android ——后台下載


這次的這個demo想要實現一個后台下載文件的功能,下載的時候會有一個告知進度的通知,

使用的依賴庫就一個:

compile 'com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:3.9.0'

大體思路是創建一個AsyncTask運行在Service中,然后活動和Service進行通信,實現開始、暫停、取消下載的功能

所以先創建一個接口:

public interface DownloadListener {
    //用於通知當前下載進度
    void onProgress(int progress);

    //用於通知下載成功
    void onSuccess();

    //用於通知下載失敗
    void onFailed();

    //用於通知下載暫停
    void onPaused();

    //用於通知下載取消
    void onCanceled();
}

然后是下載這個行為的AsyncTask,AsyncTask是一個可以十分簡單的從子線程切換到主線程的工具,AsyncTask是一個抽象類所以要創建一個類去繼承它。

首先AsyncTask有三個泛型參數,第一個Params是傳入的參數的類型,這里需要傳入的是文件下載的地址,所以設定為String類型,第二個參數是Progress后台任務執行的時候,需要顯示進度時使用這里的泛型作為進度單位,所以這里設為Integer,第三個參數是Result用於反饋執行結果,這里依舊使用Integer

還有經常需要重寫的四個方法,onPreExecute()這個方法是在任務開始前進行的,它由UI線程(主線程)調用,即可以進行UI操作,這里我想要在Service中執行這個下載的任務就不需要這個方法了就略過,然后是最重要的doInBackground(Params...),這個方法是onPreExecute()完成后,立即在后台進行的,用以執行任務,並將Result傳給onPostExecute(Result)。另外,在此期間,可以調用publishProgress(Progress...),這個方法能夠傳遞一些數據給onProgressUpdate(Progress...),所以這里就需要執行下載,保存,反饋進度所有的下載邏輯,再然后就是onProgressUpdate(Progress...)這里可以使用來自doInBackground的數據,然后UI的操作,這里就用來修改通知的進度條就行了,最后就是onPostExecute(Result)根據來自doInBackground的結果用於通知最后的結果了。

public class DownloadTask extends AsyncTask<String, Integer, Integer> {

    public static final int TYPE_SUCCESS = 0;
    public static final int TYPE_FAILED = 1;
    public static final int TYPE_PAUSED = 2;
    public static final int TYPE_CANCELED = 3;

    private  DownloadListener listener;

    private boolean isCanceled = false;

    private boolean isPaused = false;

    private int lastProgress;

    public  DownloadTask(DownloadListener listener){
        this.listener = listener;
    }

    @Override
    protected Integer doInBackground(String... params) {
        InputStream is = null;
        RandomAccessFile savedFile = null;
        File file = null;
        try{
            long downloadedLength = 0;//記錄已經下載的文件長度
            String downloadUrl = params[0];
            String fileName = downloadUrl.substring(downloadUrl.lastIndexOf("/"));
            String directory = Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(Environment.DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS).getPath();
            file = new File(directory + fileName);
            if(file.exists()){
                downloadedLength = file.length();
            }
            long contentLength = getContentLength(downloadUrl);
            if(contentLength == 0){
                return TYPE_FAILED;
            }else if(contentLength == downloadedLength){
                //已下載字節與總文件字節相等 說明已經下載完成
                return TYPE_SUCCESS;
            }
            OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
            Request request = new Request.Builder()
                    //斷點下載,指定從那個字節下載
                    .addHeader("RANGE", "bytes=" + downloadedLength + "-")
                    .url(downloadUrl)
                    .build();
            Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();
            if (response != null){
                is = response.body().byteStream();
                savedFile = new RandomAccessFile(file, "rw");
                savedFile.seek(downloadedLength);//跳過已經下載好的字節
                byte[] b = new byte[1024];
                int total = 0;
                int len;
                while((len = is.read(b)) != -1){
                    if(isCanceled){
                        return TYPE_CANCELED;
                    }else if(isPaused){
                        return TYPE_PAUSED;
                    }else {
                        total += len;
                        savedFile.write(b, 0, len);
                        //計算已經下載的百分比
                        int progress = (int) ((total + downloadedLength) * 100 / contentLength);
                        publishProgress(progress);
                    }
                }
                response.body().close();
                return TYPE_SUCCESS;
            }
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            try {
                if(is != null){
                    is.close();
                }
                if(savedFile != null){
                    savedFile.close();
                }
                if (isCanceled && file != null){
                    file.delete();
                }
            }catch (Exception e){
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        return TYPE_FAILED;
    }

