centos 安裝oracle 11g r2（一）-----軟件安裝

1、進入管理員權限

[anzerong@localhost ~]# su - root
password
[root@localhost ~]#

2、創建用戶組oinstall

[root@localhost ~]# groupadd oinstall

3、創建用戶組dba

[root@localhost ~]# groupadd dba

4、創建oracle用戶，並加入到oinstall和dba用戶組

[root@localhost ~]# useradd -g oinstall -g dba -m oracle

5、設置用戶oracle的登陸密碼，不設置密碼，在CentOS的圖形登陸界面沒法登陸

[root@localhost ~]# passwd oracle
Changing password for user oracle.
New password: # 密碼
BAD PASSWORD: The password is shorter than 8 characters
Retype new password: # 再次輸入密碼
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

6、查看新建的oracle用戶

[root@localhost ~]# id oracle
uid=1001(oracle) gid=1002(dba) groups=1002(dba)

7、進入根目錄

[root@localhost ~]# cd /.

8、創建oracle數據庫安裝目錄

[root@localhost /]# mkdir -p /data/oracle

9、創建oracle數據庫配置文件目錄

[root@localhost /]# mkdir -p /data/oraInventory

10、創建oracle數據庫軟件包解壓目錄

[root@localhost /]# mkdir -p /data/database

11、創建完后檢查一下

[root@localhost /]# cd /data
[root@localhost data]# ls
database  oracle  oraInventory

12、設置目錄所有者為oinstall用戶組的oracle用戶

[root@localhost data]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/oracle
[root@localhost data]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/oraInventory
[root@localhost data]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/database

13、修改OS系統標識（oracle默認不支持CentOS系統安裝，但是centos與redhat的關系自行百度）

[root@localhost data]# cat /proc/version
Linux version 3.10.0-514.26.2.el7.x86_64 ([e-mail]) (gcc version 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-11) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Tue Jul 4 15:04:05 UTC 2017
[root@localhost data]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.3.1611 (Core)
[root@localhost data]# vi /etc/redhat-release
[root@localhost data]# cat /etc/redhat-release
redhat-7

14、安裝oracle數據庫所需要的軟件包

[root@localhost data]# yum install binutils compat-libcap1 gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-devel ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libXi  libXtst make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel glibc elfutils-libelf-devel compat*

15、查看防火牆狀態（運行中）

[root@localhost data]# systemctl status firewalld.service
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (running) since Wed 2017-09-13 09:23:08 CST; 25min ago
     Docs: man:firewalld(1)
 Main PID: 641 (firewalld)
   CGroup: /system.slice/firewalld.service
           └─641 /usr/bin/python -Es /usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid

Sep 13 09:22:58 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynami...
Sep 13 09:23:08 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic...
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

16、關閉防火牆

[root@localhost data]# systemctl stop firewalld.service

17、查看防火牆狀態（已關閉）

[root@localhost data]# systemctl status firewalld.service
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: inactive (dead) since Wed 2017-09-13 09:48:55 CST; 10s ago
     Docs: man:firewalld(1)
  Process: 641 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid $FIREWALLD_ARGS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 641 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

Sep 13 09:22:58 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynami...
Sep 13 09:23:08 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic...
Sep 13 09:48:54 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Stopping firewalld - dynami...
Sep 13 09:48:55 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Stopped firewalld - dynamic...
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

18、禁止使用防火牆（重啟也是禁止的）

[root@localhost data]# systemctl disable firewalld.service
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/basic.target.wants/firewalld.service.

