基於Python3的12306登錄實現

一、一些用到的技術

　　1.1解析驗證碼（聯眾-收費，兩分錢一個）

　　　　驗證碼識別設計機器學習，沒有耗費時間去實現，所以采用了第三方（聯眾）的在線打碼，注冊充值便可使用，識別率挺高的，驗證碼識別種類不少，充了五十塊玩了好久還剩不少。具體地址http://v1-http-api.jsdama.com/api.php?mod=php

　　

　　1.2 具體實現代碼,此部分負責登錄的部分邏輯（__init__.py）

　　

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import sys
sys.path.append("..")
import requests, json
from common.base import Base
from requests.packages.urllib3.exceptions import InsecureRequestWarning  
# 禁用安全請求警告  
requests.packages.urllib3.disable_warnings(InsecureRequestWarning)  

__author__ = 'Rachel feng'
PATH = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn'
__all__ = ['LoginTic']

class LoginTic(Base):

    def __init__(self):
        super(LoginTic, self).__init__()

    # 驗證結果  
    def checkYanZheng(self,solution):  
        # # 分割用戶輸入的驗證碼位置  
        # 225,83|181,31|35,67 => 225,83,181,31,35,67
        yanStr = solution.replace('|',',')
        print('校驗驗證碼......')
        checkUrl = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/passport/captcha/captcha-check"  
        data = {  
            'login_site':'E',           #固定的  
            'rand':'sjrand',            #固定的  
            'answer':yanStr    #驗證碼對應的坐標，兩個為一組，跟選擇順序有關,有幾個正確的，輸入幾個  
        } 
        print(data)
        # 發送驗證 
        cont = self.requests.post(checkUrl, data=data, verify=False)  
        # 返回json格式的字符串，用json模塊解析  
        dic = cont.json()  
        code = dic['result_code']  
        # 取出驗證結果，4：成功  5：驗證失敗  7：過期  
        if str(code) == '4':  
            return True  
        else:
            print(dic)
            return False  
  
    # 發送登錄請求的方法  
    def loginTo(self, userName, pwd):
        yan = self.decode_captcha(url) 
        check = False  
        # #只有驗證成功后才能執行登錄操作  
        # while not check:  
        check = self.checkYanZheng(yan)
        if not check:
            return 600, '驗證失敗，請重新驗證'

        loginUrl = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/passport/web/login"  
        data = {  
            'username':userName,  
            'password':pwd,  
            'appid':'otn'  
        }
        print(data)
        headers = {
            'Origin': 'https://kyfw.12306.cn',
            'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/59.0.3071.86 Safari/537.36',
            'Referer': 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/login/init',
            'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8',
            'Accept': 'application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01'
        }
        result = self.requests.post(loginUrl,data=data,headers=headers)  
        dic = result.json() 
        print(dic)
        mes = dic['result_message']  
        # 結果的編碼方式是Unicode編碼，所以對比的時候字符串前面加u,或者mes.encode('utf-8') == '登錄成功'進行判斷，否則報錯  
        if mes == u'登錄成功':
            # 獲取cookie
            r = self.requests.post('https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/login/userLogin')

            data = {'appid': 'otn'}
            r = self.requests.post('https://kyfw.12306.cn/passport/web/auth/uamtk', data=data)
            if r.status_code != 200:
                return 600, '登錄驗證不通過'

            d = r.json()
            if d.get('result_code') == 0:
                data = {
                    'tk': d.get('newapptk')
                }
                r = self.requests.post('https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/uamauthclient', data=data)
                d = r.json()
                print(d)
                if d.get('result_code') == 0:
                    print('恭喜你，登錄成功，可以購票!')
                    return True

            else:
                return 600, d.get('result')
        else: 
            print(dic.get('result_message'))
            return 600, dic.get('result_message')

