Oracle Active Data Guard搭建
一：安裝
1.基礎環境配置
1.1.開啟強制日志記錄
- DG日志發送方式中ARCH進程和LGWR進程的ASYNC模式都是基於日志同步的，所以我們必須強制將數據庫的所有操作記錄到日志中
RAC2：關閉庫
SQL> shutdown
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
RAC1：開啟強制日志記錄
SQL> alter database force logging;
Database altered.
ALL Node：開啟rac2，並驗證日志記錄模式
RAC1
SQL> select log_mode,force_logging from v$database;
LOG_MODE FOR
------------ ---
ARCHIVELOG YES
RAC2
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 2020970496 bytes
Fixed Size 2214776 bytes
Variable Size 1224737928 bytes
Database Buffers 788529152 bytes
Redo Buffers 5488640 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> select log_mode,force_logging from v$database;
LOG_MODE FOR
------------ ---
ARCHIVELOG YES
1.2.主庫備份
- 創建rman備份目錄
[root@racnode1 u01]# mkdir rmanbak
[root@racnode1 u01]# ls
app rmanbak
[root@racnode1 u01]# chown oracle:oinstall rmanbak
- 使用rman對database和archive log進行備份
[oracle@racnode1 ~]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Aug 9 10:26:21 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1479188731)
RMAN> run {
allocate channel c1 type disk;
allocate channel c2 type disk;
allocate channel c3 type disk;
allocate channel c4 type disk;
backup database format '/u01/rmanbak/FULL_%U.bak';
backup archivelog all format '/u01/rmanbak/ARC_%U.bak';
release channel c1;
release channel c2;
release channel c3;
release channel c4;
}
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: c1
channel c1: SID=148 instance=orcl1 device type=DISK
allocated channel: c2
channel c2: SID=29 instance=orcl1 device type=DISK
allocated channel: c3
channel c3: SID=156 instance=orcl1 device type=DISK
allocated channel: c4
channel c4: SID=32 instance=orcl1 device type=DISK
Starting backup at 09-AUG-2017 10:26:44
channel c1: starting full datafile backup set
channel c1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=+DATA/orcl/datafile/system.256.951407925
channel c1: starting piece 1 at 09-AUG-2017 10:26:44
channel c2: starting full datafile backup set
channel c2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00002 name=+DATA/orcl/datafile/sysaux.257.951407925
input datafile file number=00004 name=+DATA/orcl/datafile/users.259.951407925
channel c2: starting piece 1 at 09-AUG-2017 10:26:44
channel c3: starting full datafile backup set
channel c3: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00003 name=+DATA/orcl/datafile/undotbs1.258.951407925
input datafile file number=00005 name=+DATA/orcl/datafile/undotbs2.264.951408055
channel c3: starting piece 1 at 09-AUG-2017 10:26:45
channel c4: starting full datafile backup set
channel c4: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
channel c4: starting piece 1 at 09-AUG-2017 10:26:52
channel c3: finished piece 1 at 09-AUG-2017 10:26:56
piece handle=/u01/rmanbak/FULL_03sbfaj4_1_1.bak tag=TAG20170809T102644 comment=NONE
channel c3: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:11
channel c3: starting full datafile backup set
channel c3: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel c3: starting piece 1 at 09-AUG-2017 10:26:57
channel c4: finished piece 1 at 09-AUG-2017 10:26:57
piece handle=/u01/rmanbak/FULL_04sbfaj5_1_1.bak tag=TAG20170809T102644 comment=NONE
channel c4: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:05
channel c1: finished piece 1 at 09-AUG-2017 10:26:57
piece handle=/u01/rmanbak/FULL_01sbfaj4_1_1.bak tag=TAG20170809T102644 comment=NONE
channel c1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:13
channel c2: finished piece 1 at 09-AUG-2017 10:26:58
piece handle=/u01/rmanbak/FULL_02sbfaj4_1_1.bak tag=TAG20170809T102644 comment=NONE
