使用Selenium操作headless chrome 推薦
簡介
WebDriver是一個W3C標准, 定義了一套檢查和控制用戶代理（比如瀏覽器）的遠程控制接口，各大主流瀏覽器來實現這些接口以便調用控制接口來操作瀏覽器。
Selenium是一整套的Web自動化測試解決方案，配合WebDrive規范，實現了對各種用戶代理的適配（比如瀏覽器,PhantomJS等），通過操作瀏覽器的WebDriver接口來實現帶瀏覽器的Web自動化。
使用selenium-webdriver
selenium相關的API文檔selenium-webdriver的JavaScriptAPI文檔
const webdriver = require('selenium-webdriver'),
By = webdriver.By;
const driver = new webdriver.Builder()
.forBrowser('chrome')
.build();
driver.get('https://www.baidu.com').then((args) => {
// 獲取百度搜索按鈕的 文本
driver.findElement(By.id('su')).then((element) => {
return element.getAttribute('value')
}).then((btnName) => {
console.log(btnName)
});
// 獲取百度首頁 title
driver.getTitle().then((title) => {
console.log(title);
});
});
driver.quit();
使用browserstack-webdriver
只是獲取driver的方式不一樣，其他調用完全一樣
const webdriver = require('browserstack-webdriver'),
By = webdriver.By;
// Input capabilities
const capabilities = {
'browserName' : 'firefox',
'browserstack.user' : BROWSERSTACK_USERNAME,
'browserstack.key' : BROWSERSTACK_KEY
}
const driver = new webdriver.Builder().
usingServer('http://hub.browserstack.com/wd/hub').
withCapabilities(capabilities).
build();
driver.get('https://www.baidu.com').then((args) => {
// 獲取百度搜索按鈕的 文本
driver.findElement(By.id('su')).then((element) => {
return element.getAttribute('value')
}).then((btnName) => {
console.log(btnName)
});
// 獲取百度首頁 title
driver.getTitle().then((title) => {
console.log(title);
});
});
driver.quit();
使用 chromedriver
chromedriver是一個編碼輔助，自動配置環境變量，不需要手動下載和配置環境變量，通過安裝chromedriver同時在代碼中引入
require('chromedriver')
更換獲取源的URL（使用如下任意一種就行）
-
安裝過程添加參數，默認下載地址為
http://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.comnpm install chromedriver --chromedriver_cdnurl=https://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/chromedriver -
添加如下內容到
.npmrc文件
chromedriver_cdnurl=https://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/chromedriver
- 添加環境變量
CHROMEDRIVER_CDNURL
CHROMEDRIVER_CDNURL=https://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/chromedriver npm install chromedriver
更換安裝的chromedriver文件路徑
- 安裝過程使用配置參數
npm install chromedriver --chromedriver_filepath=/path/to/chromedriver_mac64.zip
- 添加如下內容到
.npmrc文件
chromedriver_filepath=/path/to/chromedriver_mac64.zip
- 添加環境變量
CHROMEDRIVER_FILEPATH=/path/to/chromedriver_mac64.zip
使用mocha + chai
簡介
mocha是一個可以運行在瀏覽器端和NodeJS環境的JavaScript測試框架，區別於類庫，框架定義好了流程，並調用你的代碼。
chai是一個斷言庫，判斷結果是否符合預期。
實例代碼
const chai = require('chai');
const chromeDriver = require('selenium-webdriver/chrome')
const webdriver = require('selenium-webdriver'),
By = webdriver.By;
const driver = new webdriver.Builder()
.forBrowser('chrome')
.setChromeOptions(new chromeDriver.Options().addArguments(['headless']))
.build();
describe('首頁加載測試',function(){
// 獲取百度搜索按鈕的 文本
describe('按鈕文本',function(){
it('按鈕文本必須等於',function(done){
driver.get('https://www.baidu.com').then(function(){
driver.findElement(By.id('su')).then((element) => {
return element.getAttribute('value')
}).then((btnName) => {
console.log(btnName);
chai.expect(btnName).to.equal('百度一下');
done();
});
});
})
});
// 獲取百度首頁 title
describe('首頁標題',function(){
it('首頁標題應該為',function(done){
driver.get('https://www.baidu.com').then(function(){
driver.getTitle().then((title) => {
console.log(title);
chai.expect(title).to.equal('百度一下，你就知道');
done();
});
});
});
});
after(function(){
driver.quit();
})
});
使用Karma + mocha + chai
簡介
Karma是一個用JavaScript實現的測試執行器，實現了如下內容
安裝相應的依賴庫
npm i --save-dev karma karma-chrome-launcher karma-mocha karma-chai
npm i --save-dev mocha chai
生成配置文件
在工程目錄下執行如下命令
./node_modules/.bin/karma init
一路按照提示操作即可，生成的配置文件在工程目錄下karma.conf.js，內容大致如下：
// Karma configuration
// Generated on Mon Jul 10 2017 19:49:48 GMT+0800 (CST)
module.exports = function(config) {
config.set({
// base path that will be used to resolve all patterns (eg. files, exclude)
basePath: '',
// frameworks to use
// available frameworks: https://npmjs.org/browse/keyword/karma-adapter
frameworks: ['mocha'],
// list of files / patterns to load in the browser
files: [
],
// list of files to exclude
exclude: [
],
