背景原因:測試環境發現一個連接內網訪問和外網訪問延遲差別很大,內網訪問很快。外網訪問很慢。於是我們用curl來診斷問題所在的區域!
命令如下:
curl -o /dev/null -s -w %{time_namelookup}---%{time_connect}---%{time_starttransfer}---%{time_total}---%{speed_download}"\n" www.36nu.com
返回結果:
0.014---0.015---0.018---0.019---1516256.00
-o:把curl 返回的html、js 寫到垃圾回收站[ /dev/null]
-s:去掉所有狀態
-w:按照后面的格式寫出rt
time_namelookup:DNS 解析域名www.36nu.com的時間
time_commect:client和server端建立TCP 連接的時間
time_starttransfer:從client發出請求;到web的server 響應第一個字節的時間
time_total:client發出請求;到web的server發送會所有的相應數據的時間
speed_download:下周速度 單位 byte/s
上面這條命令及返回結果可以這么理解:
0.014: DNS 服務器解析www.36nu.com 的時間單位是s
0.015: client發出請求,到c/s 建立TCP 的時間;里面包括DNS解析的時間
0.018: client發出請求;到s響應發出第一個字節開始的時間;包括前面的2個時間
0.019: client發出請求;到s把響應的數據全部發送給client;並關閉connect的時間
1516256.00 :下載數據的速度
建立TCP連接到server返回client第一個字節的時間:0.018s – 0.015s = 0.003s
server把響應數據發送給client的時間:0.019s – 0.018 = 0.01s
#================================curl 其他參數詳解============================
curl的部分時間等變量注釋:
url_effective The URL that was fetched last. This is most meaningful if you've told curl to follow location: headers. filename_effective The ultimate filename that curl writes out to. This is only meaningful if curl is told to write to a file with the --remote-name or --output option. It's most useful in combination with the --remote-header-name option. (Added in 7.25.1) http_code http狀態碼,如200成功,301轉向,404未找到,500服務器錯誤等。(The numerical response code that was found in the last retrieved HTTP(S) or FTP(s) transfer. In 7.18.2 the alias response_code was added to show the same info.) http_connect The numerical code that was found in the last response (from a proxy) to a curl CONNECT request. (Added in 7.12.4) time_total 總時間,按秒計。精確到小數點后三位。 (The total time, in seconds, that the full operation lasted. The time will be displayed with millisecond resolution.) time_namelookup DNS解析時間,從請求開始到DNS解析完畢所用時間。(The time, in seconds, it took from the start until the name resolving was completed.) time_connect 連接時間,從開始到建立TCP連接完成所用時間,包括前邊DNS解析時間,如果需要單純的得到連接時間,用這個time_connect時間減去前邊time_namelookup時間。以下同理,不再贅述。(The time, in seconds, it took from the start until the TCP connect to the remote host (or proxy) was completed.) time_appconnect 連接建立完成時間,如SSL/SSH等建立連接或者完成三次握手時間。(The time, in seconds, it took from the start until the SSL/SSH/etc connect/handshake to the remote host was completed. (Added in 7.19.0)) time_pretransfer 從開始到准備傳輸的時間。(The time, in seconds, it took from the start until the file transfer was just about to begin. This includes all pre-transfer commands and negotiations that are specific to the particular protocol(s) involved.) time_redirect 重定向時間,包括到最后一次傳輸前的幾次重定向的DNS解析,連接,預傳輸,傳輸時間。(The time, in seconds, it took for all redirection steps include name lookup, connect, pretransfer and transfer before the final transaction was started. time_redirect shows the complete execution time for multiple redirections. (Added in 7.12.3)) time_starttransfer 開始傳輸時間。在client發出請求之后,Web 服務器返回數據的第一個字節所用的時間(The time, in seconds, it took from the start until the first byte was just about to be transferred. This includes time_pretransfer and also the time the server needed to calculate the result.) size_download 下載大小。(The total amount of bytes that were downloaded.) size_upload 上傳大小。(The total amount of bytes that were uploaded.) size_header 下載的header的大小(The total amount of bytes of the downloaded headers.) size_request 請求的大小。(The total amount of bytes that were sent in the HTTP request.) speed_download 下載速度,單位-字節每秒。(The average download speed that curl measured for the complete download. Bytes per second.) speed_upload 上傳速度,單位-字節每秒。(The average upload speed that curl measured for the complete upload. Bytes per second.) content_type 就是content-Type,不用多說了,這是一個訪問我博客首頁返回的結果示例(text/html; charset=UTF-8);(The Content-Type of the requested document, if there was any.) num_connects Number of new connects made in the recent transfer. (Added in 7.12.3) num_redirects Number of redirects that were followed in the request. (Added in 7.12.3) redirect_url When a HTTP request was made without -L to follow redirects, this variable will show the actual URL a redirect would take you to. (Added in 7.18.2) ftp_entry_path The initial path libcurl ended up in when logging on to the remote FTP server. (Added in 7.15.4) ssl_verify_result ssl認證結果,返回0表示認證成功。( The result of the SSL peer certificate verification that was requested. 0 means the verification was successful. (Added in 7.19.0))
- #curl -o /dev/null -s -w %{http_code}:%{http_connect}:%{content_type}:%{time_namelookup}:%{time_redirect}:%{time_pretransfer}:%{time_connect}:%{time_starttransfer}:%{time_total}:%{speed_download} www.baidu.com
輸出變量需要按照%{variable_name}的格式,如果需要輸出%,double一下即可,即%%,同時,\n是換行,\r是回車,\t是TAB。
-w 指定格式化文件
-o 請求重定向到,不帶此參數則控制台輸出返回結果
-s 靜默,不顯示進度
- #vim curl-time.txt
- \n
- http: %{http_code}\n
- dns: %{time_namelookup}s\n
- redirect: %{time_redirect}s\n
- time_connect: %{time_connect}s\n
- time_appconnect: %{time_appconnect}s\n
- time_pretransfer: %{time_pretransfer}s\n
- time_starttransfer: %{time_starttransfer}s\n
- size_download: %{size_download}bytes\n
- speed_download: %{speed_download}B/s\n
- ----------\n
- time_total: %{time_total}s\n
- \n
- #curl -w "@curl_time.txt" -s -H "Content-Type: application/json" --insecure --header 'Host: passport.500.com' --data '{"platform":"android","userimei":"F5D815EA2BD8DBARD","app_channel":"10000","mbimei":"9DB358AF","version":"3.1.4","username":"hqzx","userpass":"976af4"}' --compressed https://119.147.113.177/user/login
1)以json格式數據
2)以&連接參數數據
- #curl -d "data=7778a8143f111272&score=19&app_key=8d49f16fe034b98b&_test_user=test01" "http://127.0.0.1"
3) 附帶文本數據,比如通過"瀏覽"選擇本地的card.txt並上傳發送post請求,
其中-F 為帶文件的形式發送post請求, blob為文本框中的name元素對應的屬性值。<type="text" name="blob">
- #curl -F "blob=@card.txt;type=text/plain" "http://172.16.102.208:8089/wiapi/score?leaderboard_id=7778a8143f111272&score=40&app_key=8d49f16fe034b98b&_test_user=test01"
安卓手機可以通過安裝終端模擬器,然后在模擬器按以上方法使用curl調試定位app在移動數據網絡環境下哪個環節出現慢的問題。