channel c2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:14
channel c3: finished piece 1 at 09-AUG-2017 10:26:58
piece handle=/u01/rmanbak/FULL_05sbfajh_1_1.bak tag=TAG20170809T102644 comment=NONE
channel c3: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 09-AUG-2017 10:26:58
Starting backup at 09-AUG-2017 10:26:59
current log archived
channel c1: starting archived log backup set
channel c1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=5 RECID=1 STAMP=951408120
input archived log thread=2 sequence=1 RECID=2 STAMP=951408150
input archived log thread=1 sequence=6 RECID=5 STAMP=951447623
channel c1: starting piece 1 at 09-AUG-2017 10:26:59
channel c2: starting archived log backup set
channel c2: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=2 sequence=2 RECID=3 STAMP=951408156
input archived log thread=2 sequence=3 RECID=4 STAMP=951447623
input archived log thread=2 sequence=4 RECID=8 STAMP=951555111
channel c2: starting piece 1 at 09-AUG-2017 10:26:59
channel c3: starting archived log backup set
channel c3: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=7 RECID=6 STAMP=951516208
input archived log thread=1 sequence=8 RECID=7 STAMP=951555108
channel c3: starting piece 1 at 09-AUG-2017 10:26:59
channel c4: starting archived log backup set
channel c4: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=9 RECID=11 STAMP=951560819
input archived log thread=2 sequence=5 RECID=9 STAMP=951558975
input archived log thread=2 sequence=6 RECID=10 STAMP=951560429
channel c4: starting piece 1 at 09-AUG-2017 10:26:59
channel c1: finished piece 1 at 09-AUG-2017 10:27:00
piece handle=/u01/rmanbak/ARC_06sbfajj_1_1.bak tag=TAG20170809T102659 comment=NONE
channel c1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel c2: finished piece 1 at 09-AUG-2017 10:27:00
piece handle=/u01/rmanbak/ARC_07sbfajj_1_1.bak tag=TAG20170809T102659 comment=NONE
channel c2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel c3: finished piece 1 at 09-AUG-2017 10:27:00
piece handle=/u01/rmanbak/ARC_08sbfajj_1_1.bak tag=TAG20170809T102659 comment=NONE
channel c3: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel c4: finished piece 1 at 09-AUG-2017 10:27:00
piece handle=/u01/rmanbak/ARC_09sbfajj_1_1.bak tag=TAG20170809T102659 comment=NONE
channel c4: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 09-AUG-2017 10:27:00
released channel: c1
released channel: c2
released channel: c3
released channel: c4
- 驗證備份
[oracle@racnode1 ~]$ ll -th /u01/rmanbak/
總用量 1.3G
-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin 89M 8月 9 10:27 ARC_08sbfajj_1_1.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin 81M 8月 9 10:27 ARC_07sbfajj_1_1.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin 4.5M 8月 9 10:26 ARC_09sbfajj_1_1.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin 30M 8月 9 10:26 ARC_06sbfajj_1_1.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin 424M 8月 9 10:26 FULL_02sbfaj4_1_1.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin 96K 8月 9 10:26 FULL_05sbfajh_1_1.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin 588M 8月 9 10:26 FULL_01sbfaj4_1_1.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin 18M 8月 9 10:26 FULL_04sbfaj5_1_1.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin 3.6M 8月 9 10:26 FULL_03sbfaj4_1_1.bak
1.3.在Primary上創建Standby Database的控制文件
SQL> alter database create standby controlfile as'/u01/rmanbak/standby.ctl';
Database altered.
1.4.在Primary上創建Standby Database初始化參數文件
SQL> create pfile='/u01/rmanbak/initphyracdb.ora' from spfile;
File created.