    @Override
    protected void onProgressUpdate(Integer... values) {
        int progress = values[0];
        if(progress > lastProgress){
            listener.onProgress(progress);
            lastProgress = progress;
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void onPostExecute(Integer integer) {
        switch (integer){
            case TYPE_SUCCESS:
                listener.onSuccess();
                break;
            case TYPE_FAILED:
                listener.onFailed();
                break;
            case TYPE_PAUSED:
                listener.onPaused();
                break;
            case TYPE_CANCELED:
                listener.onCanceled();
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }
    }

    public void pauseDownload(){
        isPaused = true;
    }

    public void cancelDownload(){
        isCanceled = true;
    }

    private long getContentLength(String downloadUrl) throws IOException{
        OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
        Request request = new Request.Builder()
                .url(downloadUrl)
                .build();
        Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();
        if(response != null && response.isSuccessful()){
            long contentLength = response.body().contentLength();
            response.body().close();
            return contentLength;
        }
        return  0;
    }
}

具體其中下載時候 保存、斷點下載、中斷的邏輯下次再說吧==。

然后是Service,Service的使用同樣需要創建一個類來繼承Service,這次的主題是Service,其實應該寫點小demo探究生命周期什么的==,算了以后弄把,這次改標題就好了。然后這次是想要使用服務執行一個任務,然后讓活動綁定這個服務,然后使用服務中的提供的接口實現開始、暫停、取消的功能,

綁定服務是 Service 類的實現,可讓其他應用與其綁定和交互。要提供服務綁定,您必須實現 onBind() 回調方法。該方法返回的 IBinder 對象定義了客戶端用來與服務進行交互的編程接口。
客戶端可通過調用 bindService() 綁定到服務。調用時,它必須提供 ServiceConnection 的實現,后者會監控與服務的連接。bindService() 方法會立即無值返回,
但當 Android 系統創建客戶端與服務之間的連接時,會對 ServiceConnection 調用 onServiceConnected(),向客戶端傳遞用來與服務通信的 IBinder。

這是google文檔中的描述,意思就是這個子類中要重寫的方法只有onBind(),這個方法會返回一個IBinder對象,意思就是創建一個內部類繼承自Binder,這個類里面的方法就需要實現開始、暫停、取消。然后使用這個類創建一個名為的IBinder對象在onBind()中返回就好了

public class DownloadService extends Service {

    private  DownloadTask downloadTask;

    private  String downloadUrl;

    private DownloadListener listener = new DownloadListener() {
        @Override
        public void onProgress(int progress) {
            getNotificationManager().notify(1, getNotification("Downloading...", progress));
        }

        @Override
        public void onSuccess() {
            downloadTask =null;
            //下載成功后將前台服務通知關閉,並創建一個下載成功的通知
            stopForeground(true);
            getNotificationManager().notify(1, getNotification("下載中", -1));
            Toast.makeText(DownloadService.this, "下載成功", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }

        @Override
        public void onFailed() {
            downloadTask =null;
            //下載失敗后將前台服務通知關閉,並創建一個下載成功的通知
            stopForeground(true);
            getNotificationManager().notify(1, getNotification("下載失敗", -1));
            Toast.makeText(DownloadService.this, "下載失敗", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }

        @Override
        public void onPaused() {
            downloadTask = null;
            Toast.makeText(DownloadService.this, "下載暫停", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }

        @Override
        public void onCanceled() {
            downloadTask = null;
            stopForeground(true);
            Toast.makeText(DownloadService.this, "下載取消", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
    };

    private DownloadBinder mBinder = new DownloadBinder();

