sprintf、printf輸出格式化字符串。
比如sprintf()的函數原型如下:
string sprintf ( string
$format
[, mixed$args
[, mixed$...
]] )
其中$format用於指定輸出的字符串的格式。
經過總結$format遵守以下原型:
%[n$][flags][width][.precision]specifier
其中:
- n$ 是position specifier,指明本占位符代表的是哪個參數
<?php $num = 5; $location = 'tree'; $format = 'The %2$s contains %1$d monkeys'; echo sprintf($format, $num, $location);
- flags 是一些標志,用來表明是否顯示+號、填充字符、對齊方式。具體flags見下表
flag 描述 + 默認情況下,只有在數字為負數時,才會顯示出符號位‘-’。如果數字為正數,則不顯示符號位‘+’。本flag設置之后,不論數字為正或為負,都顯示符號位。 'sign 或者 0 本flag用來設置用來填充的符號。填充符號是為了是輸出的字符串達到width指定的長度。默認的填充符是空格。標准的指定填充符的方式是:單引號+填充符,不過對於0作為填充符,即
可以使用標准定義,也可以直接申明。
- 本flag用來指明輸出的結果是左對齊還是右對齊。缺省下是右對齊,申明本flag后,為左對齊。
<?php echo sprintf ("|%+4d|%+4d|\n", 1, -1); echo sprintf ("|%-4d|%-4d|\n", 1, -1); echo sprintf ("|%+-4d|%+-4d|\n", 1, -1); /* outputs: | +1| -1| |1 |-1 | |+1 |-1 | */ echo sprintf ("|%04d|\n", -2); echo sprintf ("|%':4d|\n", -2); echo sprintf ("|%-':4d|\n", -2); /* outputs: |-002| |::-2| |-2::| */
- width 指明本格式輸出至少有多少字符。即指明字符的輸出長度。見上例。
- .precision 指明對於浮點數,應該保留幾位小數
<?php $money = 123.1234; echo sprintf("%.2f", $money); //123.1
- specifier specifier指明應該將參數以何種參數類型對待。
<?php $n = 43951789; $u = -43951789; $c = 65; // ASCII 65 is 'A' // notice the double %%, this prints a literal '%' character printf("%%b = '%b'\n", $n); // binary representation printf("%%c = '%c'\n", $c); // print the ascii character, same as chr() function printf("%%d = '%d'\n", $n); // standard integer representation printf("%%e = '%e'\n", $n); // scientific notation printf("%%u = '%u'\n", $n); // unsigned integer representation of a positive integer printf("%%u = '%u'\n", $u); // unsigned integer representation of a negative integer printf("%%f = '%f'\n", $n); // floating point representation printf("%%o = '%o'\n", $n); // octal representation printf("%%s = '%s'\n", $n); // string representation printf("%%x = '%x'\n", $n); // hexadecimal representation (lower-case) printf("%%X = '%X'\n", $n); // hexadecimal representation (upper-case) printf("%%+d = '%+d'\n", $n); // sign specifier on a positive integer printf("%%+d = '%+d'\n", $u); // sign specifier on a negative integer %b = '10100111101010011010101101' %c = 'A' %d = '43951789' %e = '4.39518e+7' %u = '43951789' %u = '4251015507' %f = '43951789.000000' %o = '247523255' %s = '43951789' %x = '29ea6ad' %X = '29EA6AD' %+d = '+43951789' %+d = '-43951789'
specifier Output Example d Signed decimal integer 392 u Unsigned decimal integer 7235 o Unsigned octal 610 x Unsigned hexadecimal integer 7fa X Unsigned hexadecimal integer (uppercase) 7FA f Decimal floating point, lowercase 392.65 F Decimal floating point, uppercase 392.65 e Scientific notation (mantissa/exponent), lowercase 3.9265e+2 E Scientific notation (mantissa/exponent), uppercase 3.9265E+2 g Use the shortest representation: %e or %f 392.65 G Use the shortest representation: %E or %F 392.65 c the argument is treated as an integer, and presented as the character with that ASCII value a s String of characters sample p the argument is treated as an integer, and presented as a binary number 10100011 % A % followed by another % character will write a single % to the stream. %
注明:
本文主要參考官方文檔:http://php.net/manual/en/function.sprintf.php 。並對文檔進行了總結,以及對文檔部分有偏差部分的糾正。不同處如下:
1. flags可以是無序的。並不像文檔所說——需要按照固定的順序。flags處的例子可以說明問題。(另外需要指出的是:填充符0和左對齊標志‘-’合用會產生意想不到的結果,見下面的例子)echo sprintf ("|%-04d|\n", -2);
//輸出: |-2 |