首先在http://nltk.org/install.html去下載相關的程序。需要用到的有python,numpy,pandas, matplotlib. 當安裝好所有的程序之后運行nltk.download()進行詞料庫的下載。如下圖。選擇All packages。 然后點擊下載
這里需要注意的是Download Directory 可以自行修改。但是最后的一級目錄必須是nltk_data
比如可以修改成D:\nltk_data
這個下載器下載很慢，經常會遇到下載不了的時候。這個時候有兩種方法可以選擇：
1 直接到 http://nltk.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/nltk_data/index.xml 去下載對應的包
2第二種方法：網上也有其他人打包的庫：比如下面的這個鏈接就可以下載
這里需要注意的是自行下載的包必須要放在nltk_data文件夾里面。否則導入的時候會出現失敗：比如我下載到NLTK的文件夾里面，在導入的時候報如下錯誤。系統
>>> from nltk.book import *
*** Introductory Examples for the NLTK Book ***
Loading text1, ..., text9 and sent1, ..., sent9
Type the name of the text or sentence to view it.
Type: 'texts()' or 'sents()' to list the materials.
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#0>", line 1, in <module>
from nltk.book import *
File "E:\python2.7.11\lib\site-packages\nltk-3.2.4-py2.7.egg\nltk\book.py", line 20, in <module>
text1 = Text(gutenberg.words('melville-moby_dick.txt'))
File "E:\python2.7.11\lib\site-packages\nltk-3.2.4-py2.7.egg\nltk\corpus\util.py", line 116, in __getattr__
self.__load()
File "E:\python2.7.11\lib\site-packages\nltk-3.2.4-py2.7.egg\nltk\corpus\util.py", line 81, in __load
except LookupError: raise e
LookupError:
**********************************************************************
Resource u'corpora/gutenberg' not found. Please use the NLTK
Downloader to obtain the resource: >>> nltk.download()
Searched in:
- 'C:\\Users\\Administrator/nltk_data'
- 'C:\\nltk_data'
- 'D:\\nltk_data'
- 'E:\\nltk_data'
- 'E:\\python2.7.11\\nltk_data'
- 'E:\\python2.7.11\\lib\\nltk_data'
- 'C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Roaming\\nltk_data'
系統在下面的幾個路徑去找，由於沒有nltk_data的文件夾，所以找不到相關的文件
- 'C:\\Users\\Administrator/nltk_data'
- 'C:\\nltk_data'
- 'D:\\nltk_data'
- 'E:\\nltk_data'
- 'E:\\python2.7.11\\nltk_data'
- 'E:\\python2.7.11\\lib\\nltk_data'
- 'C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Roaming\\nltk_data'
將文件目錄名改成如下后就可以了
而在linux環境下，搜索的路徑為如下，我們需要將nltk的數據放置在如下的目錄中
Searched in:
- '/root/nltk_data'
- '/usr/share/nltk_data'
- '/usr/local/share/nltk_data'
- '/usr/lib/nltk_data'
- '/usr/local/lib/nltk_data'
- '/usr/nltk_data'
- '/usr/lib/nltk_data'
我是放在了/usr目錄下面
我們再導入就成功了
>>> from nltk.book import *
*** Introductory Examples for the NLTK Book ***
Loading text1, ..., text9 and sent1, ..., sent9
Type the name of the text or sentence to view it.
Type: 'texts()' or 'sents()' to list the materials.
text1: Moby Dick by Herman Melville 1851
text2: Sense and Sensibility by Jane Austen 1811
text3: The Book of Genesis
text4: Inaugural Address Corpus
text5: Chat Corpus
text6: Monty Python and the Holy Grail
text7: Wall Street Journal
text8: Personals Corpus
text9: The Man Who Was Thursday by G . K . Chesterton 1908
我們來測試一把：下面這個命令的意義在於在text1文本中查找monstrous出現的地方
>>> text1.concordance('monstrous')
Displaying 11 of 11 matches:
ong the former , one was of a most monstrous size . ... This came towards us ,
ON OF THE PSALMS . " Touching that monstrous bulk of the whale or ork we have r
ll over with a heathenish array of monstrous clubs and spears . Some were thick
d as you gazed , and wondered what monstrous cannibal and savage could ever hav
that has survived the flood ; most monstrous and most mountainous ! That Himmal
they might scout at Moby Dick as a monstrous fable , or still worse and more de
th of Radney .'" CHAPTER 55 Of the Monstrous Pictures of Whales . I shall ere l
ing Scenes . In connexion with the monstrous pictures of whales , I am strongly
ere to enter upon those still more monstrous stories of them which are to be fo
ght have been rummaged out of this monstrous cabinet there is no telling . But
of Whale - Bones ; for Whales of a monstrous size are oftentimes cast up dead u
環境已經搭建好了，后面就開始正式的NLTK學習了