用java實現驗證碼(CAPTCHA)


    一、關於驗證碼

    首先來說,驗證碼在我們的日常登錄,發表言論時比較常見,它是一種用來區分登錄用戶是人還是機器的一種公共自動程序。它可以防止惡意破解密碼、刷票、論壇灌水。

    二、用java來實現驗證碼

    了解了驗證碼的作用,接下來我們就用java來實現驗證碼這一功能。首先我們先分析一下,怎么生成一個驗證碼。我們需要一個BufferedImage對象來保存圖片;通過它來獲得Graphics對象;通過Randrom產生隨機驗證碼信息;使用Graphics繪制圖片;記錄驗證碼信息到session中;使用ImageIO輸出圖片;

 1 package com.water.servlet;
 2 
 3 import com.sun.javafx.font.FontStrike;
 4 
 5 import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
 6 import javax.servlet.ServletException;
 7 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
 8 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
 9 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
10 import java.awt.*;
11 import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
12 import java.io.IOException;
13 import java.util.Random;
14 
15 public class ImgServlet extends HttpServlet {
16     @Override
17     protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
18         BufferedImage bi = new BufferedImage(68, 22, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
19         Graphics graphics = bi.getGraphics();
20         Color color = new Color(200, 150, 255);
21         graphics.setColor(color);
22         graphics.fillRect(0,0,68,32);
23         char[] chars = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789".toCharArray();
24         StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
25         Random random = new Random();
26         for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
27             char aChar = chars[random.nextInt(36)];
28             graphics.setColor(new Color(random.nextInt(88),random.nextInt(188),random.nextInt(255)));
29             graphics.drawString(aChar+"",(i*15)+3,18);
30             sb.append(aChar);
31         }
32         req.getSession().setAttribute("charCode",sb.toString());
33         ImageIO.write(bi,"jpg",resp.getOutputStream());
34 
35     }
36 }

    寫一個 登錄頁面來檢驗驗證碼的正確與否。

 1 <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
 2 <html>
 3   <head>
 4     <title>checkCode</title>
 5     <script>
 6         function reloadCode(){
 7             var time = new Date().getTime();//為了防止緩存導致不能正常刷新驗證碼
 8             document.getElementById("picCode").src = "<%=request.getContextPath()%>/imgServlet?d="+time;
 9         }
10     </script>
11   </head>
12   <body>
13   <form action="<%=request.getContextPath()%>/loginServlet" method="post">
14     驗證碼:<input type="text" name="checkCode" />
15     <img id="picCode" src="<%=request.getContextPath()%>/imgServlet" />
16     <a href="javascript:reloadCode();">看不清楚</a>
17     <input type="submit" value="Checked" />
18   </form>
19   </body>
20 
21 </html>

    通過驗證,我們發現驗證碼可以正確顯示並能實現驗證功能。但是在日常中,有着各種各樣的驗證碼:算術類型,文字類型,動畫類型,純數字類型,數字與文字、字母相結合類型等等,那么我們在開發中該怎么實現這些功能呢?

    三、 驗證碼組件

    我們能夠走的更遠更扎實,是因為我們站在巨人的肩旁上。我們的前輩們,已經開發了一些很好的組件可供我們使用,比如下面這些:Jcaptcha組件和Kaptcha組件。由於Jcaptcha組件需要和Spring框架結合來使用,我們就先咱不做介紹,我們主要來說一說Kaptcha組件。

    a. 使用之前要先下載Kaptcha組件(提取密碼:1vrf)

    b. 然后是在web.xml中配置它

1 <servlet>
2     <servlet-name>Kaptcha</servlet-name>
3     <servlet-class>com.google.com.kaptcha.servlet.KaptchaServlet</servlet-class>
4 </servlet>
5 <servlet-mapping>
6    <servlet-name>Kaptcha</servlet-name>
7    <url-pattern>/randromCode.jpg</url-pattern>
8 </servlet-mapping>

