http://gdgzzch.blog.163.com/blog/static/37640452201371483147573/
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2298208/how-to-discover-memory-usage-of-my-application-in-android#2299813
http://my.oschina.net/shaorongjie/blog/128442
可以使用adb shell dumpsys meminfo -a <process id>/<process name>來查看一個進程的memory。截圖如下：
Naitve Heap Size: 從mallinfo usmblks獲得，代表最大總共分配空間
Native Heap Alloc: 從mallinfo uorblks獲得，總共分配空間
Native Heap Free: 從mallinfo fordblks獲得，代表總共剩余空間
Native Heap Size 約等於Native Heap Alloc + Native Heap Free
mallinfo是一個C庫， mallinfo 函數提供了各種各樣的通過C的malloc（）函數分配的內存的統計信息。
Dalvik Heap Size:從Runtime totalMemory()獲得，Dalvik Heap總共的內存大小。
Dalvik Heap Alloc: Runtime totalMemory()-freeMemory() ，Dalvik Heap分配的內存大小。
Dalvik Heap Free:從Runtime freeMemory()獲得，Dalvik Heap剩余的內存大小。
Dalvik Heap Size 約等於Dalvik Heap Alloc + Dalvik Heap Free
OtherPss, include Cursor,Ashmem, Other Dev, .so mmap, .jar mmap, .apk mmap, .ttf mmap, .dex mmap, Other mmap, Unkown統計信息都可以在process的smap文件看到。
Objects and SQL 信息都是從Android Debug信息中獲得。
其他類型 smap 路徑名稱 描述
Cursor /dev/ashmem/Cursor Cursor消耗的內存(KB)
Ashmem /dev/ashmem 匿名共享內存用來提供共享內存通過分配一個多個進程
可以共享的帶名稱的內存塊
Other dev /dev/ 內部driver占用的在 “Other dev”
.so mmap .so C 庫代碼占用的內存
.jar mmap .jar Java 文件代碼占用的內存
.apk mmap .apk apk代碼占用的內存
.ttf mmap .ttf ttf 文件代碼占用的內存
.dex mmap .dex Dex 文件代碼占用的內存
Other mmap 其他文件占用的內存
But as to what the difference is between "Pss", "PrivateDirty", and "SharedDirty"... well now the fun begins.
A lot of memory in Android (and Linux systems in general) is actually shared across multiple processes. So how much memory a processes uses is really not clear. Add on top of that paging out to disk (let alone swap which we don't use on Android) and it is even less clear.
Thus if you were to take all of the physical RAM actually mapped in to each process, and add up all of the processes, you would probably end up with a number much greater than the actual total RAM.
The Pss number is a metric the kernel computes that takes into account memory sharing -- basically each page of RAM in a process is scaled by a ratio of the number of other processes also using that page. This way you can (in theory) add up the pss across all processes to see the total RAM they are using, and compare pss between processes to get a rough idea of their relative weight.
The other interesting metric here is PrivateDirty, which is basically the amount of RAM inside the process that can not be paged to disk (it is not backed by the same data on disk), and is not shared with any other processes. Another way to look at this is the RAM that will become available to the system when that process goes away (and probably quickly subsumed into caches and other uses of it).
That is pretty much the SDK APIs for this. However there is more you can do as a developer with your device.
Using adb, there is a lot of information you can get about the memory use of a running system. A common one is the command "adb shell dumpsys meminfo" which will spit out a bunch of information about the memory use of each Java process, containing the above info as well as a variety of other things. You can also tack on the name or pid of a single process to see, for example "adb shell dumpsys meminfo system" give me the system process:
** MEMINFO in pid 890 [system] **
native dalvik other total
size: 10940 7047 N/A 17987
allocated: 8943 5516 N/A 14459
free: 336 1531 N/A 1867
(Pss): 4585 9282 11916 25783
(shared dirty): 2184 3596 916 6696
(priv dirty): 4504 5956 7456 17916
Objects
Views: 149 ViewRoots: 4
AppContexts: 13 Activities: 0
Assets: 4 AssetManagers: 4
Local Binders: 141 Proxy Binders: 158
Death Recipients: 49
OpenSSL Sockets: 0
SQL
heap: 205 dbFiles: 0
numPagers: 0 inactivePageKB: 0
activePageKB: 0
The top section is the main one, where "size" is the total size in address space of a particular heap, "allocated" is the kb of actual allocations that heap thinks it has, "free" is the remaining kb free the heap has for additional allocations, and "pss" and "priv dirty" are the same as discussed before specific to pages associated with each of the heaps.
If you just want to look at memory usage across all processes, you can use the command "adb shell procrank". Output of this on the same system looks like:
PID Vss Rss Pss Uss cmdline 890 84456K 48668K 25850K 21284K system_server 1231 50748K 39088K 17587K 13792K com.android.launcher2 947 34488K 28528K 10834K 9308K com.android.wallpaper 987 26964K 26956K 8751K 7308K com.google.process.gapps 954 24300K 24296K 6249K 4824K com.android.phone 948 23020K 23016K 5864K 4748K com.android.inputmethod.latin 888 25728K 25724K 5774K 3668K zygote 977 24100K 24096K 5667K 4340K android.process.acore ... 59 336K 332K 99K 92K /system/bin/installd 60 396K 392K 93K 84K /system/bin/keystore 51 280K 276K 74K 68K /system/bin/servicemanager 54 256K 252K 69K 64K /system/bin/debuggerd
Here the Vss and Rss columns are basically noise (these are the straight-forward address space and RAM usage of a process, where if you add up the RAM usage across processes you get an ridiculously large number).
Pss is as we've seen before, and Uss is Priv Dirty.
Interesting thing to note here: Pss and Uss are slightly (or more than slightly) different than what we saw in meminfo. Why is that? Well procrank uses a different kernel mechanism to collect its data than meminfo does, and they give slightly different results. Why is that? Honestly I haven't a clue. I believe procrank may be the more accurate one... but really, this just leave the point: "take any memory info you get with a grain of salt; often a very large grain."
Finally there is the command "adb shell cat /proc/meminfo" that gives a summary of the overall memory usage of the system. There is a lot of data here, only the first few numbers worth discussing (and the remaining ones understood by few people, and my questions of those few people about them often resulting in conflicting explanations):
MemTotal: 395144 kB MemFree: 184936 kB Buffers: 880 kB Cached: 84104 kB SwapCached: 0 kB
MemTotal is the total amount of memory available to the kernel and user space (often less than the actual physical RAM of the device, since some of that RAM is needed for the radio, DMA buffers, etc).
MemFree is the amount of RAM that is not being used at all. The number you see here is very high; typically on an Android system this would be only a few MB, since we try to use available memory to keep processes running
Cached is the RAM being used for filesystem caches and other such things. Typical systems will need to have 20MB or so for this to avoid getting into bad paging states; the Android out of memory killer is tuned for a particular system to make sure that background processes are killed before the cached RAM is consumed too much by them to result in such paging.