開發網站,少不了測試。現在的網站為了加強安全性,都啟用了HTTPS協議。所謂HTTPS,也就是HTTP文本在SSL協議中傳輸。用curl命令行來測試HTTPS站點是個很有用的功能,寫點腳本,就可以做功能測試。
假定Ubuntu系統運行着一個HTTPS站點,用CppCMS編寫,Nginx配置了SSL證書,通過FastCGI和CppCMS編寫的后台進程連接在一起。
第一步,安裝:
- apt-get install curl
我的Ubuntu是13.04, 因此安裝的curl版本很新,下面的命令檢查版本號和其他信息:
- curl -V
- curl 7.29.0 (x86_64-pc-linux-gnu) libcurl/7.29.0 OpenSSL/1.0.1c zlib/1.2.7 libidn/1.25 librtmp/2.3
- Protocols: dict file ftp ftps gopher http https imap imaps ldap ldaps pop3 pop3s rtmp rtsp smtp smtps telnet tftp
- Features: GSS-Negotiate IDN IPv6 Largefile NTLM NTLM_WB SSL libz TLS-SRP
我們可以看到啟用了SSL, 並且openssl版本是1.0.1c。
第二步,訪問HTTP站點:
- curl http://www.baidu.com
- <!DOCTYPE html><!--STATUS OK--><html><head><meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8"><title>百度一下,你就知道<unction(){var _t=new Date().getTime();document.cookie = "WWW_ST=" + _t +";expires=" + new Date(_t + 10000).toGMTString()})}catch(e){}</script></html><!--b5d54ba904675fbf-->
返回了百度的網頁內容。內容太多,裁剪了。
第三步,查看詳細信息,用-v參數。
- curl -v http://www.baidu.com
- * About to connect() to www.baidu.com port 80 (#0)
- * Trying 61.135.169.125...
- * Connected to www.baidu.com (61.135.169.125) port 80 (#0)
- > GET / HTTP/1.1
- > User-Agent: curl/7.29.0
- > Host: www.baidu.com
- > Accept: */*
- >
- < HTTP/1.1 200 OK
- < Date: Wed, 03 Jul 2013 13:55:45 GMT
- < Server: BWS/1.0
- < Content-Length: 10437
- < Content-Type: text/html;charset=utf-8
- < Cache-Control: private
- < Set-Cookie: BDSVRTM=24; path=/
- < Set-Cookie: H_PS_PSSID=2757_1457_2704_2726_1788_2249_2702; path=/; domain=.baidu.com
- < Set-Cookie: BAIDUID=5E81F8E70C5DE6EDB5C24088E3E56359:FG=1; expires=Wed, 03-Jul-43 13:55:45 GMT; path=/; domain=.baidu.com
- < Expires: Wed, 03 Jul 2013 13:55:45 GMT
- < P3P: CP=" OTI DSP COR IVA OUR IND COM "
- < Connection: Keep-Alive
- <
- <!DOCTYPE html><!--STATUS OK--><html><head><meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8"><title>百度一下,你就知道</title><style >html,body{height:100%}html{overflow-y:auto}#wrapper{position:relative;_position:;min-height:100%}#content{padding-bottom:100px;text-align:center}#ftCon{height:100px;position:absolute;bottom:44px;text-align:center;width:100%;margin:0 auto;z-index:0;overflow:hidden}#ftConw{width:720px;margin:0 auto}body{font:12px arial;text-align:;background:#fff}body,p,form,ul,li{margin:0;padding:0;list-style:none}body,form,#fm{position:relative}td{text-align:left}img{border:0}a{color:#00c}a:active{color:#f60}#u{color:#999;padding:4px 10px 5px 0;text-align:right}#u a{margin:0 5px}#u .reg{margin:0}#m{width:720px;margin:0 auto}#nv a,#nv b,.btn,#lk{font-size:14px}#fm{padding-left:110px;text-align:left;z-index:1}input{border:0;padding:0}#nv{height:19px;font-size:16px;margin:0 0 4px;text-alig
這樣詳細的信息都顯示出來了。-v參數很有用,一般調試時都打開。
如果只想查看頭部信息,用-i代替-v.