    Tips:Kaptcha組件還有很多配置選項供我們使用。

  1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
  2 <web-app version="2.4" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
  3     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  4     xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee 
  5     http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">
  6 
  7     <servlet>
  8         <servlet-name>Kaptcha</servlet-name>
  9         <servlet-class>
 10             KaptchaServlet
 11         </servlet-class>
 12         <init-param>
 13             <description>圖片邊框,合法值:yes , no</description>
 14             <param-name>kaptcha.border</param-name>
 15             <param-value>yes</param-value>
 16         </init-param>
 17         <init-param>
 18             <description>
 19                 邊框顏色,合法值: r,g,b (and optional alpha) 或者
 20                 white,black,blue.
 21             </description>
 22             <param-name>kaptcha.border.color</param-name>
 23             <param-value>black</param-value>
 24         </init-param>
 25         <init-param>
 26             <description>邊框厚度,合法值:>0</description>
 27             <param-name>kaptcha.border.thickness</param-name>
 28             <param-value>1</param-value>
 29         </init-param>
 30         <init-param>
 31             <description>圖片寬 200</description>
 32             <param-name>kaptcha.image.width</param-name>
 33             <param-value>200</param-value>
 34         </init-param>
 35         <init-param>
 36             <description>圖片高 50</description>
 37             <param-name>kaptcha.image.height</param-name>
 38             <param-value>50</param-value>
 39         </init-param>
 40         <init-param>
 41             <description>圖片實現類</description>
 42             <param-name>kaptcha.producer.impl</param-name>
 43             <param-value>
 44                 com.google.code.kaptcha.impl.DefaultKaptcha
 45             </param-value>
 46         </init-param>
 47         <init-param>
 48             <description>文本實現類</description>
 49             <param-name>kaptcha.textproducer.impl</param-name>
 50             <param-value>
 51                 com.google.code.kaptcha.text.impl.DefaultTextCreator
 52             </param-value>
 53         </init-param>
 54         <init-param>
 55             <description>文本集合,驗證碼值從此集合中獲取</description>
 56             <param-name>kaptcha.textproducer.char.string</param-name>
 57             <param-value>1234567890</param-value>
 58         </init-param>
 59         <init-param>
 60             <description>驗證碼長度 5</description>
 61             <param-name>kaptcha.textproducer.char.length</param-name>
 62             <param-value>2</param-value>
 63         </init-param>
 64         <init-param>
 65             <description>字體 Arial, Courier</description>
 66             <param-name>kaptcha.textproducer.font.names</param-name>
 67             <param-value>Arial, Courier</param-value>
 68         </init-param>
 69         <init-param>
 70             <description>字體大小 40px.</description>
 71             <param-name>kaptcha.textproducer.font.size</param-name>
 72             <param-value>40</param-value>
 73         </init-param>
 74         <init-param>
 75             <description>
 76                 字體顏色,合法值: r,g,b 或者 white,black,blue.
 77             </description>
 78             <param-name>kaptcha.textproducer.font.color</param-name>
 79             <param-value>black</param-value>
 80         </init-param>
 81         <init-param>
 82             <description>文字間隔 2</description>
 83             <param-name>kaptcha.textproducer.char.space</param-name>
 84             <param-value>2</param-value>
 85         </init-param>
 86         <init-param>
 87             <description>干擾實現類</description>
 88             <param-name>kaptcha.noise.impl</param-name>
 89             <param-value>
 90                 <!-- com.google.code.kaptcha.impl.NoNoise -->
 91                 com.google.code.kaptcha.impl.DefaultNoise
 92             </param-value>
 93         </init-param>
 94         <init-param>
 95             <description>
 96                 干擾顏色,合法值: r,g,b 或者 white,black,blue.
 97             </description>
 98             <param-name>kaptcha.noise.color</param-name>
 99             <param-value>black</param-value>
100         </init-param>
101         <init-param>
102             <description>
103                 圖片樣式: 水紋com.google.code.kaptcha.impl.WaterRipple
104                 魚眼com.google.code.kaptcha.impl.FishEyeGimpy
105                 陰影com.google.code.kaptcha.impl.ShadowGimpy
106             </description>
107             <param-name>kaptcha.obscurificator.impl</param-name>
108             <param-value>
109                 com.google.code.kaptcha.impl.WaterRipple
110             </param-value>
111         </init-param>
112         <init-param>
113             <description>背景實現類</description>
114             <param-name>kaptcha.background.impl</param-name>
115             <param-value>
116                 com.google.code.kaptcha.impl.DefaultBackground
117             </param-value>
118         </init-param>
119         <init-param>
120             <description>背景顏色漸變,開始顏色</description>
121             <param-name>kaptcha.background.clear.from</param-name>
122             <param-value>green</param-value>
123         </init-param>
124         <init-param>
125             <description>背景顏色漸變,結束顏色</description>
126             <param-name>kaptcha.background.clear.to</param-name>
127             <param-value>white</param-value>
128         </init-param>
129         <init-param>
130             <description>文字渲染器</description>
131             <param-name>kaptcha.word.impl</param-name>
132             <param-value>
133                 com.google.code.kaptcha.text.impl.DefaultWordRenderer
134             </param-value>
135         </init-param>
136         <init-param>
137             <description>
138                 session中存放驗證碼的key鍵
139             </description>
140             <param-name>kaptcha.session.key</param-name>
141             <param-value>KAPTCHA_SESSION_KEY</param-value>
142         </init-param>
143         <init-param>
144             <description>
145                 The date the kaptcha is generated is put into the
146                 HttpSession. This is the key value for that item in the
147                 session.
148             </description>
149             <param-name>kaptcha.session.date</param-name>
150             <param-value>KAPTCHA_SESSION_DATE</param-value>
151         </init-param>
152     </servlet>
153     <servlet-mapping>
154         <servlet-name>Kaptcha</servlet-name>
155         <url-pattern>/randomcode.jpg</url-pattern>
156     </servlet-mapping>
157 
158 </web-app>
View Code

    當我們需要使用那些效果時,我們可以在web.xml中配置它們。

 


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