MySQL安裝的三種方式
Mysql安裝方式對比
| 安裝方式 | 安裝簡易度 | 使用簡易度 | 定制化程度 | 適合范圍 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| rpm包安裝 | 簡單 | 簡單 | 低 | 僅適合redhat/centos系列linux |
| 二進制安裝 | 安裝簡單，配置稍微復雜 | 中，需要自己管理起停 | 中 | 適合大部分Linux |
| mysql編譯安裝 | 復雜 | 復雜 | 高 | 幾乎所有Linux, 以及自己需要特定模塊的場景 |
環境說明
- 時間: 2017年8月6號
- 系統: CentOS-6.9-x86_64 最小化安裝
- Mysql版本: 5.7.19
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- 您的點贊將會是我最大的動力。謝謝
RPM安裝
1、下載
- 下載地址: https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
- 下載方式
2、安裝
- 上傳至服務器任意位置
[root@mysql ~]# ls -lh
total 181M
-rw-------. 1 root root 1.1K Jul 15 18:29 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 9.7K Jul 15 18:29 install.log
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3.3K Jul 15 18:29 install.log.syslog
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 23M Aug 6 18:40 mysql-community-client-5.7.19-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 329K Aug 6 18:40 mysql-community-common-5.7.19-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2.1M Aug 6 18:40 mysql-community-libs-5.7.19-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1.7M Aug 6 18:40 mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.19-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 153M Aug 6 18:40 mysql-community-server-5.7.19-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2.1M Aug 6 18:40 postfix-2.6.6-8.el6.x86_64.rpm
- yum 安裝，會自動安裝關聯包
[root@mysql ~]# yum -y install mysql-community-*
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Setting up Install Process
Examining mysql-community-client-5.7.19-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: mysql-community-client-5.7.19-1.el6.x86_64
Marking mysql-community-client-5.7.19-1.el6.x86_64.rpm to be installed
...
...
...
Installed:
mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.7.19-1.el6 mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.7.19-1.el6 mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.7.19-1.el6
mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64 0:5.7.19-1.el6 mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.7.19-1.el6
Dependency Installed:
numactl.x86_64 0:2.0.9-2.el6
Replaced:
mysql-libs.x86_64 0:5.1.73-8.el6_8
Complete!
3、配置
- 查看配置文件路徑
[root@mysql ~]# rpm -qc mysql-community-server-5.7.19
/etc/logrotate.d/mysql
/etc/my.cnf
- 啟動mysql
[root@mysql ~]# service mysqld start
Initializing MySQL database: [ OK ]
Starting mysqld: [ OK ]
- 根據配置文件找到mysql的錯誤日志路徑
[root@mysql mysql]# grep "temporary password" /var/log/mysqld.log
2017-08-06T10:50:48.543649Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: 5U2tMJBw8d-m
- 使用密碼連接
[root@mysql mysql]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 7
Server version: 5.7.19
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
3、其他rpm安裝方式
即是rpm, 那么肯定有提供rpm的鏡像站。配置好后即可直接yum install。本人暫時沒發現可靠的。
二進制安裝
1、下載
- 下載地址: https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
- 下載方式
2、安裝
- 上傳包至服務器任意路徑
[root@mysql ~]# ls -lh
total 611M
-rw-------. 1 root root 1.1K Jul 15 18:29 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 9.7K Jul 15 18:29 install.log
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3.3K Jul 15 18:29 install.log.syslog
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 611M Aug 6 19:36 mysql-5.7.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
- 安裝
1. 解壓到指定/opt目錄，軟連接
[root@mysql ~]# tar xf mysql-5.7.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /opt/
[root@mysql ~]# cd /opt/
[root@mysql opt]# ls -lh
total 4.0K
drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 4.0K Aug 6 19:38 mysql-5.7.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
[root@mysql opt]# ln -sv mysql-5.7.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql
`mysql' -> `mysql-5.7.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64'
[root@mysql opt]# cd mysql
2. 新建mysql用戶，並對/opt/mysql目錄賦權
[root@mysql mysql]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M -u 3306 mysql
[root@mysql mysql]# id mysql
uid=3306(mysql) gid=3306(mysql) groups=3306(mysql)
[root@mysql mysql]# chown mysql.mysql -R /opt/mysql
3.編輯配置文件，這個版本並沒有提供默認的配置文件
[root@mysql mysql]# vim my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir = /opt/mysql/data
port = 3306
socket = /opt/mysql/mysqld.sock
skip_name_resolve
4. 啟動腳本
[root@mysql mysql]# cp -av support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
`support-files/mysql.server' -> `/etc/init.d/mysqld'
[root@mysql mysql]# vim /etc/init.d/mysqld
basedir=/opt/mysql
datadir=${basedir}/data
5. 初始化MySQL數據庫
[root@mysql mysql]# /opt/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --basedir=/opt/mysql --datadir=/opt/mysql/data
/opt/mysql/bin/mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libnuma.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
[root@mysql mysql]# yum provides libnuma.so.1 # 搜索該庫是由哪個包提供
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Determining fastest mirrors
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
base | 3.7 kB 00:00
extras | 3.4 kB 00:00
updates | 3.4 kB 00:00
updates/primary_db | 2.5 MB 00:02
numactl-2.0.9-2.el6.i686 : Library for tuning for Non Uniform Memory Access machines
Repo : base
Matched from:
Other : libnuma.so.1
[root@mysql mysql]# yum -y install numactl
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Setting up Install Process
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
...
