spring boot開發環境搭建


軟件152 程永績

1.什么是springboot:

Spring Boot是由Pivotal團隊提供的全新框架,其設計目的是用來簡化新Spring應用的初始搭建以及開發過程。

該框架使用了特定的方式(繼承starter,約定優先於配置)來進行配置,從而使開發人員不再需要定義樣板化的配置。通過這種方式,Boot致力於在蓬勃發展的快速應用開發領域(rapid application development)成為領導者。

Spring Boot並不是一個框架,從根本上將,它就是一些庫的集合,maven或者gradle項目導入相應依賴即可使用Spring Boot,而且無需自行管理這些庫的版本。

 

 

2.為什么要用spring boot

Spring Boot是為簡化Spring項目配置而生,使用它使得jar依賴管理以及應用編譯和部署更為簡單。Spring Boot提供自動化配置,使用Spring Boot,你只需編寫必要的代碼和配置必須的屬性。

使用Spring Boot,只需20行左右的代碼即可生成一個基本的Spring Web應用,並且內置了tomcat,構建的fat Jar包通過Java -jar就可以直接運行。

如下特性使得Spring Boot非常契合微服務的概念,可以結合Spring BootSpring CloudDocker技術來構建微服務並部署到雲端:

一個可執行jar即為一個獨立服務

很容易加載到容器,每個服務可以在自己的容器(例如docker)中運行

ƒ通過一個腳本就可以實現配置與部署,很適合雲端部署,並且自動擴展也更容易

簡單而言,即Spring Boot使編碼更簡單,使配置更簡單,使部署更簡單,使監控更簡單。

 

3.spring boot 各模塊介紹

Spring Boot由一些模塊構成,如spring-boot, spring-boot-autoconfigure, spring-boot-starters, spring-boot-cli, spring-boot-actuator等。下面簡單介紹以下各模塊:

 

a. spring-boot

主庫,為其他模塊提供特性支持。包括以下內容:

SpringApplication類,提供靜態方法,方便編寫獨立運行的Spring應用。唯一的任務是創建和刷新一個合適的Spring ApplicationContext

嵌入式web應用,自帶容器(Tomcat, Jetty)

 

b. spring-boot-autoconfigure

Spring Boot可以基於classpath下的內容配置通用應用的大部分模塊。一個@EnableAutoConfiguration注解觸發Spring上下文的自動配置。

自動配置嘗試推測用戶可能需要的bean。例如,如果H2DBclasspath中,但是用戶沒有配置任何db連接,那么spring-boot-autoconfigure推斷用戶需要一個in-memorydb,因此自動配置為用戶配置(默認創建的h2dbdb名為testdb, 用戶名為sa,密碼無)。自動配置優先級低於用戶自定義的bean

 

c. spring-boot-starters

starters是一系列便利的依賴描述,用戶可以增加到應用中,並由此取得Spring和相關技術的 一站式配置體驗,無需查看sample代碼並貼來貼去。例如,若用戶想要使用SpringJPA來訪問db,則只需包含spring-boot-starter-data-jpa依賴到pom中即可。

 

d. spring-boot-cli

Spring的命令行應用,編譯和運行Groovy源碼,只需極少的代碼就可以運行應用,Spring CLI還可以監視文件,在它們改變時自動重新編譯和重啟。

 

e.spring-boot-actuator

spring boot actuator提供額外的自動配置,為你的應用裝飾一些特性,使應用在生產環境下也可以快速部署和支持。例如,若你正在編寫一個JSON web服務,該模塊會提供一個服務器,安全,日志,外部化配置,管理端點(management endpoints),評審等。關閉這些內建特性,或者擴展或替代它們都很容易。

 

f.spring-boot-loader

Spring Boot Loader提供秘籍允許你構建可用java jar直接運行的jar包。一般無需直接使用spring-boot-loader,而是通過GradleMaven插件使用。

 

4.怎么使用spring boot

maven構建項目pom代碼;

<projectxmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  

    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">  

    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>  

  

    <groupId>ygnet</groupId>  

    <artifactId>boot</artifactId>  

    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>  

    <packaging>jar</packaging>  

  

    <name>Springboot</name>  

    <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>  

      

    <properties>  

        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>  

        <java.version>1.7</java.version>  

    </properties>  

       

    <parent>  

        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>  

        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>  

        <version>1.3.5.RELEASE</version>  

        <relativePath />  

    </parent>  

    <dependencies>  

        <dependency>  

            <groupId>junit</groupId>  

            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>  

            <version>4.12</version>  

            <scope>test</scope>  

        </dependency>  

        <dependency>  

          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>  

          <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>  

          <version>4.2.6.RELEASE</version>  

        </dependency>  

                

