Java數組擴容的原理
1)Java數組對象的大小是固定不變的,數組對象是不可擴容的。
2)利用數組復制方法能夠變通的實現數組擴容。
3)System.arraycopy()能夠復制數組。
4)Arrays.copyOf()能夠簡便的創建數組副本。
5)創建數組副本的同一時候將數組長度添加就變通的實現了數組的擴容。
源代碼展示:
1 public class Arrays { 2 /**
3 * @param original: the array to be copied 4 * @param newLength: the length of the copy to be returned 5 * @return a copy of the original array, truncated or padded with zeros 6 * to obtain the specified length 7 */
8 public static int[] copyOf(int[] original, int newLength) { 9 int[] copy = new int[newLength]; 10 System.arraycopy(original, 0, copy, 0, 11 Math.min(original.length, newLength)); 12 return copy; 13 } 14 /**
15 * @param original the array from which a range is to be copied 16 * @param from the initial index of the range to be copied, inclusive 17 * @param to the final index of the range to be copied, exclusive. 18 * (This index may lie outside the array.) 19 * @return a new array containing the specified range from the original array, 20 * truncated or padded with zeros to obtain the required length 21 */
22 public static int[] copyOfRange(int[] original, int from, int to) { 23 int newLength = to - from; 24 if (newLength < 0) 25 throw new IllegalArgumentException(from + " > " + to); 26 int[] copy = new int[newLength]; 27 System.arraycopy(original, from, copy, 0, 28 Math.min(original.length - from, newLength)); 29 return copy; 30 } 31 }
演示樣例說明:
1 import java.util.Arrays; 2
3 /** 數組變長算法! 4 * 數組對象長度不可改變 5 * 可是非常多實際應用須要長度可變的數組 6 * 能夠採用復制為容量更大的新數組, 替換原數組, 實現變長操作 7 * */
8 public class ArrayExpand { 9 public static void main(String[] args) { 10 //數組變長(擴容)算法!
11 int[] ary={1,2,3}; 12 ary=Arrays.copyOf(ary, ary.length+1); 13 ary[ary.length-1]=4; 14 System.out.println(Arrays.toString(ary));//[1, 2, 3, 4] 15 //字符串連接原理
16 char[] chs = { '中', '國' }; 17 chs = Arrays.copyOf(chs, chs.length + 1); 18 chs[chs.length - 1] = '北'; 19 chs = Arrays.copyOf(chs, chs.length + 1); 20 chs[chs.length - 1] = '京'; 21 //字符數組依照字符串打印
22 System.out.println(chs);//中國北京 23 //其它數組依照對象打印
24 System.out.println(ary);//[I@4f1d0d
25 } 26 }
實現案例:
案例1 : 統計一個字符在字符串中的全部位置.
字符串: 統計一個字符在字符串中的全部位置
字符: '字'
返回: {4,7}
1 public class CountCharDemo { 2 public static void main(String[] args) { 3 char key = '字'; 4 String str = "統計一個字符在字符串中的全部位置"; 5 int[] count=count(str,key); 6 System.out.println(Arrays.toString(count));//[4, 7]
7 } 8 public static int[] count(String str,char key){ 9 int[] count={}; 10 for(int i=0;i<str.length();i++){ 11 char c=str.charAt(i); 12 if(c==key){ 13 //擴展數組
14 count=Arrays.copyOf(count, count.length+1); 15 //加入序號i
16 count[count.length-1]=i; 17 } 18 } 19 return count; 20 } 21 }
char[]、String、StringBuilder
char[]:字符序列, 僅僅有字符數據, 沒有操作, 假設算法優秀, 性能最好。
String: char[] + 方法(操作, API功能)
StringBuilder: char[] + 方法(操作char[] 的內容)
String:內部包括內容不可變的char[]。表現為String對象不可變。String包括操作(API方法),是對char[]操作。但不改變原對象常常返回新的對象。非常多String API提供了復雜的性能優化算法,如:靜態字符串池。
StringBuilder:內部也是一個char[]。可是這個數組內容是可變的。而且自己主動維護擴容算法,由於數據內容可變。所以叫:可變字符串。StringBuilder API方法,是動態維護char[]內容,都能夠改變char[]內容。
1 public abstract class AbstractStringBuilder { 2 /** The value is used for character storage.*/
3 char value[]; 4 /** The count is the number of characters used.*/
5 int count; 6 /** Returns the length (character count).*/
7 public int length() { 8 return count; 9 } 10
11 public AbstractStringBuilder append(String str) { 12 if (str == null) 13 str = "null"; 14 int len = str.length(); 15 if (len == 0) 16 return this; 17 int newCount = count + len; 18 if (newCount > value.length) 19 expandCapacity(newCount); 20 str.getChars(0, len, value, count); 21 count = newCount; 22 return this; 23 } 24
25 /**
26 * 自己主動實現Java數組擴容 27 */
28 void expandCapacity(int minimumCapacity) { 29 int newCapacity = (value.length + 1) * 2; 30 if (newCapacity < 0) { 31 newCapacity = Integer.MAX_VALUE; 32 } else if (minimumCapacity > newCapacity) { 33 newCapacity = minimumCapacity; 34 } 35 value = Arrays.copyOf(value, newCapacity); 36 } 37 }
字符串數組與String類的原理
1 /** 字符串數組與String類的原理 */
2 public class CharArrayDemo { 3 public static void main(String[] args) { 4 /* Java 能夠將char[]作為字符串處理 */
5 char[] ch1={'中','國','北','京'}; 6 char[] ch2={'歡','迎','您'}; 7 System.out.println(ch1);//中國北京
8 System.out.println(ch2);//歡迎您
9 /* char[]運算須要編程處理,如連接: */
10 char[] ch3=Arrays.copyOf(ch1, ch1.length+ch2.length); 11 System.arraycopy(ch2, 0, ch3, ch1.length, ch2.length); 12 System.out.println(ch3);//中國北京歡迎您
13 /* String API提供了簡潔的連接運算: */
14 String str1="中國北京"; 15 String str2="歡迎您"; 16 String str3=str1.concat(str2); 17 System.out.println(str3);//中國北京歡迎您
18 /* 字符串轉大寫: */
19 char[] ch4={'A','a','c','f'}; 20 char[] ch5=Arrays.copyOf(ch4, ch4.length); 21 for(int i=0;i<ch5.length;i++){ 22 char c=ch5[i]; 23 if(c>='a' && c<='z'){ 24 ch5[i]=(char)(c+('A'-'a')); 25 } 26 } 27 System.out.println(ch5);//AACF, 原數組ch4不變
28 String str4="Aacf"; 29 String str5=str4.toUpperCase();//原字符串str4保持不變
30 System.out.println(str5);//AACF
31 } 32 }