創建Windows服務(C++)

這次我們來創建一個windows本地服務，需要有以下功能：

• 安裝服務。
• 卸載服務。
• 手動啟動服務。
• 開機自動啟動服務。
• 控制服務（停止、暫停、恢復、啟動）。

服務概念及介紹

看下圖，一切盡在不言中了（-_-）:

安裝服務並開機啟動

• 代碼邏輯： 打開SCM（Service Control Manager）-> 創建服務。

• 在CreateService調用中，我們傳入SERVICE_AUTO_START里表明這個服務是開啟自啟動的，SCM會在開機時調用StartService來啟動我們的服務；同時我們傳入NULL作為服務開始名稱，這樣該服務就可以開機啟動為系統服務。在調用installService后，我們會調用startService來手動啟動服務。

• 這里我用SAFE_CALL簡化了錯誤處理邏輯。

  wstring getExeFullFilename()
  {
      static wchar_t buffer[1024];
  
      SAFE_CALL(GetModuleFileNameW(NULL, buffer, 1024), 0);
      return wstring(buffer);
  }
  
  void installService()
  {
      auto scmHandle = OpenSCManagerW(NULL, NULL, SC_MANAGER_CREATE_SERVICE);
      SAFE_CALL(scmHandle, NULL);
  
      auto serviceHandle = CreateServiceW(scmHandle,
                                          L"lgxZJ::Service",
                                          L"lgxZJ::Service", 
                                          SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS,
                                          SERVICE_WIN32_OWN_PROCESS,
                                          SERVICE_AUTO_START,
                                          SERVICE_ERROR_NORMAL,
                                          getExeFullFilename().c_str(),
                                          NULL, NULL, L"", NULL, L"");
      SAFE_CALL(serviceHandle, NULL);
  
      CloseServiceHandle(scmHandle);
      CloseServiceHandle(serviceHandle);
  }
  
  void startService()
  {
      auto scmHandle = OpenSCManagerW(NULL, NULL, SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS);
      SAFE_CALL(scmHandle, NULL);
  
      auto serviceHandle = OpenServiceW(	scmHandle,
                                          L"lgxZJ::Service",
                                          SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS);
      SAFE_CALL(serviceHandle, NULL);
  
      SERVICE_STATUS serviceStatus;
      SAFE_CALL(QueryServiceStatus(serviceHandle, &serviceStatus), 0);
      if (serviceStatus.dwCurrentState == SERVICE_START && 
          serviceStatus.dwCurrentState != SERVICE_START_PENDING)
          return;
  
      SAFE_CALL(StartServiceW(serviceHandle, 0, NULL), FALSE);
  
      CloseServiceHandle(scmHandle);
      CloseServiceHandle(serviceHandle);
  }
  
  #define SAFE_CALL(FuncCall, ErrorCode)                              \
      if (FuncCall == ErrorCode) {			                        \
          cout << #FuncCall " error, code:" << GetLastError()         \
              << " ,line:" << \__LINE__ << "\n"; 		                \
          exit(-1);							                        \
      }
  

卸載服務

• 代碼邏輯： 打開SCM（Service Control Manager）-> 打開服務 -> 停止服務（如果正在運行） -> 刪除服務。

  void uninstallService()
  {
      auto scmHandle = OpenSCManagerW(NULL, NULL, SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS);
      SAFE_CALL(scmHandle, NULL);
  
      auto serviceHandle = OpenServiceW(	scmHandle,
                                          L"lgxZJ::Service",
                                          SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS);
      SAFE_CALL(serviceHandle, NULL);
  
      SERVICE_STATUS serviceStatus;
      SAFE_CALL(QueryServiceStatus(serviceHandle, &serviceStatus), 0);
      if (serviceStatus.dwCurrentState == SERVICE_RUNNING) {
          SAFE_CALL(ControlService(serviceHandle, SERVICE_CONTROL_STOP, &serviceStatus), 0);
          SAFE_CALL(serviceStatus.dwCurrentState, NO_ERROR);
  
          do {
              SAFE_CALL(QueryServiceStatus(serviceHandle, &serviceStatus), 0);
              Sleep(1000);
          } while (serviceStatus.dwCurrentState != SERVICE_STOPPED);
      }
  
