊名可選，代碼8和9等價

--代碼8
create or replace function somefunc() 
returns varchar as
$$
<<outblock>>
declare 
   name varchar := 'wangzhen';
begin
   return outblock.name;
end;        
$$ language plpgsql; 

--代碼9
create or replace function somefunc() 
returns varchar as
$$
declare 
   name varchar := 'wangzhen';
begin
   return name;
end;        
$$ language plpgsql; 

• 塊可嵌套，內層同名變量覆蓋外層同名變量，可通過指定塊名引用。

--代碼10
create or replace function somefunc() 
returns varchar as
$$
<<outblock>>
declare 
   name varchar := 'wangzhen';
begin
   <<innerblock>>
   declare 
      name varchar := 'xiaozhang';
   begin
      outblock.name = innerblock.name;
   end;   
   return outblock.name;
end;        
$$ language plpgsql; 

abase=# select somefunc();
 somefunc  
-----------
 xiaozhang

• 函數體是一個隱藏的塊，塊名是函數名。

--代碼11
create or replace function somefunc(name varchar) 
returns varchar as
$$
<<outblock>>
declare 
   name varchar := somefunc.name;
begin
   return outblock.name;
end;        
$$ language plpgsql; 

abase=# select somefunc('xiaoli');
 somefunc 
----------
 xiaoli
(1 row)

命名參數

• 在函數聲明時直接命名參數

--代碼12
create or replace function somefunc(newname varchar) 
returns varchar as
$$
declare 
   name varchar := newname;
begin
   return name;
end;        
$$ language plpgsql; 

• 使用別名和美元符號

--代碼13
create or replace function somefunc(varchar,varchar) 
returns varchar as
$$
declare 
   newname alias for $1;
   name varchar := newname;
   name2 varchar := $2;
begin
   return name;
end;        
$$ language plpgsql; 

執行SQL

• 沒有返回結果的SQL可以直接執行

--代碼14
create or replace function somefunc2() 
returns void as
$$
begin
   create table test1 (n_id integer,c_mc varchar(300));
   insert into test1 (n_id,c_mc) values (1,'wangzhen');
end;        
$$ language plpgsql; 

• 不需要返回結果的select可以通過perform執行。perform替換select

--代碼15
create or replace function somefunc3() 
returns void as
$$
begin
   perform * from test1;
end;        
$$ language plpgsql; 

--代碼16
create or replace function somefunc3() 
returns void as
$$
begin
   perform somefunc();
   --perform 怎么處理with和其他復雜查詢？
end;        
$$ language plpgsql; 

• 執行動態拼接SQL

--代碼17
create or replace function somefunc3() 
returns void as
$$
declare
var_sql varchar := 'insert into test1 values (0,'||quote_literal('admin')||')';
begin
   execute var_sql;
   execute format('insert into %I values (%L,%L)','test1',2,'xiaoniu');
end;        
$$ language plpgsql; 

返回結果

返回結果分為返回標量（單行）和返回結果集合（多行）兩種情況。

• 返回標量

-- 代碼18
-- 返回單行int
create or replace function somefunc4()
returns int as
$$
begin
   return 100;
end   
$$ language plpgsql;

-- 代碼19
-- 通過out參數返回
create or replace function somefunc4(out v1 integer) 
as
$$
begin
   v1 := 100;
end  
$$ language plpgsql;

-- 代碼20
-- 返回單行record 復合類型
create or replace function somefunc4(id integer,mc varchar) 
returns record as
$$
declare 
   r record;
begin
   r := row(id,mc);
   return r;
end  
$$ language plpgsql;

• SETOF 作用

返回結果集合（多行）時，需要使用SETOF指定

--代碼21
--返回單列多行
create or replace function somefunc5()
returns setof int as
$$
declare
id int;
begin
   for id in select n_id from test1 
   loop
      return next id;
   end loop;
   return;  
end   
$$ language plpgsql;

結果：

abase=# select somefunc5();
 somefunc5 
-----------
         1
         1
         0
         0
         2
(5 rows)

• 返回結果集

-- 代碼22
-- 通過out參數返回
-- returns setof record  可以省略
create or replace function somefunc6(out id integer,out name varchar)
returns setof record as 
$$
declare 
   r record;
begin
   for r in select n_id,c_mc from test1 
   loop
      id := r.n_id;
      name := r.c_mc;
      return next;
   end loop; 
end
$$ language plpgsql;

結果：

abase=# select * from somefunc6() ;
 id |   name    
----+-----------
  1 | wangzhen
  1 | xiaozhang
  0 | admin
  0 | admin
  2 | xiaoniu
(5 rows)

-- 代碼23
-- 通過return next 返回自定義類型
create type test_rs as (id int,mc varchar);
create or replace function somefunc7()
returns setof test_rs as 
$$
declare
   r test_rs%rowtype;
begin
   for r in select n_id,c_mc from test1
   loop
      return next r;
   end loop;
   return;
end
$$ language plpgsql;

-- 代碼24
-- 通過return query 返回自定義類型
create or replace function somefunc7()
returns setof test_rs as 
$$
declare
   r test_rs%rowtype;
begin
   return query select n_id,c_mc from test1;
   return;
end
$$ language plpgsql;

-- 代碼25
-- 通過return next返回表類型
create or replace function somefunc7()
returns setof test1 as 
$$
declare
   r test1%rowtype;
begin
   for r in select n_id,c_mc from test1
   loop
      return next r;
   end loop;
   return;
end
$$ language plpgsql;

-- 代碼26
-- 通過拼接sql  return next 返回自定義類型
create or replace function somefunc7()
returns setof test_rs as 
$$
declare
   r test_rs%rowtype;
begin
   for r in execute 'select n_id,c_mc from test1'
   loop
      return next r;
   end loop;
   return;
end
$$ language plpgsql;

-- 代碼26
-- 通過拼接sql  return query 返回自定義類型
create or replace function somefunc7()
returns setof test_rs as 
$$
declare
   r test_rs%rowtype;
begin
   return query execute 'select n_id,c_mc from test1';
   return;
end
$$ language plpgsql;

• 返回結果集時PostgreSQL 9.5.4，需要使用自定義類型或表類型制定返回類型，不能用record匿名類型。

循環判斷

• LOOP循環

create or replace function testloop1() 
returns void as
$$
declare
    count int :=0;
begin
    loop
       exit when count >=100;
       count := count + 1;
       raise notice 'count is %',count;
    end loop;
end
$$ language plpgsql ;

• WHILE循環

create or replace function testloop2() 
returns void as
$$
declare
    count int :=0;
begin
    while count <100 loop
       count := count + 1;
       raise notice 'count is %',count;
    end loop;
end
$$ language plpgsql ;

• FOR循環

create or replace function testloop3() 
returns void as
$$
begin
  for i in 1..100 loop
     raise notice 'count is %',i;
  end loop;
end
$$ language plpgsql;

create or replace function testloop4() 
returns void as
$$
begin
  for i in reverse 100..1 by 2 loop 
     raise notice 'count is %',i;
  end loop;
end
$$ language plpgsql;

• FOREACH循環

create or replace function testloop5()
returns void as
$$
declare
  v_arr int[]:= array[1,2,3,4,5];
  i int;
begin
  foreach i in array v_arr loop
      raise notice 'count is %',i;
  end loop;
end
$$ language plpgsql;