19、關閉selinux（需重啟生效）

[root@localhost data]# vi /etc/selinux/config
[root@localhost data]# cat /etc/selinux/config

/etc/selinux/config 最終文檔為：

# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
# enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
# permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
# disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=disabled #此處修改為disabled
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three two values:
# targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
# minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected.
# mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted

20、修改內核參數（加入斜體部分）

[root@local++host data]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf
[root@localhost data]# cat /etc/sysctl.conf

# sysctl settings are defined through files in
# /usr/lib/sysctl.d/, /run/sysctl.d/, and /etc/sysctl.d/.
#
# Vendors settings live in /usr/lib/sysctl.d/.
# To override a whole file, create a new file with the same in
# /etc/sysctl.d/ and put new settings there. To override
# only specific settings, add a file with a lexically later
# name in /etc/sysctl.d/ and put new settings there.
#
# For more information, see sysctl.conf(5) and sysctl.d(5).
net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1
fs.file-max = 6815744 #設置最大打開文件數
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
kernel.shmall = 2097152 #共享內存的總量，8G內存設置：2097152*4k/1024/1024
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648 #最大共享內存的段大小
kernel.shmmni = 4096 #整個系統共享內存端的最大數
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 #可使用的IPv4端口范圍
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max= 4194304
net.core.wmem_default= 262144
net.core.wmem_max= 1048576

21、使配置修改內核的參數生效

[root@localhost data]# sysctl -p

net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1
sysctl: setting key "fs.file-max": Invalid argument
fs.file-max = 6815744 #設置最大打開文件數
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
sysctl: setting key "kernel.shmall": Invalid argument
kernel.shmall = 2097152 #共享內存的總量，8G內存設置：2097152*4k/1024/1024
sysctl: setting key "kernel.shmmax": Invalid argument
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648 #最大共享內存的段大小
sysctl: setting key "kernel.shmmni": Invalid argument
kernel.shmmni = 4096 #整個系統共享內存端的最大數
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
sysctl: setting key "net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range": Invalid argument
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 #可使用的IPv4端口范圍
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

22、對oracle用戶設置限制，提高軟件運行性能（斜體為添加部分）

[root@localhost data]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf
[root@localhost data]# cat /etc/security/limits.conf

# /etc/security/limits.conf
#
#This file sets the resource limits for the users logged in via PAM.
#It does not affect resource limits of the system services.
#
#Also note that configuration files in /etc/security/limits.d directory,
#which are read in alphabetical order, override the settings in this
#file in case the domain is the same or more specific.
#That means for example that setting a limit for wildcard domain here
#can be overriden with a wildcard setting in a config file in the
#subdirectory, but a user specific setting here can be overriden only
#with a user specific setting in the subdirectory.
#
#Each line describes a limit for a user in the form:
#
#
#
#Where:
# can be:
# - a user name
# - a group name, with @group syntax
# - the wildcard *, for default entry
# - the wildcard %, can be also used with %group syntax,
# for maxlogin limit
#
# can have the two values:
# - "soft" for enforcing the soft limits
# - "hard" for enforcing hard limits
#
# can be one of the following:
# - core - limits the core file size (KB)
# - data - max data size (KB)
# - fsize - maximum filesize (KB)
# - memlock - max locked-in-memory address space (KB)
# - nofile - max number of open file descriptors
# - rss - max resident set size (KB)
# - stack - max stack size (KB)
# - cpu - max CPU time (MIN)
# - nproc - max number of processes
# - as - address space limit (KB)
# - maxlogins - max number of logins for this user
# - maxsyslogins - max number of logins on the system
# - priority - the priority to run user process with
# - locks - max number of file locks the user can hold
# - sigpending - max number of pending signals
# - msgqueue - max memory used by POSIX message queues (bytes)
# - nice - max nice priority allowed to raise to values: [-20, 19]
# - rtprio - max realtime priority
#
#
#

#* soft core 0
#* hard rss 10000
#@student hard nproc 20
#@faculty soft nproc 20
#@faculty hard nproc 50
#ftp hard nproc 0
#@student - maxlogins 4

oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536

# End of file

23、配置用戶的環境變量（斜體部分為添加代碼）

[root@localhost data]# vi /home/oracle/.bash_profile
[root@localhost data]# cat /home/oracle/.bash_profile

# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
. ~/.bashrc
fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin

export PATH

export ORACLE_BASE=/data/oracle #oracle數據庫安裝目錄
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1 #oracle數據庫路徑
export ORACLE_SID=orcl #oracle啟動數據庫實例名
export ORACLE_TERM=xterm #xterm窗口模式安裝
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/sbin:$PATH #添加系統環境變量
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib #添加系統環境變量
export LANG=C #防止安裝過程出現亂碼
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK #設置Oracle客戶端字符集，必須與Oracle安裝時設置的字符集保持一致

24、使用戶的環境變量配置立即生效

[root@localhost data]# source /home/oracle/.bash_profile

25、將安裝包移動到/usr/local/src路徑下

[root@localhost ~]# cd /.
[root@localhost /]# cd /home/anzerong/Desktop/
[root@localhost Desktop]# ls
linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip  linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
[root@localhost Desktop]# mv linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip /usr/local/src
[root@localhost Desktop]# ls
linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
[root@localhost Desktop]# mv linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip /usr/local/src

26、重啟系統，確保所有設置生效

[root@localhost Desktop]# reboot

27、從oracle用戶進入/usr/local/src目錄

[oracle@localhost /]$ cd /usr/local/src
[oracle@localhost src]$ ls
linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip  linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

28、解壓兩個軟件包至/data/database/目錄下

[oracle@localhost src]$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip -d /data/database/　　#解壓
(省略...)
[oracle@localhost src]$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip -d /data/database/　　#解壓
(省略...)

29、進入管理員權限

[oracle@localhost src]$ su root
Password:

30、設置目錄所有者為oinstall用戶組的oracle用戶

[root@localhost src]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/database/database/

31、執行安裝腳本

[oracle@localhost /]$ cd /data/database/database/
[oracle@localhost database]$ ls
doc  install  response  rpm  runInstaller  sshsetup  stage  welcome.html
[oracle@localhost database]$ ./runInstaller 
Starting Oracle Universal Installer...
(省略...)

oracle圖形化安裝界面打開

32、++Configure Security Updates++
去掉 I wish to receive security updates via My Oracle Support.
點擊 “Nest >”

33、++Installation Option++
選擇第二項 Install database software only
點擊 “Nest >”

34、++Grid Options++
選擇單例模式 Single instance database installation
點擊 “Nest >”

35、++Product Languages++
選擇英語 English（根據系統默認選擇好了）
點擊 “Nest >”

36、++Database Edition++
選擇第一個企業版

37、++Installation Location++
確定數據軟件的安裝路徑，自動讀取前面Oracle環境變量中配置的值
點擊 “Nest >”

38、++Create Inventory++
選擇默認，不做修改
點擊 “Nest >”

39、++Operation System Groups++
全部使用dba用戶組
點擊 “Nest >”

40、++Prepequisite Checks++
按照提示信息一個一個解決
點擊 “Nest >”

PS：pdksh安裝
1、卸載已安裝的ksh

[root@localhost Desktop]# rpm -e pdksh*
[root@localhost Desktop]# rpm -e ksh*

2、下載pdksh-5.2.14-21.x86_64.rpm
3、安裝

[root@localhost Desktop]# rpm -ivh pdksh-5.2.14-21.x86_64.rpm --force --nodeps

按提示解決缺少的依賴包，之后點擊 “Check Again”

可以忽略缺少的32bit依賴包

41、++Summary++
點擊 “Finsh”

42、++Install Product++
在此過程中，安裝界面會變成黑色，有一長條出現（其實是一個提示框），調整高度與寬度查看，
或者可以直接右鍵選擇close

43、++Finish++

參考：http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-04/130559.htm

centos 安裝oracle 11g r2（二）-----監聽配置與創建數據庫實例
http://www.cnblogs.com/anzerong2012/p/7940850.html
centos 安裝oracle 11g r2（三）-----表空間創建
http://www.cnblogs.com/anzerong2012/p/7941179.html