1.5.拷貝密碼文件
[oracle@racnode1 dbs]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs
[oracle@racnode1 dbs]$ cp orapworcl1 /u01/rmanbak/
1.6.拷貝/rmanbak下的所有備份文件到備庫
[oracle@racnode1 rmanbak]$ scp * oracle@192.168.30.134:/u01/rmanbak/
The authenticity of host '192.168.30.134 (192.168.30.134)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is 43:e6:68:ce:37:01:1f:12:46:19:27:39:a5:ba:02:7d.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.30.134' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
oracle@192.168.30.134's password:
ARC_06sbfajj_1_1.bak 100% 29MB 29.4MB/s 00:00
ARC_07sbfajj_1_1.bak 100% 81MB 80.8MB/s 00:00
ARC_08sbfajj_1_1.bak 100% 88MB 88.0MB/s 00:01
ARC_09sbfajj_1_1.bak 100% 4598KB 4.5MB/s 00:00
FULL_01sbfaj4_1_1.bak 100% 587MB 117.4MB/s 00:05
FULL_02sbfaj4_1_1.bak 100% 424MB 84.8MB/s 00:05
FULL_03sbfaj4_1_1.bak 100% 3680KB 3.6MB/s 00:00
FULL_04sbfaj5_1_1.bak 100% 18MB 17.7MB/s 00:01
FULL_05sbfajh_1_1.bak 100% 96KB 96.0KB/s 00:00
initphyracdb.ora 100% 1390 1.4KB/s 00:00
orapworcl1 100% 1536 1.5KB/s 00:00
standby.ctl 100% 18MB 17.6MB/s 00:00
1.7.將拷貝到備庫上的初始化文件，並修改
orcl.__db_cache_size=771751936
orcl.__java_pool_size=16777216
orcl.__large_pool_size=16777216
orcl.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
orcl.__pga_aggregate_target=822083584
orcl.__sga_target=1207959552
orcl.__shared_io_pool_size=0
orcl.__shared_pool_size=385875968
orcl.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.cluster_database=false
*.compatible='11.2.0.0.0'
# 指定控制文件路徑
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control02.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_create_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl'
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='orcl'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=10737418240
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=orclXDB)'
orcl.instance_number=1
# 歸檔配置
*.log_archive_config='dg_config=(orcl,rac)'
# 本地歸檔
*.log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/u01/archive_log VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES)'
# 遠程歸檔
*.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=rac LGWR ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=rac'
*.log_archive_dest_state_1='ENABLE'
*.log_archive_dest_state_2='ENABLE'
*.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.dbf'
*.log_archive_max_processes=5
*.memory_target=2030043136
*.open_cursors=300
*.processes=150
# 啟用本地密碼，默認即可
*.remote_login_passwordfile='exclusive'
orcl.thread=1
*.service_names='racdg'
*.standby_file_management='auto'
orcl.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
# dbf文件路徑轉換
*.db_file_name_convert='+DATA/ORCL/DATAFILE','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl'
*.db_unique_name='orcl'
# 當前節點【對應監聽文件】
*.fal_client='orcl'
# 主節點【對應監聽文件】
*.fal_server='rac1','rac2'
# 日志文件路徑轉換
*.log_file_name_convert='+REDO/ORCL','/u01/archive_log','+DATA/orcl','/u01/group_log'
1.8.使用修改后的初始化文件啟動備庫到nomount狀態
SQL> startup pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initphyracdb.ora' nomount;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 2020970496 bytes
Fixed Size 2254664 bytes
Variable Size 1224739000 bytes
Database Buffers 788529152 bytes
Redo Buffers 5447680 bytes
1.9.備庫恢復控制文件
restore controlfile from '/u01/rmanbak/standby.ctl';
1.10.切換備庫到mount狀態
SQL> alter database mount;
Database altered.
SQL> select status from v$instance;
STATUS
------------------------------------
MOUNTED
1.20.使用rman將主庫數據恢復到備庫
會自動識別當前目錄下的備份文件
RMAN> run {
allocate channel c1 type disk;
allocate channel c2 type disk;
allocate channel c3 type disk;
allocate channel c4 type disk;
restore database ;
release channel c1;
release channel c2;
release channel c3;
release channel c4;
}
released channel: ORA_DISK_1
allocated channel: c1
channel c1: SID=129 device type=DISK
allocated channel: c2
channel c2: SID=193 device type=DISK
allocated channel: c3
channel c3: SID=7 device type=DISK
allocated channel: c4
channel c4: SID=69 device type=DISK
Starting restore at 09-AUG-17
Starting implicit crosscheck backup at 09-AUG-17
Crosschecked 9 objects
Finished implicit crosscheck backup at 09-AUG-17
Starting implicit crosscheck copy at 09-AUG-17
Finished implicit crosscheck copy at 09-AUG-17
searching for all files in the recovery area
cataloging files...
