什么是modal verb?翻譯成中文就是情態動詞。
modal的意思是模式的,情態的,形式的。Bootstrap中的模態框就是這個詞modal。
情態動詞翻譯挺准確的,就是表達說話人的情緒,態度或語氣的詞,本身就有一定的意義。我們中國有句話叫“聽話聽音”,在英語中也要聽這個音,而掌握了情態動詞就能有效幫你聽懂英語中的語言,語調,言外之意。
英語中情態動詞總共就那么幾個:can , could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, must, have to, used to ,ought to, dare, need.
- need和dare既可以做情態動詞也可以做實義動詞,所以容易提到情態動詞不太容易想到這兩個。
- have (has,had) to , used to是具有情態動詞特征的動詞。
一、modal verb的formulation
接下來看看modal verb的formulation公式,也就是它的一些feature.
- They are always follwed by the 'infinitive without to' 后面加不帶to的動詞不定式
- They are same for all the pronouns. 所有的代詞都用同樣的modal verb,沒有什么單三之類的。
- They do not need auxiliaries. They take direct negative and question forms.modal verb不需要助動詞,它直接加not就是否定形式。比如want“想要”,表達“不想要”我們需要助動詞do的否定形式我們會說do not want;但是情態動詞can 直接就是can not。
- They never combine with another modal verb.
接下來分別介紹一下。
二、can
1,Ability or lack of ability in the present or future.
這種用的最多,表達能力或者客觀的可能性。其實能力也是一種可能性嘛,你會,你可以就是你100%的成功可能性。不會就是0%,不太會,會一點都是可能性。
- They can't dance.
- Man can not live without air.
表示能力的can也可以被be able to 代替。
2,Giving / not giving permission
- You can use my office.
- You can't smoke here.
下面的算是一些高級用法。
3,表示驚異,懷疑,不相信的態度(用在否定句,疑問句或驚嘆句)
- Can this be true?
- How can you be so careless!
- This cannot be done by him.
4,can(could) + have + 過去分詞”的疑問或否定形式表示對過去發生的行為懷疑或不肯定
- He cannot have been to that town.
- Can he have got the book?
5,cannot```too\enough表示"無論怎樣``````也不過分","越``````越好"
- You cannot be too careful to cross the street.
- I can not thank enough for your kindness.我再怎么感謝你的好意也不為過。(我應該好好感謝你。)
三、could
1,Ability or lack of ability in the past
- I could read without glasses last year.去年我還可以不戴眼鏡看書,言外之意就是今年就不可以啦,我老啦之類的.
- I could not sleep last night.
2,在疑問句中making a request時候用
- Could you repeat that please?
- Could we have a break please?
could表示請求語氣很委婉。用的非常多,記得要多用,記得回答用can.
Could I come to see you tomorrow?
- Yes, you can.
- No, I'm afraid not.
3,用在肯定句中Making a suggestion
記得是only in the affirmative.
What do you suggest we have for dinner? We could have fish.
本文作者starof,因知識本身在變化,作者也在不斷學習成長,文章內容也不定時更新,為避免誤導讀者,方便追根溯源,請諸位轉載注明出處:http://www.cnblogs.com/starof/p/7549860.html有問題歡迎與我討論,共同進步。