接口測試——HttpClient工具的https請求、代理設置、請求頭設置、獲取狀態碼和響應頭

本文轉載自查看原文 2017-10-01 21:17 27078 代理設置/ https請求/ 請求頭設置/ 接口測試/ httpclient

https請求

https協議（Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol）：

安全超文本傳輸協議， HTTPS以保密為目標研發，簡單講HTTPS協議是由SSL+HTTP協議構建的可進行加密傳輸、身份認證的網絡協議，其安全基礎是SSL協議，因此加密的詳細內容請看SSL。全稱Hypertext Transfer Protocol overSecure Socket Layer。句法類同http:體系。用於安全的HTTP數據傳輸。 https:URL表明它使用了HTTP，但HTTPS存在不同於HTTP的默認端口及一個加密/身份驗證層（在HTTP與TCP之間）。

HTTPS和HTTP的區別：

一、 https協議需要到ca申請證書，一般免費證書很少，需要交費。

二、 http是超文本傳輸協議，信息是明文傳輸， https 則是具有安全性的ssl加密傳輸協議。

三、 http和https使用的是完全不同的連接方式，用的端口也不一樣，前者是80，后者是443。

四、 http的連接很簡單，是無狀態的； HTTPS協議是由SSL+HTTP協議構建的可進行加密傳輸、身份認證的網絡協議，比http協議安全。

https訪問博客園中的新聞頁面，實現代碼如下：

 1 package com.httpclient;
 2 
 3 import java.io.IOException;
 4 import java.security.KeyManagementException;
 5 import java.security.KeyStoreException;
 6 import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
 7 import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
 8 import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
 9 
10 import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
11 
12 import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
13 import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
14 import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
15 import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
16 import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;
17 import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLContextBuilder;
18 import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.TrustStrategy;
19 import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
20 import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
21 import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
22 
23 public class yihuqingjiu_https {
24 
25     public static CloseableHttpClient createSSLClientDefault(){
26         try {
27                 SSLContext sslContext = new SSLContextBuilder().loadTrustMaterial(null, new TrustStrategy(){
28                 //信任所有
29                 public boolean isTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain,String authType) throws CertificateException{
30                 return true;
31                 }
32             }).build();
33             SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslsf = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslContext);
34             return HttpClients.custom().setSSLSocketFactory(sslsf).build();
35             } catch (KeyManagementException e) {
36                 e.printStackTrace();
37             } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
38                 e.printStackTrace();
39             } catch (KeyStoreException e) {
40                 e.printStackTrace();
41             } 
42             return HttpClients.createDefault();
43             }
44     
45     public static void main(String[] args) throws ClientProtocolException, IOException {
46         CloseableHttpClient hp = createSSLClientDefault();
47         HttpGet hg = new HttpGet("https://news.cnblogs.com/");
48         CloseableHttpResponse response = hp.execute(hg);
49         HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
50         String content = EntityUtils.toString(entity,"utf-8");
51         System.out.println(content);
52         hp.close();
53 
54     }
55 
56 }

若不添加信任，createSSLClientDefault()方法，會訪問失敗

代理設置

代理，也稱網絡代理，是一種特殊的網絡服務，允許一個網絡終端（一般為客戶端）通過這個服務與另一個網絡終端（一般為服務器）進行非直接的連接。一些網關、路由器等網絡設備具備網絡代理功能。一般認為代理服務有利於保障網絡終端的隱私或安全，防止攻擊。在使用httpclient進行接口測試的時候，出現需要訪問國外的接口請求地址、使用fiddler調試等時候需要先設置代理才能進行。

fiddler會自動給瀏覽器加上127.0.0.1：8888，但java代碼中fiddler不會自動給加上。運行上述實例，但在fiddler中抓取不到，這就需要進行代理設置了。

代碼實現如下：

 1 package com.httpclient;
 2 
 3 import java.io.IOException;
 4 
 5 import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
 6 import org.apache.http.HttpHost;
 7 import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
 8 import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
 9 import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
10 import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
11 import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
12 import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
13 import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
14 
15 public class yihuqingjiu_Proxy {
16 
17     public static void main(String[] args) throws ClientProtocolException, IOException {
18         //創建httpclient對象
19         CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
20         //代理對象
21         HttpHost proxy = new HttpHost("127.0.0.1", 8888, "http");
22         //配置對象
23         RequestConfig config = RequestConfig.custom().setProxy(proxy).build();
24         //創建請求方法的實例， 並指定請求url
25         HttpGet httpget=new HttpGet("http://www.qq.com");
26         //使用配置
27         httpget.setConfig(config);
28         CloseableHttpResponse response=httpClient.execute(httpget);
29         HttpEntity entity=response.getEntity();
30         String content=EntityUtils.toString(entity, "utf-8");
31         System.out.println(content);
32         httpClient.close();
33 
34     }
35 
36 }