      SAFE_CALL(DeleteService(serviceHandle), FALSE);
  
      CloseServiceHandle(scmHandle);
      CloseServiceHandle(serviceHandle);
  }
  

手動啟動服務

• 代碼邏輯： 打開SCM -> 打開服務 -> 啟動服務。

  void startService()
  {
      auto scmHandle = OpenSCManagerW(NULL, NULL, SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS);
      SAFE_CALL(scmHandle, NULL);
  
      auto serviceHandle = OpenServiceW(	scmHandle,
                                          L"lgxZJ::Service",
                                          SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS);
      SAFE_CALL(serviceHandle, NULL);
  
      SERVICE_STATUS serviceStatus;
      SAFE_CALL(QueryServiceStatus(serviceHandle, &serviceStatus), 0);
      if (serviceStatus.dwCurrentState == SERVICE_START && 
          serviceStatus.dwCurrentState != SERVICE_START_PENDING)
          return;
  
      SAFE_CALL(StartServiceW(serviceHandle, 0, NULL), FALSE);
  
      CloseServiceHandle(scmHandle);
      CloseServiceHandle(serviceHandle);
  }
  

運行服務（服務啟動時會運行服務）、服務控制處理

• 代碼邏輯： 啟動分發器（連接到SCM） -> 注冊服務控制處理器 -> 在控制處理器中對服務控制進行處理（通過SetServiceStatus反饋服務狀態和設置接受的控制）。

  void runService()
  {
      const SERVICE_TABLE_ENTRYW serviceTable[] = {
          { L"", ServiceMain },
          { NULL, NULL }
      };
  
      SAFE_CALL(StartServiceCtrlDispatcherW(&serviceTable[0]), 0);
  }
  
  SERVICE_STATUS_HANDLE g_serviceStatusHandle = NULL;
  
  void setServiceStatus(DWORD status)
  {
      SERVICE_STATUS serviceStatus;
      serviceStatus.dwServiceType              = SERVICE_WIN32_OWN_PROCESS;
      serviceStatus.dwWin32ExitCode            = NO_ERROR;
      serviceStatus.dwServiceSpecificExitCode  = 0;
      serviceStatus.dwWaitHint                 = 2000;
      serviceStatus.dwCheckPoint               = 0;
      serviceStatus.dwControlsAccepted         =  SERVICE_ACCEPT_PAUSE_CONTINUE |
                                                  SERVICE_ACCEPT_SHUTDOWN |
                                                  SERVICE_ACCEPT_STOP;
  
      serviceStatus.dwCurrentState = status;
      SAFE_CALL(SetServiceStatus(g_serviceStatusHandle, &serviceStatus), 0);
  }
  
  VOID WINAPI ServiceHandler(DWORD controlCode)
  {
      switch (controlCode)
      {
          case SERVICE_CONTROL_CONTINUE:
              setServiceStatus(SERVICE_START_PENDING);    break;
          case SERVICE_CONTROL_INTERROGATE:
                                                          break;
          case SERVICE_CONTROL_PAUSE:
              setServiceStatus(SERVICE_PAUSED);           break;
          case SERVICE_CONTROL_SHUTDOWN:
              setServiceStatus(SERVICE_STOPPED);          break;
          case SERVICE_CONTROL_STOP:
              setServiceStatus(SERVICE_STOPPED);          break;
          default:
              break;
      }
  }
  
  VOID WINAPI ServiceMain(DWORD argc, LPWSTR *argv)
  {
      g_serviceStatusHandle = RegisterServiceCtrlHandlerW(L"lgxZJ::Service", &ServiceHandler);
      if (g_serviceStatusHandle == 0)
      {
          cout << "RegisterServiceCtrlHandlerW error, code:" << GetLastError()
              << " ,line:" << __LINE__ << "\n";
          exit(-1);
      }
  
      setServiceStatus(SERVICE_START_PENDING);
      setServiceStatus(SERVICE_RUNNING);
  }
  

完整代碼

生成的exe需要以管理員權限啟動，完整代碼見此處。