在Windows上使用Ubuntu共享的打印機

Ubuntu下使用cups共享打印機， 是一種簡單易用的方法。CUPS(Common UNIX Printing System，通用Unix打印系統)是Fedora Core3中支持的打印系統，它主要是使用IPP(Internet Printing Protocol)來管理打印工作及隊列，但同時也支持"LPD"(Line Printer Daemon)和"SMB"(Server Message Block)以及AppSocket等通信協議。(From baike.baidu.com)

CUPS － 打印服務器

Ubuntu 印刷和打印服務的主要機制是 CUPS (Common UNIX Printing System，通用 UNIX 打印系統)。這個打印系統是一個免費可用的、可移植的打印虛擬層，並已成為大多數 Linux 發行版的新打印標准。

CUPS 管理打印作業和隊列，並使用標准的 Internet 打印協議 (IPP) 提供網絡打印，該協議提供最大范圍的打印機支持，從點陣打印機到激光打印機以及位於兩者之間的許多打印機。CUPS 也支持 PostScript Printer Description (PPD) 和網絡打印機的自動檢測，以及提供基於 Web 的簡單配置和管理工具。

安裝
配置
Web Interface
參考資料

安裝

To install CUPS on your Ubuntu computer, simply use sudo with the apt command and give the packages to install as the first parameter. A complete CUPS install has many package dependencies, but they may all be specified on the same command line. Enter the following at a terminal prompt to install CUPS:

sudo apt install cups

Upon authenticating with your user password, the packages should be downloaded and installed without error. Upon the conclusion of installation, the CUPS server will be started automatically.

For troubleshooting purposes, you can access CUPS server errors via the error log file at: /var/log/cups/error_log. If the error log does not show enough information to troubleshoot any problems you encounter, the verbosity of the CUPS log can be increased by changing the LogLevel directive in the configuration file (discussed below) to "debug" or even "debug2", which logs everything, from the default of "info". If you make this change, remember to change it back once you've solved your problem, to prevent the log file from becoming overly large.

配置

可以通過 /etc/cups/cupsd.conf 文件中的指令來配置通用 UNIX 打印系統服務器的行為的。CUPS 配置文件與 Apache HTTP 服務器的主配置文件語法相同，因此熟悉編輯 Apache 配置文件的用戶在編輯 CUPS 配置文件時會感到相當容易。在這里將顯示一些您可能想要改變初始值的設置范例。

在編輯配置文件之前，您應該將原始文件做個副本並將其寫保護，以便您可以將原始文件作為參考並在必要時重用它。
拷貝 /etc/cups/cupsd.conf 文件並對其寫保護，可以在終端提示符后執行以下命令：

sudo cp /etc/cups/cupsd.conf /etc/cups/cupsd.conf.original
sudo chmod a-w /etc/cups/cupsd.conf.original

1. ServerAdmin: To configure the email address of the designated administrator of the CUPS server, simply edit the /etc/cups/cupsd.conf configuration file with your preferred text editor, and add or modify the ServerAdmin line accordingly. For example, if you are the Administrator for the CUPS server, and your e-mail address is '[e-mail]', then you would modify the ServerAdmin line to appear as such:
   ServerAdmin [e-mail]

2. Listen: By default on Ubuntu, the CUPS server installation listens only on the loopback interface at IP address 127.0.0.1. In order to instruct the CUPS server to listen on an actual network adapter's IP address, you must specify either a hostname, the IP address, or optionally, an IP address/port pairing via the addition of a Listen directive. For example, if your CUPS server resides on a local network at the IP address 192.168.10.250 and you'd like to make it accessible to the other systems on this subnetwork, you would edit the /etc/cups/cupsd.conf and add a Listen directive, as such:

Listen 127.0.0.1:631 # existing loopback Listen
Listen /var/run/cups/cups.sock # existing socket Listen
Listen 192.168.10.250:631 # Listen on the LAN interface, Port 631 (IPP)

在上面的例子里，如果您不想 cupsd 監聽環回地址 (127.0.0.1) ，您可能注釋或刪除了相關語句。但最好保留它以監聽局域網 (LAN) 的以太網接口。為了能監聽一個特定主機名所綁定的所有的網絡接口，您可以為 socrates 主機名創建一個 Listen 條目，如下所示：
Listen socrates:631 # Listen on all interfaces for the hostname 'socrates'
或者忽略 Listen 語句並使用 Port 來代替，如：
Port 631 # Listen on port 631 on all interfaces

關於 CUPS 服務器配置文件中配置語句的更多范例，通過在終端提示符后輸入以下命令可以查閱相關的系統手冊頁：

man cupsd.conf

無論您在什么時間修改了 /etc/cups/cupsd.conf 配置文件，您都需要重啟 CUPS 服務，在終端提示符后鍵入以下命令：
sudo systemctl restart cups.service

Web Interface

CUPS can be configured and monitored using a web interface, which by default is available at http://localhost:631/admin. The web interface can be used to perform all printer management tasks.

In order to perform administrative tasks via the web interface, you must either have the root account enabled on your server, or authenticate as a user in the lpadmin group. For security reasons, CUPS won't authenticate a user that doesn't have a password.

To add a user to the lpadmin group, run at the terminal prompt:

sudo usermod -aG lpadmin username

Further documentation is available in the Documentation/Help tab of the web interface.

在http://localhost:631/admin頁面中找到Server Settings，選擇"Share printers connected to this system"及其子項"Allow printing from the Internet"，點擊"Change Setting"按鈕保存設置。

進入http://localhost:631/printers/頁面點擊自己打印機的名字，復制跳轉到的頁面的URL，即打印機的地址。然后，就可以在Windows上添加使用Ubuntu共享的打印機了。

參考資料

CUPS 網絡
Debian Open-iSCSI page

參考文獻

1.http://www.cnblogs.com/yuxc/archive/2012/03/01/2375846.html
2.http://www.360doc.com/content/10/0705/12/254935_37021593.shtml
3.https://help.ubuntu.com/lts/serverguide/cups.html