詳談再論JAVA獲取本機IP地址


首先,你如果搜索“JAVA獲取本機IP地址”,基本上搜到的資料全是無用的。
比如這篇:http://www.cnblogs.com/zrui-xyu/p/5039551.html
實際上的代碼在復雜環境下是不准的


網上一個比較普遍的說法是InetAddress.getLocalHost().getHostAddress()
似乎很簡單,但忽略了一個問題,即IP地址在現在的網絡環境更加復雜了,比如有Lan,WIFI,藍牙熱點,虛擬機網卡...
即存在很多的網絡接口(network interfaces),每個網絡接口就包含一個IP地址,並不是所有的IP地址能被外部或局域網訪問,比如說虛擬機網卡地址等等。
也就是說InetAddress.getLocalHost().getHostAddress()的IP不一定是正確的IP。

寫代碼前,先明確一些規則:

  • 127.xxx.xxx.xxx 屬於"loopback" 地址,即只能你自己的本機可見,就是本機地址,比較常見的有127.0.0.1;
  • 192.168.xxx.xxx 屬於private 私有地址(site local address),屬於本地組織內部訪問,只能在本地局域網可見。同樣10.xxx.xxx.xxx、從172.16.xxx.xxx 到 172.31.xxx.xxx都是私有地址,也是屬於組織內部訪問;
  • 169.254.xxx.xxx 屬於連接本地地址(link local IP),在單獨網段可用
  • 從224.xxx.xxx.xxx 到 239.xxx.xxx.xxx 屬於組播地址
  • 比較特殊的255.255.255.255 屬於廣播地址
  • 除此之外的地址就是點對點的可用的公開IPv4地址

 

獲取本機IP地址的正確姿勢:

package ipTest;

import java.net.Inet4Address;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.NetworkInterface;
import java.net.SocketException;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
import java.util.Enumeration;

public class Test {

    public Test() {
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        InetAddress ip;
        try {
            // 這種IP容易拿錯
            // System.out.println("Current IP address : " +
            // InetAddress.getLocalHost().getHostAddress());
            // 不一定准確的IP拿法
            // 出自比如這篇:http://www.cnblogs.com/zrui-xyu/p/5039551.html
            System.out.println("get LocalHost Address : " + getLocalHostAddress().getHostAddress());

            // 正確的IP拿法
            System.out.println("get LocalHost LAN Address : " + getLocalHostLANAddress().getHostAddress());


        } catch (UnknownHostException e) {

            e.printStackTrace();

        }
    }

    // 正確的IP拿法,即優先拿site-local地址
    private static InetAddress getLocalHostLANAddress() throws UnknownHostException {
        try {
            InetAddress candidateAddress = null;
            // 遍歷所有的網絡接口
            for (Enumeration ifaces = NetworkInterface.getNetworkInterfaces(); ifaces.hasMoreElements();) {
                NetworkInterface iface = (NetworkInterface) ifaces.nextElement();
                // 在所有的接口下再遍歷IP
                for (Enumeration inetAddrs = iface.getInetAddresses(); inetAddrs.hasMoreElements();) {
                    InetAddress inetAddr = (InetAddress) inetAddrs.nextElement();
                    if (!inetAddr.isLoopbackAddress()) {// 排除loopback類型地址
                        if (inetAddr.isSiteLocalAddress()) {
                            // 如果是site-local地址,就是它了
                            return inetAddr;
                        } else if (candidateAddress == null) {
                            // site-local類型的地址未被發現,先記錄候選地址
                            candidateAddress = inetAddr;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            if (candidateAddress != null) {
                return candidateAddress;
            }
            // 如果沒有發現 non-loopback地址.只能用最次選的方案
            InetAddress jdkSuppliedAddress = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
            if (jdkSuppliedAddress == null) {
                throw new UnknownHostException("The JDK InetAddress.getLocalHost() method unexpectedly returned null.");
            }
            return jdkSuppliedAddress;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            UnknownHostException unknownHostException = new UnknownHostException(
                    "Failed to determine LAN address: " + e);
            unknownHostException.initCause(e);
            throw unknownHostException;
        }
    }

    //出自這篇:http://www.cnblogs.com/zrui-xyu/p/5039551.html
    //實際上的代碼是不准的
    private static InetAddress getLocalHostAddress() throws UnknownHostException {
        Enumeration allNetInterfaces;
        try {
            allNetInterfaces = NetworkInterface.getNetworkInterfaces();
            InetAddress ip = null;
            while (allNetInterfaces.hasMoreElements()) {
                NetworkInterface netInterface = (NetworkInterface) allNetInterfaces.nextElement();

                Enumeration addresses = netInterface.getInetAddresses();
                while (addresses.hasMoreElements()) {
                    ip = (InetAddress) addresses.nextElement();
                    if (!ip.isSiteLocalAddress() && !ip.isLoopbackAddress() && ip.getHostAddress().indexOf(":") == -1) {
                        if (ip != null && ip instanceof Inet4Address) {
                            return ip;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        } catch (SocketException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        InetAddress jdkSuppliedAddress = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
        if (jdkSuppliedAddress == null) {
            throw new UnknownHostException("The JDK InetAddress.getLocalHost() method unexpectedly returned null.");
        }
        return jdkSuppliedAddress;
    }

}

 


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