    def get_info(self):
        data = {'_json_att': ''}
        headers = {
            'Referer': 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/index/initMy12306',
            'Origin': 'https://kyfw.12306.cn',
            'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/59.0.3071.86 Safari/537.36',
            'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
        }
        r = self.requests.post('https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/modifyUser/initQueryUserInfo', data=data, headers=headers)
        if r.status_code != 200:
            print('獲取購票人信息異常')

        with open('__tmp/userInfo.html', 'wb') as f:
            f.write(r.content)
            f.close() 
        print('獲取信息成功')

if __name__ == '__main__':  
    userName = '’ # 12306登錄賬號
    pwd = '' #12306登錄密碼
    url = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/passport/captcha/captcha-image?login_site=E&module=login&rand=sjrand";   
    login = LoginTic()  
    d = login.loginTo(userName, pwd)
    if type(d) != tuple:
        login.get_info()
    else:
        print(d)

      1.2base.py(在comment目錄底下共用)

　　

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import importlib, logging, codecs, json, datetime, time
import web, requests
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
from jinja2 import Template

__all__ = ["cache_session"]

# API_PATH = 'http://bbb4.hyslt.com/api.php?mod=php'
API_PATH = 'http://v1-http-api.jsdama.com/api.php?mod=php'
USERNAME = ''    #聯眾賬號
PASSWORD = ''   #聯眾密碼
TOKEN = ''

class  Base(object):
    """docstring for  base"""
    def __init__(self):
        self.session = requests.session()  
        net = requests.Session()
        net.timeout = 30
        net.headers.update({  
            "User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_3) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/59.0.3071.115 Safari/537.36"  
        })
        retries = requests.packages.urllib3.util.retry.Retry(total=3, backoff_factor=0.1,
                                                             status_forcelist=[500, 502, 503, 504])
        adapter = requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter(max_retries=retries)
        net.mount('http://', adapter)
        net.mount('https://', adapter)
        self.requests = net

    # 識別
    def decode(self, img, codetype=1303, minlength=1, maxlength=8):
        """
        img:      驗證碼圖片
        codetype: 驗證碼類型（https://www.jsdati.com/price）
            1001: 四個字母,數字
            1201: 計算題
            1008: 純字母驗證碼
            1009: 純數字驗證碼
            1013: 5位字母加數字(5位純字母）
            1014: 6位字母加數字（6位純字母）
            1015: 7位字母加數字（7位純字母）
            1313: 坐標點擊3次
            1314: 坐標點擊4次
        minlength: 驗證碼最小長度
        maxlength: 驗證碼最大長度
        """
        data = {
            'user_name': USERNAME,
            'user_pw': PASSWORD,
            'zztool_token': TOKEN,
            'yzmtype_mark': codetype,
            'yzm_minlen': minlength,
            'yzm_maxlen': maxlength
        }
        files = {
            'upload': img
        }
        try:
            r = self.requests.post(API_PATH, params={'act':'upload'}, data=data, files=files, timeout=20)
        except:
            return 504, '連接超時'
        d = r.json()
        return d

    # 獲取驗證碼圖片  
    def decode_captcha(self, url): 
        print('get code....') 
        response = self.requests.get(url, verify=False)  
        # 把驗證碼圖片保存到本地  
        with open('vcode.png','wb') as f:  
            f.write(response.content)  
        # 用pillow模塊打開並解析驗證碼,這里是假的，自動解析以后學會了再實現  
        try:  
            content = response.content
        except:
            content = None
            print('獲取驗證碼失敗')

        # 識別
        print('decode...')
        d = self.decode(content)
        # 識別成功
        if type(d) is dict and d['result']:
            code = d['data']['val']
            print(code)
            # 保存驗證碼圖片
            return code
        elif type(d) is str:
            return d

1.3一些亂七八糟補充的：

項目目錄

comment

    ---__init__.py

    ---base.py

test

　 ---__init__.py

 驗證碼識別有時候識別不准確，導致校驗有時候會不通過，得檢查一下請求頭什么的。

2.運行結果