no files cataloged
channel c1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel c1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel c1: restoring datafile 00003 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl//undotbs1.258.951407925
channel c1: restoring datafile 00005 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl//undotbs2.264.951408055
channel c1: reading from backup piece /u01/rmanbak/FULL_03sbfaj4_1_1.bak
channel c2: starting datafile backup set restore
channel c2: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel c2: restoring datafile 00001 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl//system.256.951407925
channel c2: reading from backup piece /u01/rmanbak/FULL_01sbfaj4_1_1.bak
channel c3: starting datafile backup set restore
channel c3: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel c3: restoring datafile 00002 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl//sysaux.257.951407925
channel c3: restoring datafile 00004 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl//users.259.951407925
channel c3: reading from backup piece /u01/rmanbak/FULL_02sbfaj4_1_1.bak
channel c1: piece handle=/u01/rmanbak/FULL_03sbfaj4_1_1.bak tag=TAG20170809T102644
channel c1: restored backup piece 1
channel c1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel c3: piece handle=/u01/rmanbak/FULL_02sbfaj4_1_1.bak tag=TAG20170809T102644
channel c3: restored backup piece 1
channel c3: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
channel c2: piece handle=/u01/rmanbak/FULL_01sbfaj4_1_1.bak tag=TAG20170809T102644
channel c2: restored backup piece 1
channel c2: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15
Finished restore at 09-AUG-17
released channel: c1
released channel: c2
released channel: c3
released channel: c4
1.11.添加備庫的日志組
SQL> alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 5 size 50M,group 6 size 50M,group 7 size 50M;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database add standby logfile thread 2 group 8 size 50M,group 9 size 50M,group 10 size 50M;
Database altered.
1.12.主庫參數調整
# 設置本地歸檔路徑
SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=+REDO VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES)';
System altered.
# 設置遠程歸檔路徑
SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=orcl LGWR ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcl';
System altered.
# 驗證歸檔設置
SQL> show parameter log_archive
# 開啟遠程歸檔傳輸
SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2=enable;
System altered.
1.13.開啟備庫應用日志
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;
Database altered.
執行上條命令后，Standby database應為是延遲傳輸，只有在歸檔時，才會發生應用，所以在查詢日志應用情況時，會發現在當前日志會顯示IN MEMORY。
SQL> select thread#, sequence#, applied from v$archived_log;
THREAD# SEQUENCE# APPLIED
---------- ---------- ---------
1 132 YES
2 126 YES
1 133 YES
1 134 IN-MEMORY
1.14.開啟ADG
ADG:11G的新特性，在備庫上已open狀態，打開日志應用進程，默認會 READ ONLY WITH APPLY狀態模式，在應用日志的同時也可以讀standby database進行查詢。11G之間，應用日志時，只能以mount模式打開。
Standby Database
- 取消日志應用
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database cancel;
Database altered.
- 以open模式打開數據庫
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.
- 開啟日志應用
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;
Database altered.
- 查詢數據庫模式是否正常
SQL> select dbid,name,open_mode,current_scn,protection_mode,database_role,force_logging,open_mode,switchover_status from v$database;
DBID NAME OPEN_MODE CURRENT_SCN PROTECTION_MODE
---------- --------- -------------------- ----------- --------------------
DATABASE_ROLE FOR OPEN_MODE SWITCHOVER_STATUS
---------------- --- -------------------- --------------------
1479188731 ORCL READ ONLY WITH APPLY 3638179 MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE
PHYSICAL STANDBY YES READ ONLY WITH APPLY NOT ALLOWED
2.驗證DG狀態是否正常
2.1.查看archive log序列是否一致
Primary Database
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination +REDO
Oldest online log sequence 21
Next log sequence to archive 22
Current log sequence 22
Standby Database
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination /u01/app/oracle/arch
Oldest online log sequence 21
Next log sequence to archive 0
Current log sequence 22
2.2.查看DG狀態
Primary Database
SQL> select dbid,name,open_mode,current_scn,protection_mode,database_role,force_logging,open_mode,switchover_status from v$database;
DBID NAME OPEN_MODE CURRENT_SCN PROTECTION_MODE
---------- --------- -------------------- ----------- --------------------
DATABASE_ROLE FOR OPEN_MODE SWITCHOVER_STATUS
---------------- --- -------------------- --------------------
1479188731 ORCL READ WRITE 1407507 MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE
PRIMARY YES READ WRITE TO STANDBY
- PROTECTION_MODE：MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE 默認最大性能模式
- DATABASE_ROLE：PRIMARY 角色
- SWITCHOVER_STATUS：切換狀態（可以查看出當前DG狀態）
- NOT ALLOWED 當前庫無備庫
- TO STANDBY 當前庫可以切換成備庫
- RESOLVABLE GAP 主庫和備庫之間有GAP間隙
Standby Database
2.3.驗證日志應用
select thread#, sequence#, applied from v$archived_log;
2.4.查看相應進程是否起來
select process from v$managed_standby;