...
...
Installed:
numactl.x86_64 0:2.0.9-2.el6
Complete!
[root@mysql mysql]# /opt/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --basedir=/opt/mysql --datadir=/opt/mysql/data
2017-08-06T12:45:23.699674Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2017-08-06T12:45:25.059615Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2017-08-06T12:45:25.446617Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2017-08-06T12:45:25.511614Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 1e543114-7aa5-11e7-9a69-000c29d408d3.
2017-08-06T12:45:25.515037Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2017-08-06T12:45:25.516517Z 1 [Warning] root@localhost is created with an empty password ! Please consider switching off the --initialize-insecure option.
6. 添加環境變量及MAN配置文件
[root@mysql mysql]# mysql
-bash: mysql: command not found
[root@mysql mysql]# echo 'export PATH=/opt/mysql/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/mysqld.sh && . /etc/profile.d/mysqld.sh
[root@mysql mysql]# sed -i '43a \MANPATH /opt/mysql/man' /etc/man.config
7. 啟動並連接mysql
[root@mysql mysql]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!
[root@mysql mysql]# mysql
ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/tmp/mysql.sock' (2)
[root@mysql mysql]# mysql -uroot -S /opt/mysql/mysqld.sock
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.7.19 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
8. 添加至開機啟動，並輸出MySQL文件頭，輸出mysql的庫文件給系統查找路徑
[root@mysql mysql]# chkconfig mysqld on
[root@mysql mysql]# ln -sv /opt/mysql/include /usr/include/mysql
`/usr/include/mysql' -> `/opt/mysql/include'
[root@mysql mysql]# echo '/opt/mysql/lib' >> /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql-x86_64.conf
[root@mysql mysql]# ldconfig
編譯安裝
1、下載
- 下載地址: https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
- 下載方式
2、安裝
CPU越多越好，1核無法編譯成功
- 准備依賴環境
[root@1 ~]# yum -y install cmake ncurses-devel gcc-c++
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Setting up Install Process
Determining fastest mirrors
* base: mirrors.zju.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.btte.net
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
base | 3.7 kB 00:00
extras | 3.4 kB 00:00
updates | 3.4 kB 00:00
updates/primary_db | 2.5 MB 00:02
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package cmake.x86_64 0:2.8.12.2-4.el6 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libarchive.so.2()(64bit) for package: cmake-2.8.12.2-4.el6.x86_64
...
...
...
Installed:
cmake.x86_64 0:2.8.12.2-4.el6 gcc-c++.x86_64 0:4.4.7-18.el6 ncurses-devel.x86_64 0:5.7-4.20090207.el6
Dependency Installed:
cloog-ppl.x86_64 0:0.15.7-1.2.el6 cpp.x86_64 0:4.4.7-18.el6 gcc.x86_64 0:4.4.7-18.el6 glibc-devel.x86_64 0:2.12-1.209.el6_9.2 glibc-headers.x86_64 0:2.12-1.209.el6_9.2
kernel-headers.x86_64 0:2.6.32-696.6.3.el6 libarchive.x86_64 0:2.8.3-7.el6_8 libgomp.x86_64 0:4.4.7-18.el6 libstdc++-devel.x86_64 0:4.4.7-18.el6 mpfr.x86_64 0:2.4.1-6.el6
ppl.x86_64 0:0.10.2-11.el6
Dependency Updated:
glibc.x86_64 0:2.12-1.209.el6_9.2 glibc-common.x86_64 0:2.12-1.209.el6_9.2
Complete!
- 上傳源碼包至linux隨意路徑
[root@1 ~]# tar xf mysql-boost-5.7.19.tar.gz
[root@1 ~]# cd mysql-5.7.19/
- 開始編譯
[root@1 mysql-5.7.19]# cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/opt/mysql \
> -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/opt/mysql/data \
> -DSYSCONFDIR=/opt/mysql/ \
> -DWITH_BOOST=boost \
> -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
> -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
> -DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
> -DWITH_READLINE=1 \
> -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/opt/mysql/mysqld.sock \
> -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 \
> -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
> -DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
> -DENABLE_DOWNLOADS=1 \
> -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all \
> -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
> -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci
-- Running cmake version 2.8.12.2
-- Could NOT find Git (missing: GIT_EXECUTABLE)
-- Configuring with MAX_INDEXES = 64U
-- The C compiler identification is GNU 4.4.7
-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 4.4.7
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc
...
...
...
-- CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO: -O3 -g -fabi-version=2 -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-strict-aliasing -DDBUG_OFF
-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
CMake Warning:
Manually-specified variables were not used by the project:
WITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE
WITH_READLINE
-- Build files have been written to: /root/mysql-5.7.19
[root@1 mysql-5.7.19]# echo $? # 輸出狀態碼可以判斷上述命令是否執行成功，為0就成功，其他狀態碼都是失敗
0
[root@1 mysql-5.7.19]# make -j 2 && make install # -j 2 指定用2核CPU編譯
Scanning dependencies of target INFO_BIN
Scanning dependencies of target INFO_SRC
[ 0%] Built target INFO_SRC
[ 0%] Built target INFO_BIN
Scanning dependencies of target abi_check
Scanning dependencies of target zlib
[ 0%] Building C object zlib/CMakeFiles/zlib.dir/adl
...
等待編譯
...
-- Installing: /opt/mysql/mysql-test/./mysql-test-run
-- Up-to-date: /opt/mysql/mysql-test/mtr
-- Up-to-date: /opt/mysql/mysql-test/mysql-test-run
-- Installing: /opt/mysql/mysql-test/lib/My/SafeProcess/my_safe_process
-- Up-to-date: /opt/mysql/mysql-test/lib/My/SafeProcess/my_safe_process
-- Installing: /opt/mysql/mysql-test/lib/My/SafeProcess/Base.pm
-- Installing: /opt/mysql/support-files/mysqld_multi.server
-- Installing: /opt/mysql/support-files/mysql-log-rotate
-- Installing: /opt/mysql/support-files/magic
-- Installing: /opt/mysql/share/aclocal/mysql.m4
-- Installing: /opt/mysql/support-files/mysql.server
3、配置
1. 添加mysql用戶及將修改相應文件夾屬主屬組
[root@1 support-files]# useradd -u 3306 -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql
[root@1 support-files]# mkdir -pv /opt/mysql/data && chown mysql.mysql -R /opt/mysql
mkdir: created directory `/opt/mysql/data'
2. 准備my.cnf配置文件及mysql啟動腳本，由於5.7.19並沒有提供默認的配置文件，只能自己寫了
vim /opt/mysql/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir = /opt/mysql/data
port = 3306
socket = /opt/mysql/mysqld.sock
skip_name_resolve
[root@1 support-files]# cp /opt/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld && chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
3. 執行初始化命令, 5.7集成在mysql命令中
[root@1 support-files]# cp /opt/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld && chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@1 support-files]# /opt/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --basedir=/opt/mysql --datadir=/opt/mysql/data
2017-08-06T17:02:01.666326Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2017-08-06T17:02:03.364801Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2017-08-06T17:02:03.525083Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2017-08-06T17:02:03.697839Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: f85cf1a8-7ac8-11e7-8e48-000c29d408d3.
2017-08-06T17:02:03.701251Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2017-08-06T17:02:03.713104Z 1 [Warning] root@localhost is created with an empty password ! Please consider switching off the --initialize-insecure option.
2017-08-06T17:02:05.479148Z 1 [Warning] 'user' entry 'root@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode.
2017-08-06T17:02:05.479171Z 1 [Warning] 'user' entry 'mysql.session@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode.
2017-08-06T17:02:05.479178Z 1 [Warning] 'user' entry 'mysql.sys@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode.
2017-08-06T17:02:05.479188Z 1 [Warning] 'db' entry 'performance_schema mysql.session@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode.
2017-08-06T17:02:05.479192Z 1 [Warning] 'db' entry 'sys mysql.sys@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode.
2017-08-06T17:02:05.479198Z 1 [Warning] 'proxies_priv' entry '@ root@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode.
2017-08-06T17:02:05.479219Z 1 [Warning] 'tables_priv' entry 'user mysql.session@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode.
2017-08-06T17:02:05.479226Z 1 [Warning] 'tables_priv' entry 'sys_config mysql.sys@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode.
4. 添加man手冊及添加環境變量
[root@1 support-files]# sed -i '43a \MANPATH /opt/mysql/man' /etc/man.config
[root@1 support-files]# echo 'export PATH=/opt/mysql/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/mysqld.sh && . /etc/profile.d/mysqld.sh
5. 添加至開機啟動項
[root@1 support-files]# chkconfig mysqld on
6. 輸出mysql的頭文件至系統頭文件路徑/usr/include
[root@1 support-files]# ln -sv /opt/mysql/include /usr/include/mysql
`/usr/include/mysql' -> `/opt/mysql/include'
7. 輸出mysql的庫文件給系統查找路徑
[root@1 support-files]# echo '/opt/mysql/lib' >> /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql-x86_64.conf
[root@1 support-files]# ldconfig
8. 啟動並連接mysql
[root@1 support-files]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
[root@1 support-files]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.19 Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
9. mysql5.7密碼表
select Host,User,authentication_string from mysql.user;