    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        return mBinder;
    }

    class DownloadBinder extends Binder{

        public void startDownload(String url){
            if(downloadTask == null){
                downloadUrl = url;
                downloadTask = new DownloadTask(listener);
                downloadTask.execute(downloadUrl);
                startForeground(1,getNotification("Downloading...", 0));
                Toast.makeText(DownloadService.this, "下載中", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        }

        public void pauseDownload(){
            if(downloadTask != null){
                downloadTask.pauseDownload();
            }
        }



        public void cancelDownload(){
            if(downloadTask != null){
                downloadTask.cancelDownload();
            }else {
                if(downloadUrl != null){
                    //取消下載時需要將文件刪除
                    String fileName = downloadUrl.substring(downloadUrl.lastIndexOf("/"));
                    String directory = Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(Environment.DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS).getPath();
                    File file = new File(directory + fileName);
                    if(file.exists()){
                        file.delete();
                    }
                    getNotificationManager().cancel(1);
                    stopForeground(true);
                    Toast.makeText(DownloadService.this, "取消", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                }
            }
        }
    }


    private NotificationManager getNotificationManager(){
        return (NotificationManager) getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
    }

    private Notification getNotification(String title, int progress){
        Intent intent = new Intent(this, MainActivity.class);
        PendingIntent pi = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0, intent, 0);
        NotificationCompat.Builder builder = new NotificationCompat.Builder(this);
        builder.setSmallIcon(R.mipmap.ic_launcher);
        builder.setLargeIcon(BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(),R.mipmap.ic_launcher));
        builder.setContentIntent(pi);
        builder.setContentTitle(title);
        if(progress > 0){
            //當進度大於0或者等於0的時候才顯示下載進度
            builder.setContentText(progress + "%");
            builder.setProgress(100, progress , false);
        }
        return builder.build();
    }
}

然后就是活動了,活動中要實現的就是控制服務中的任務,

        Intent intent = new Intent(this, DownloadService.class);
        startService(intent);//啟動服務
        bindService(intent, connection, BIND_AUTO_CREATE);//綁定服務

首先是啟動和綁定這個服務。其中的connection是一個需要重寫的匿名類

    private DownloadService.DownloadBinder downloadBinder;

    private ServiceConnection connection = new ServiceConnection() {
        @Override
        public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName componentName, IBinder iBinder) {
            downloadBinder = (DownloadService.DownloadBinder) iBinder;
        }

        @Override
        public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName componentName) {

        }
    };

downloadBinder就是在服務中創建的類,這里的綁定只需要把服務返回的iBinder實例化即可。

整體的代碼是這樣:

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private DownloadService.DownloadBinder downloadBinder;

    private ServiceConnection connection = new ServiceConnection() {
        @Override
        public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName componentName, IBinder iBinder) {
            downloadBinder = (DownloadService.DownloadBinder) iBinder;
        }

        @Override
        public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName componentName) {

        }
    };

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        Button startDownload = (Button) findViewById(R.id.start_download);
        Button pauseDownload = (Button) findViewById(R.id.pause_download);
        Button cancelDownload = (Button) findViewById(R.id.cancel_download);

        Intent intent = new Intent(this, DownloadService.class);
        startService(intent);//啟動服務
        bindService(intent, connection, BIND_AUTO_CREATE);//綁定服務
        if(ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(MainActivity.this, android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)
                != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this, new String[]{android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE},1);
        }

        startDownload.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                String url = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/guolindev/eclipse/master/eclipse-inst-win64.exe";
                downloadBinder.startDownload(url);
            }
        });

        pauseDownload.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                downloadBinder.pauseDownload();
            }
        });

        cancelDownload.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                downloadBinder.cancelDownload();
            }
        });
    }

    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
        switch (requestCode){
            case 1:
                if (grantResults.length > 0 && grantResults[0] != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
                    Toast.makeText(this, "拒絕權限將無法使用程序",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    finish();
                }
                break;
            default:
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        unbindService(connection);
    }
}

然后還有注意權限的申請

<manifest 
    ...
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
   ...
</manifest>


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