一、HTTPS 服務
為什么需要HTTPS?
原因:HTTP不安全
1、傳輸數據被中間人盜用、信息泄露
2、數據內容劫持、篡改
HTTPS協議的實現
對傳輸內容進行加密以及身份驗證
HTTPS加密校驗方式
非對稱加密+對稱加密
CA簽名證書
二、生成秘鑰和CA證書
生產環境上可以直接從第三方機構獲取CA證書,跳過這一步。
#檢查是否安裝openssl
openssl version
步驟一:生成key秘鑰
#在/etc/nginx 目錄下新建 ssl_key 目錄
[root@sam ~]# mkdir /etc/nginx/ssl_key
[root@sam ~]# cd /etc/nginx/ssl_key
#新建key文件,並輸入密碼
[root@sam ssl_key]# openssl genrsa -idea -out sam.key 1024
Generating RSA private key, 1024 bit long modulus
....................................++++++
...................++++++
e is 65537 (0x10001)
Enter pass phrase for sam.key:
Verifying - Enter pass phrase for sam.key:
步驟二:生成證書簽名請求文件(csr文件)
[root@sam ssl_key]# openssl req -new -key sam.key -out sam.csr
Enter pass phrase for sam.key:
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) []:guangdong
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:guangzhou
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:sam
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:sam
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:sam
Email Address []:xxx@sam.com
Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:
An optional company name []:sam
[root@sam ssl_key]# ls
sam.csr sam.key
步驟三:生成證書簽名文件(CA證書) 或 從第三方機構獲取
[root@sam ssl_key]# openssl x509 -req -days 3650 -in sam.csr -signkey sam.key -out sam.crt
[root@sam ssl_key]# ls
sam.crt sam.csr sam.key
三、Nginx配置HTTPS
#配置語法
語法:ssl on|off;
默認值:ssl off;
上下文:http,server
語法:ssl_certificate file;
默認值:無
上下文:http,server
語法:ssl_certificate_key file;
默認值:無
上下文:http,server
配置用例
server {
listen 443; #https 監聽端口為443
server_name www.sam.com;
ssl on;
ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/ssl_key/sam.crt;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/ssl_key/sam.key;
location / {
root /opt/site/sam;
index index.html index.htm;
}
}
如果使用自簽的證書,在重啟nginx的時候會提示輸入key的密碼,輸入生成key時配置的密碼即可。
生產環境中,一般通過第三方機構獲取CA證書進行配置。
如從阿里雲獲取CA證書:
https://www.aliyun.com/product/cas?spm=5176.8142029.388261.255.23896dfadI4OJq
升級openssl 到 1.0.2
wget https://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-1.0.2k.tar.gz
tar -zxvf openssl-1.0.2k.tar.gz
cd openssl-1.0.2k
./config --prefix=/usr/local/openssl
make && make install
mv /usr/bin/openssl /usr/bin/openssl.OFF
mv /usr/include/openssl /usr/include/openssl.OFF
ln -s /usr/local/openssl/bin/openssl /usr/bin/openssl
ln -s /usr/local/openssl/include/openssl /usr/include/openssl
echo "/usr/local/openssl/lib" >> /etc/ld.so.conf
ldconfig -v
openssl version -a