// preprocess matching files before serving them to the browser
// available preprocessors: https://npmjs.org/browse/keyword/karma-preprocessor
preprocessors: {
},
// test results reporter to use
// possible values: 'dots', 'progress'
// available reporters: https://npmjs.org/browse/keyword/karma-reporter
reporters: ['progress'],
// web server port
port: 9876,
// enable / disable colors in the output (reporters and logs)
colors: true,
// level of logging
// possible values: config.LOG_DISABLE || config.LOG_ERROR || config.LOG_WARN || config.LOG_INFO || config.LOG_DEBUG
logLevel: config.LOG_INFO,
// enable / disable watching file and executing tests whenever any file changes
autoWatch: true,
// start these browsers
// available browser launchers: https://npmjs.org/browse/keyword/karma-launcher
browsers: ['Chrome'],
// Continuous Integration mode
// if true, Karma captures browsers, runs the tests and exits
singleRun: false,
// Concurrency level
// how many browser should be started simultaneous
concurrency: Infinity
})
}
調整配置支持headless chrome
可以到這里,查看chrome相關的karma-launcher，有ChromeHeadless和ChromeCanaryHeadless這兩個headless驅動可以選擇。
調整配置支持ES6，添加webpack
npm i webpack karma-webpack babel-core babel-loader babel-preset-es2015
調整配置增加測試覆蓋度
npm i babel-plugin-istanbul
最終的到的Karma配置文件
karma.conf.js
// Karma configuration
// Generated on Mon Jul 10 2017 19:49:48 GMT+0800 (CST)
module.exports = function(config) {
config.set({
// base path that will be used to resolve all patterns (eg. files, exclude)
basePath: '',
// frameworks to use
// available frameworks: https://npmjs.org/browse/keyword/karma-adapter
frameworks: ['mocha','chai'],
// list of files / patterns to load in the browser
files: [
'test/**/*.js'
],
// list of files to exclude
exclude: [
],
// preprocess matching files before serving them to the browser
// available preprocessors: https://npmjs.org/browse/keyword/karma-preprocessor
preprocessors: {
'test/**/*.js': ['webpack']
},
// test results reporter to use
// possible values: 'dots', 'progress'
// available reporters: https://npmjs.org/browse/keyword/karma-reporter
reporters: ['progress', 'coverage'],
coverageReporter: {
type: 'html',
dir: 'coverage/'
},
// web server port
port: 9876,
// enable / disable colors in the output (reporters and logs)
colors: true,
// level of logging
// possible values: config.LOG_DISABLE || config.LOG_ERROR || config.LOG_WARN || config.LOG_INFO || config.LOG_DEBUG
logLevel: config.LOG_INFO,
// enable / disable watching file and executing tests whenever any file changes
autoWatch: true,
// start these browsers
// available browser launchers: https://npmjs.org/browse/keyword/karma-launcher
browsers: ['ChromeHeadless'],
// Continuous Integration mode
// if true, Karma captures browsers, runs the tests and exits
singleRun: true,
// Concurrency level
// how many browser should be started simultaneous
concurrency: Infinity,
webpack: {
module: {
loaders: [{
test: /\.js$/,
loader: 'babel-loader',
exclude: /node_modules/,
query: {
presets: ['es2015'],
plugins: ['istanbul']
}
}]
}
}
})
}
編寫代碼
src/index.js
const isType = (data, type) => {
return ['[object ', type, ']'].join('') === Object.prototype.toString.call(data)
};
const isFunction = (data) => {
return isType(data, 'Function')
};
const isArray = (data) => {
return isType(data, 'Array')
};
module.exports = {
isType,
isFunction,
isArray
}
編寫測試用例
test/index.js
const typeUtil = require('../src/index')
describe('index.js: ', () => {
it('isFunction() should work fine.', () => {
expect(typeUtil.isFunction(function(){})).to.equal(true)
expect(typeUtil.isFunction(Object.prototype.toString)).to.equal(true)
});
it('isArray() should work file.', () => {
expect(typeUtil.isArray([])).to.equal(true)
expect(typeUtil.isArray({})).to.equal(false)
})
});
運行測試
- 在當前目錄下運行
./node_modules/.bin/karma start - 或者添加如下代碼到
package.json
"scripts": {
"test": "karma start"
}
然后運行npm run test
查看結果
- 命令行能看到運行結果
- 在工程目錄下的
coverage目錄能看到相應的覆蓋率報告
存在的問題
Karma是將測試Case在瀏覽器中運行並查看結果，當頁面的url 改變的時候，會影響到整個Karma的執行，會有類似Some of your tests did a full page reload!這樣的提示。上面打開百度首頁檢查按鈕和title的例子在Karma中還沒有找到合適的方式寫出來。