請求頭設置

有很多服務器，會辨別訪問形式是否為瀏覽器，若不是瀏覽器，會拒絕訪問，所以就需要設置請求頭

當我們打開一個網頁時，瀏覽器要向網站服務器發送一個HTTP請求頭，然后網站服務器根據HTTP請求頭的內容生成當次請求的內容發送給瀏覽器。HTTP請求頭提供了關於請求，響應或者其他的發送實體的信息。 HTTP的頭信息包括通用頭、請求頭、響應頭和實體頭四個部分。每個頭域由一個域名，冒號（:）和域值三部分組成。

部分請求頭屬性介紹：

accept：瀏覽器通過這個頭告訴服務器，它所支持的數據類型。如： text/html,image/jpeg

accept-Charset：瀏覽器通過這個頭告訴服務器，它支持哪種字符集

accept-encoding：瀏覽器通過這個頭告訴服務器，它支持哪種壓縮格式

accept-language：瀏覽器通過這個頭告訴服務器，它的語言環境

host：瀏覽器通過這個頭告訴服務器，它想訪問哪台主機

Connection：表示客戶端與服務連接類型

User-Agent（用戶代理），簡稱 UA，它是一個特殊字符串頭，使得服務器能夠識別客戶端使用的操作系統及版本、 CPU 類型、瀏覽器及版本、瀏覽器渲染引擎、瀏覽器語言、瀏覽器插件等

首先看httpclient發送的請求和瀏覽器訪問的不同之處

httpclient訪問：

瀏覽器訪問：

可以很清楚的看出，各自的請求頭不同

設置請求頭的方法有三種實現方法：

第一種實現代碼如下

package com.httpclient;

import java.io.IOException;

import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpHost;
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;

public class yihuqingjiu_header {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClientProtocolException, IOException {
        //創建httpclient對象
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
        //代理對象
        HttpHost proxy = new HttpHost("127.0.0.1", 8888, "http");
        //配置對象
        RequestConfig config = RequestConfig.custom().setProxy(proxy).build();
        //創建請求方法的實例， 並指定請求url
        HttpGet httpget=new HttpGet("http://www.qq.com");
        //使用配置
        httpget.setConfig(config);
        //設置請求頭
        httpget.setHeader("Accept", "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8");
        httpget.setHeader("Accept-Encoding", "gzip, deflate");
        httpget.setHeader("Accept-Language", "zh-CN,zh;q=0.8");
        httpget.setHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/61.0.3163.91 Safari/537.36");
        CloseableHttpResponse response=httpClient.execute(httpget);
        HttpEntity entity=response.getEntity();
        String content=EntityUtils.toString(entity, "utf-8");
        System.out.println(content);
        httpClient.close();

    }

}

然后到fiddler中查看請求頭信息，和瀏覽器訪問一樣了，如下圖所示：

第二中實現方式，創建代理對象，代碼如下：

 1 package com.httpclient;
 2 
 3 import java.io.IOException;
 4 
 5 import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
 6 import org.apache.http.HttpHost;
 7 import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
 8 import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
 9 import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
10 import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
11 import org.apache.http.entity.mime.Header;
12 import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
13 import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
14 import org.apache.http.message.BasicHeader;
15 import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
16 
17 import com.google.common.net.HttpHeaders;
18 
19 public class yihuqingjiu_header1 {
20 
21     public static void main(String[] args) throws ClientProtocolException, IOException {
22         //創建httpclient對象
23         CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
24         //代理對象
25         HttpHost proxy = new HttpHost("127.0.0.1", 8888, "http");
26         //配置對象
27         RequestConfig config = RequestConfig.custom().setProxy(proxy).build();
28         //創建請求方法的實例， 並指定請求url
29         HttpGet httpget=new HttpGet("http://www.qq.com");
30         //使用配置
31         httpget.setConfig(config);
32         //設置請求頭,對象實現
33         BasicHeader a = new BasicHeader(HttpHeaders.ACCEPT, "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8");
34         httpget.setHeader(a);
35         CloseableHttpResponse response=httpClient.execute(httpget);
36         HttpEntity entity=response.getEntity();
37         String content=EntityUtils.toString(entity, "utf-8");
38         System.out.println(content);
39         httpClient.close();
40 
41     }
42 
43 }

第三種實現方式，數組實現，代碼如下：

package com.httpclient;

import java.io.IOException;

import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpHost;
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.Header;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicHeader;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;

import com.google.common.net.HttpHeaders;

public class yihuqingjiu_header2 {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClientProtocolException, IOException {
        //創建httpclient對象
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
        //代理對象
        HttpHost proxy = new HttpHost("127.0.0.1", 8888, "http");
        //配置對象
        RequestConfig config = RequestConfig.custom().setProxy(proxy).build();
        //創建請求方法的實例， 並指定請求url
        HttpGet httpget=new HttpGet("http://www.qq.com");
        //使用配置
        httpget.setConfig(config);
        //設置請求頭，數組實現
        BasicHeader[] header = new BasicHeader[2];
        //寫法1
        //BasicHeader a = new BasicHeader(HttpHeaders.ACCEPT, "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8");
        //header[0]=a;
        //寫法2
        header[0] = new BasicHeader(HttpHeaders.ACCEPT, "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8");
        header[1] = new BasicHeader(HttpHeaders.ACCEPT_LANGUAGE, "zh-CN,zh;q=0.8");
        httpget.setHeaders(header);
        CloseableHttpResponse response=httpClient.execute(httpget);
        HttpEntity entity=response.getEntity();
        String content=EntityUtils.toString(entity, "utf-8");
        System.out.println(content);
        httpClient.close();

