1、先看一個網站介紹，了解跨域問題 HTTP訪問控制（CORS）
2、像谷歌、火狐瀏覽器對一些非簡單請求會觸發預檢請求，首先使用 OPTIONS 方法發起一個預檢請求到服務器，然而IE瀏覽器沒有預檢請求
3、發起預檢請求，如果想要后台處理成功，那么就需要服務器處理返回響應，設置允許的請求頭，設置允許跨域等（對WebService研究較淺，沒有找到對預檢請求設置的方法，后期會深入學習）
4、在測試中使用谷歌，如果不設置contenttype,默認為 text/plain;charset=UTF-8或application/x-www-form-urlencoded，更改為其他兩個都不會觸發預檢請求
5、谷歌瀏覽器ajax設置contenttype為text/xml時，對JDK發布的WebService和CXF發布的WebService錯誤顯示如下
JDK發布的WebService服務
1)后台報錯、找到com.sun.xml.internal.ws.transport.http.server.WSHttpHandler這個類，在handle方法處打斷點，可以在參數中看到請求的信息，method為options；然后運行完控制台報錯（使用IE就沒事）
com.sun.xml.internal.ws.transport.http.server.WSHttpHandler handleExchange
警告: Cannot handle HTTP method: OPTIONS
這就是瀏覽器的預檢請求導致，網上有設置如果檢測到請求方法是OPTIONS就設置返回狀態為200
2）前台報錯、console下報錯：OPTIONS http://localhost:8088/aaa net::ERR_EMPTY_RESPONSE
然后在network下找到發送的ajax請求，點擊，Request Headers有警告Provisional headers are shown
正常情況下請求頭會顯示一些其他信息如Accept-Language、Accept-Encoding等
3)ajax不設置contenttype、請求后台就報錯
Unsupported Content-Type: text/plain;charset=UTF-8 Supported ones are: [text/xml]
com.sun.xml.internal.ws.server.UnsupportedMediaException: Unsupported Content-Type: text/plain;charset=UTF-8 Supported ones are: [text/xml]
也就是建議設置Content-Type為text/xml；但是設置成text/xml就會觸發預檢測
前台Console報錯 No 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' header is present on the requested resource. Origin 'http://localhost:8083' is therefore not allowed access. The response had HTTP status code 415.估計是后台異常，沒有設置響應頭非同源訪問的權限
此處可以看到請求頭默認Content-Type為text/plain;charset=UTF-8
CXF發布的WebService服務
1）、后台報錯、找到類org.apache.cxf.binding.soap.interceptor.ReadHeadersInterceptor斷點到handleMessage方法，查看message參數
后台報錯
Interceptor for {http://server.hjp.com/}PersonService1Service has thrown exception, unwinding now
org.apache.cxf.binding.soap.SoapFault: Error reading XMLStreamReader.
可見也是預檢測請求導致
2）前端報錯：OPTIONS http://localhost:5555/hello 500 (Server Error)和Response to preflight request doesn't pass access control check: No 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' header is present on the requested resource. network中的ajax請求頭中沒有Content-Type
3）如果去掉ajax對contenttype設置，前端會報錯No 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' header is present on the requested resource
6、ajax請求WebService代碼（使用IE訪問沒問題）
1）、jQuery形式
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <script src="jquery-3.1.0.min.js"></script> </head> <body> <div id="d"></div> <script type="text/javascript"> $.ajax({ url: "http://localhost:5555/hello", type: "POST", contentType:"text/xml;charset=UTF-8", data: getPostData(), success: function (data) { var doc = $(data).find('return'); doc.each(function(){ $('#d').html($(this).text()); }); } }); //定義滿足SOAP協議的參數。 function getPostData() { var soap='<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>'+ '<soapenv:Envelope xmlns:soapenv="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" xmlns:ser="http://server.hjp.com/">' + '<soapenv:Header/>' + '<soapenv:Body>' + '<ser:sayHello>' + '<arg0>aaa</arg0>' + '</ser:sayHello>' + '</soapenv:Body>' + '</soapenv:Envelope>'; return soap; } </script> </body> </html>
2）、原生Ajax形式
<html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"/> <title>通過ajax調用WebService服務</title> <script> function getXhr(){ var xhr = null; if(window.XMLHttpRequest){ //非ie瀏覽器 xhr = new XMLHttpRequest(); }else{ //ie瀏覽器 xhr = new ActiveXObject('Microsoft.XMLHttp'); } return xhr; } var xhr =getXhr(); function sendMsg(){ var name = document.getElementById('name').value; //服務的地址 var wsUrl = 'http://localhost:8088/tongwei'; //請求體 var soap=getPostData(name); //打開連接 xhr.open('POST',wsUrl,true); //重新設置請求頭 xhr.setRequestHeader("content-type","text/xml"); //設置回調函數 xhr.onreadystatechange = _back; //發送請求 xhr.send(soap); } function _back(){ if(xhr.readyState == 4){ if(xhr.status == 200){ var ret = xhr.responseXML; var msg = ret.getElementsByTagName('return')[0]; document.getElementById('showInfo').innerHTML = msg.textContent; } } } //定義滿足SOAP協議的參數。 function getPostData(name) { var postdata ='<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>'+ '<soapenv:Envelope xmlns:soapenv="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" xmlns:ton="http://tongwei/">' + '<soapenv:Header/>' + '<soapenv:Body>' + '<ton:test>' + '<parStr>'+name+'</parStr>' + '</ton:test>' + '</soapenv:Body>' + '</soapenv:Envelope>'; return postdata; } </script> </head> <body> <input type="button" value="發送SOAP請求" onclick="sendMsg();"> <input type="text" id="name"> <div id="showInfo"> </div> </body> </html>
7、java后台URL請求WebService方式
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { /* *1.創建一個url *2.打開一個連接 *3.設置相關參數 *4.創建輸出流，用來發送SAOP請求 *5.發送完，接收數據 *6.用輸入流獲取webservice中的內容 */ URL url = new URL("http://localhost:5555/hello"); HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection(); connection.setRequestMethod("POST");//必須設置為POST方式，而且必須是大寫的 connection.setDoInput(true);//因為有輸入參數也有輸出參數所以都為真 connection.setDoOutput(true); connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "text/xml;charset=utf-8"); OutputStream out = connection.getOutputStream(); //下面替換尖括號是測試傳送xml文本字符串測試的 //String str="<list><item><email>aaa!qq</email></item></list>"; //str=str.replaceAll("<","<").replaceAll(">",">"); StringBuilder soap=new StringBuilder(); soap.append("<soapenv:Envelope xmlns:soapenv=\"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/\" xmlns:ser=\"http://server.hjp.com/\">"); soap.append("<soapenv:Header/>"); soap.append("<soapenv:Body>"); soap.append("<ser:sayHello>"); soap.append("<arg0>aaa</arg0>"); soap.append("</ser:sayHello>"); soap.append("</soapenv:Body>"); soap.append("</soapenv:Envelope>"); String argo=soap.toString(); System.out.println(argo); out.write(argo.getBytes());//發送SAOP請求 InputStream stream = connection.getInputStream(); byte[] b = new byte[1024]; int len=0; StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer(); while((len=stream.read(b))!=-1){ String s = new String(b, 0, len, "utf-8"); buffer.append(s); } System.out.println(buffer.toString()); }
8、請求頭和響應頭編寫及處理返回值是借助SOAPUI工具，界面如下