第四步,訪問本地HTTPS站點
- curl --insecure https://localhost/your_site/login_page
- <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
- <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
- <head>
- <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
- <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
- <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
---insecure表示忽略校驗步驟。
我試過用--cacert選項指定server.crt文件,也就是我的nginx使用的那個文件。但是報錯。所以直接忽略算了。
第五步,調用HTTPS的login API登錄
- curl -v --insecure -d "email=gche@yousite.com&pwd=123456&language=en" https://localhost/your_site/login
- * About to connect() to localhost port 443 (#0)
- * Trying 127.0.0.1...
- * Connected to localhost (127.0.0.1) port 443 (#0)
- * successfully set certificate verify locations:
- * CAfile: none
- CApath: /etc/ssl/certs
- * SSLv3, TLS handshake, Client hello (1):
- * SSLv3, TLS handshake, Server hello (2):
- * SSLv3, TLS handshake, CERT (11):
- * SSLv3, TLS handshake, Server key exchange (12):
- * SSLv3, TLS handshake, Server finished (14):
- * SSLv3, TLS handshake, Client key exchange (16):
- * SSLv3, TLS change cipher, Client hello (1):
- * SSLv3, TLS handshake, Finished (20):
- * SSLv3, TLS change cipher, Client hello (1):
- * SSLv3, TLS handshake, Finished (20):
- * SSL connection using ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA
- * Server certificate:
- * subject: C=AU; ST=Some-State; O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd
- * start date: 2013-06-02 07:24:53 GMT
- * expire date: 2014-06-02 07:24:53 GMT
- * issuer: C=AU; ST=Some-State; O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd
- * SSL certificate verify result: self signed certificate (18), continuing anyway.
- > POST /your_site/login HTTP/1.1
- > User-Agent: curl/7.29.0
- > Host: localhost
- > Accept: */*
- > Content-Length: 51
- > Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
- >
- * upload completely sent off: 51 out of 51 bytes
- < HTTP/1.1 200 OK
- < Server: nginx/1.5.1
- < Date: Wed, 03 Jul 2013 14:02:38 GMT
- < Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
- < Transfer-Encoding: chunked
- < Connection: keep-alive
- < X-Powered-By: CppCMS/1.0.3
- < Set-Cookie: cml_session=518b7fc5117e87bce28f2444; Max-Age=36000; Path=/; Version=1
- <
- * Connection #0 to host localhost left intact
- {"message":"Login succeeded!","status":0,"value":""}
-d "...&..." 的參數是通過POST方法發送參數。服務端最終回復一個JSON格式的字符串,表示登錄成功。並且拿到了cml_session的值,也就是cookie.
第六步,用cookie訪問HTTP網頁。后面的網頁只需要HTTP訪問,提供正確的cookie即可。
- curl -v --cookie "cml_session=518b7fc5117e87bce28f2444" http://localhost/your_site/home
- * About to connect() to localhost port 80 (#0)
- * Trying 127.0.0.1...
- * Connected to localhost (127.0.0.1) port 80 (#0)
- > GET /your_site/home HTTP/1.1
- > User-Agent: curl/7.29.0
- > Host: localhost
- > Accept: */*
- > Cookie: cml_session=518b7fc5117e87bce28f2444
- >
- < HTTP/1.1 200 OK
- < Server: nginx/1.5.1
- < Date: Wed, 03 Jul 2013 14:06:43 GMT
- < Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
- < Transfer-Encoding: chunked
- < Connection: keep-alive
- < X-Powered-By: CppCMS/1.0.3
- <
- <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
- <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
- <head>
- <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
- <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
- <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
- <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
- <title>CML Cloud</title>
- <link type="text/css" href="../style/reset.css" rel="stylesheet"/>
- <link type="text/css" href="../style/style.css" rel="stylesheet"/>
http://blog.csdn.net/csfreebird/article/details/9237925