        <dependency>  

            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>  

            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>  

        </dependency>  

        <dependency>  

            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>  

            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>  

        </dependency>   

        <!--dependency>  

            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>  

            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>  

            <scope>test</scope>  

        </dependency-->  

        <dependency>  

            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>  

            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>  

        </dependency>  

        <dependency>  

            <groupId>org.postgresql</groupId>  

            <artifactId>postgresql</artifactId><scope>runtime</scope>  

        </dependency>  

        <dependency>  

            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>  

            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>  

        </dependency>  

    </dependencies>  

    <build>  

        <pluginManagement>    

            <plugins>    

              <plugin>    

                <groupId>org.eclipse.m2e</groupId>    

                <artifactId>lifecycle-mapping</artifactId>    

                <version>1.0.0</version>    

                <configuration>    

                  <lifecycleMappingMetadata>    

                    <pluginExecutions>    

                      <pluginExecution>    

                        <pluginExecutionFilter>    

                          <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>    

                          <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>    

                          <versionRange>[2.0,)</versionRange>    

                          <goals>    

                            <goal>copy-dependencies</goal>    

                          </goals>    

                        </pluginExecutionFilter>    

                        <action>    

                          <ignore />    

                        </action>    

                      </pluginExecution>    

                    </pluginExecutions>    

                  </lifecycleMappingMetadata>    

                </configuration>    

              </plugin>    

            </plugins>    

        </pluginManagement>  

        <plugins>  

  

            <plugin>  

                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>    

                <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>    

                <configuration>    

                    <archive>    

                        <manifest>    

                           <addClasspath>true</addClasspath>    

                           <classpathPrefix>lib/</classpathPrefix>    

                           <mainClass>yg.boot.App</mainClass>    

                        </manifest>    

                    </archive>    

                </configuration>    

            </plugin>  

      

            <plugin>    

                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>    

                <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>    

                <version>2.5</version>    

                <executions>    

                    <execution>    

                        <phase>compile</phase>    

                    </execution>    

                </executions>    

                <configuration>    

                    <encoding>${project.build.sourceEncoding}</encoding>    

                </configuration>    

            </plugin>  

 

            <plugin>  

                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>    

                <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>  

                <version>2.17</version>   

                <configuration>  

                  <skipTests>true</skipTests>    

                </configuration>  

            </plugin>  

 

            <plugin>    

                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>    

                <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>    

                <version>2.8</version>    

                <executions>    

                    <execution>    

                        <phase>package</phase>    

                        <goals>    

                            <goal>copy-dependencies</goal>    

                        </goals>    

                    </execution>    

                </executions>  

                <configuration>  

                    <outputDirectory>${project.basedir}/lib</outputDirectory>  

                    <includeScope>compile</includeScope>    

                </configuration>    

            </plugin>  

  

            <plugin>  

                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>  

                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>  

            </plugin>  

        </plugins>  

    </build>  

</project>  

JAVA代碼:

import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration;  

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;  

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;  

@RestController  

@EnableAutoConfiguration  

@RequestMapping("/test")  

public class AppController {      

    @RequestMapping("/sayhello")  

    public String sayHello(){  

        return "Hello World!";  

    }  

}  

Application.properties代碼:

# DataSource settings  

spring.datasource.url=jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/jcbk  

spring.datasource.username=jcbk  

spring.datasource.password=123456  

spring.datasource.driver-class-name=org.postgresql.Driver  

  

# Tomcat Server settings (ServerProperties)  

server.port= 9080  

server.address= 127.0.0.1  

server.sessionTimeout= 30  

server.contextPath= /  

  

# Tomcat specifics  

tomcat.accessLogEnabled= false  

tomcat.protocolHeader= x-forwarded-proto  

tomcat.remoteIpHeader= x-forwarded-for  

tomcat.basedir=  

tomcat.backgroundProcessorDelay=30 \# secs

 

Java代碼:

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;  

import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;  

/**

 * Hello world!

 */  

@SpringBootApplication  

public class App {    

    public static void main(String[] args ){  

        SpringApplication.run(App.class,args);  

    }  

}

直接運行App后,結果如下圖所示。啟動后訪問http://localhost:9080/test/sayhello, 輸出 Hello World!

 


免責聲明!

本站轉載的文章為個人學習借鑒使用,本站對版權不負任何法律責任。如果侵犯了您的隱私權益,請聯系本站郵箱yoyou2525@163.com刪除。



 
粵ICP備18138465號   © 2018-2025 CODEPRJ.COM