    }

}

獲取狀態碼

可以獲取Headers中的信息，也就是Headers中的第一行數據，獲取狀態碼實現代碼如下：

 1 package com.httpclient;
 2 
 3 import java.io.IOException;
 4 
 5 import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
 6 import org.apache.http.HttpHost;
 7 import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
 8 import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
 9 import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
10 import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
11 import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
12 import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
13 import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
14 
15 public class yihuqingjiu_response1 {
16 
17     public static void main(String[] args) throws ClientProtocolException, IOException {
18         //創建httpclient對象
19         CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
20         //代理對象
21         HttpHost proxy = new HttpHost("127.0.0.1", 8888, "http");
22         //配置對象
23         RequestConfig config = RequestConfig.custom().setProxy(proxy).build();
24         //創建請求方法的實例， 並指定請求url
25         HttpGet httpget=new HttpGet("http://www.qq.com");
26         //使用配置
27         httpget.setConfig(config);
28         CloseableHttpResponse response=httpClient.execute(httpget);
29         HttpEntity entity=response.getEntity();
30         String content=EntityUtils.toString(entity, "utf-8");
31         System.out.println(content);
32         System.out.println("------------------------------------");
33         //獲取響應狀態碼
34         int code = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
35         System.out.println("code:"+code);
36         String a = response.getStatusLine().toString();
37         System.out.println("a:"+a);    
38         httpClient.close();
39     }
40 
41 }

接收響應頭

響應頭也是Headers中的內容，如下圖所示：

實現代碼如下所示，里面包含多種實現方式，但輸出的內容都差不多

 1 package com.httpclient;
 2 
 3 import java.io.IOException;
 4 
 5 import org.apache.http.Header;
 6 import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
 7 import org.apache.http.HttpHost;
 8 import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
 9 import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
10 import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
11 import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
12 import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
13 import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
14 import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
15 
16 public class yihuqingjiu_response {
17 
18     public static void main(String[] args) throws ClientProtocolException, IOException {
19         //創建httpclient對象
20         CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
21         //代理對象
22         HttpHost proxy = new HttpHost("127.0.0.1", 8888, "http");
23         //配置對象
24         RequestConfig config = RequestConfig.custom().setProxy(proxy).build();
25         //創建請求方法的實例， 並指定請求url
26         HttpGet httpget=new HttpGet("http://www.qq.com");
27         //使用配置
28         httpget.setConfig(config);
29         CloseableHttpResponse response=httpClient.execute(httpget);
30         HttpEntity entity=response.getEntity();
31         String content=EntityUtils.toString(entity, "utf-8");
32         System.out.println(content);
33         System.out.println("------------------------------------");
34         //接收響應頭
35         //獲取一個響應頭，first和last兩個方法指的是，當里面有兩個一樣的響應時，就去第一個或最后一個
36         String server = response.getFirstHeader("Server").toString();
37         System.out.println(server);
38         //獲取所有響應頭
39         Header[] header = response.getAllHeaders();
40         //遍歷輸出所有
41         for(Header as:header){
42             System.out.println(as.toString());
43         }
44         System.out.println("------------------------------------");
45         //輸出name
46         for(Header name:header){
47             System.out.println(name.getName());
48         }
49         System.out.println("------------------------------------");
50         //輸出value
51         for(Header value:header){
52             System.out.println(value.getValue());
53         }
54         //輸出第一個
55         //System.out.println(header[0].toString());
56         //輸出數組大小
57         Header[] ha = response.getHeaders("Server");
58         System.out.println(ha.length);
59         httpClient.close();
60 
61     }
62 
63 }

遍歷輸出所有響應頭內容，如下所示：

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猜您在找 接口測試——HttpClient工具的https請求、代理設置、請求頭設置、獲取狀態碼和響應頭 springboot 獲取請求 / 響應接收和設置請求頭、請求碼的方法 http請求頭、請求狀態碼、http響應頭詳解 http狀態碼以及請求響應頭相關 HttpClient工具類(包含請求頭header設置token) 接口測試基礎知識（三）—— Http消息頭中常用的請求頭和響應頭 HTML 請求頭，響應頭和 HTTP狀態碼 HttpClient方式模擬http請求設置頭 tornado請求頭/狀態碼/接口筆記設置隨機請求頭和使用代理