Spring容器-ApplicationContext的啟動過程


 

轉載自: http://blog.163.com/axuandebin@126/blog/static/118777042009410248557/

這片博客信息量很大,言簡意賅、簡明扼要地說清楚了Spring容器的啟動過程,前面紅色的“打比方”可以忽略。。。

 

 

Spring容器像一台構造精妙的機器,我們通過配置文件向機器傳達控制信息,機器就能夠按照設定的模式進行工作。如果我們將Spring容器比喻為一輛汽車,可以將BeanFactory看成汽車的發動機,而ApplicationContext則是 整輛汽車,它不但包括發動機,還包括離合器、變速器以及底盤、車身、電氣設備等其他組件。在ApplicationContext內,各個組件按部就班、有條不紊地完成汽車的各項功能。

ApplicationContext內部封裝了一個BeanFactory對象,來實現對容器的操作,初始化完成之后,BeanFactory封裝了bean的信息,而ApplicationContext通過訪問這個對象獲取bean的對象信息(BeanDefinition/Bean對象,都是由BeanFactory實際創建並管理的),為了實現接口的統一,ApplicationContext也實現了一系列的BeanFactory接口(可以說ApplicationContext對BeanFactory對象實現一種代理)。ApplicationContext建立在BeanFactory的基礎之上,對配置對象的管理最終還是交於一個DefaultListableBeanFactory來完成(裝配地址/訪問等),而ApplicationContext在應用這個DefaultListableBeanFactory對象的基礎上,不僅實現了BeanFactory接口提供的功能方法,並且黏合了一些面向應用的功能,如資源/國際化支持/框架事件支持等,並且將一些原先需要手動設置到BeanFactory的屬性通過配置文件中配置的形式代替(如工廠后處理器BeanPostProcessor/InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor)

同樣,因為對於BeanDefinition和bean對象的管理是由上下文持有的beanfactory對象完成的,用戶不需要擁有這樣的接口,因此,ApplicationContext的接口體系中並沒有BeanDefinitionRegistry,SingletonBeanRegistry以及AutowireCapableBeanFactory接口(ApplicationContext可以訪問一些接口方法在上述接口中也定義,但這些方法提供者為BeanFactory體系中的其他接口,BeanFactory接口體系中的接口之間有重復定義方法的)。

 

內部工作機制(Spring容器ApplicationContext的初始化                                                                                    

(一) 首先來看創建ApplicationContext ,以ClassPathXmlApplicationContext為例:

ApplicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(xmlPath);  

源碼如下:

public class ClassPathXmlApplicationContext extends AbstractXmlApplicationContext {

public ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(String configLocation) throws BeansException {
                  this(new String[] {configLocation});
       }

public ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(String[] configLocations) throws BeansException {
                  this(configLocations, (ApplicationContext) null);
       }

//。。。。。。省略幾個重載的構造函數

public ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(String[] configLocations, ApplicationContext parent)
                                                                                                                         throws BeansException {

          super(parent);
                 this.configLocations = configLocations;

          //IoC容器的初始化過程,其初始化過程的大致步驟由AbstractApplicationContext來定義   
                 refresh();
       }

關鍵之處在於refresh方法,此方法繼承於ClassPathXmlApplicationContext的間接父類:

public abstract class AbstractApplicationContext extends DefaultResourceLoader
                                                        implements ConfigurableApplicationContext, DisposableBean
 {

Spring的AbstractApplicationContext是ApplicationContext抽象實現類,該抽象類的refresh()方法定義了Spring容器在加載配置文件后的各項處理過程,這些處理過程清晰刻畫了Spring容器啟動時所執行的各項操作(創建Spring容器如ClassPathXmlApplicationContext)。下面,我們來看一下refresh()內部定義了哪些執行邏輯:

public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException {
              synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) {
                    // Prepare this context for refreshing.
                    prepareRefresh();

             // Tell the subclass to refresh the internal bean factory       

            ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory();--------(1)

             // Prepare the bean factory for use in this context.
                    prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory);

             try {
                          // Allows post-processing of the bean factory in context subclasses.
                          postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);

                   // Invoke factory processors registered as beans in the context.
                          invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);-------------------------------------(2)

                   // Register bean processors that intercept bean creation
                          registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory);---------------------------------------------(3)

                   // Initialize message source for this context.
                          initMessageSource();-------------------------------------------------------------------------(4)

                   // Initialize event multicaster for this context.
                          initApplicationEventMulticaster();-----------------------------------------------------------(5)

                   // Initialize other special beans in specific context subclasses.
                          onRefresh();------------------------------------------------------------------------------------(6)

                   // Check for listener beans and register them.
                          registerListeners();----------------------------------------------------------------------------(7)

                   // Instantiate singletons this late to allow them to access the message source.
                          beanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons();--------------------------------------------------(8)

                   // Last step: publish corresponding event.
                          publishEvent(new ContextRefreshedEvent(this));---------------------------------------(9)
                    } catch (BeansException ex) {
                          // Destroy already created singletons to avoid dangling resources.
                          beanFactory.destroySingletons();
                          throw ex;
                   }
             }
       }

protected ConfigurableListableBeanFactory obtainFreshBeanFactory() {
             refreshBeanFactory();
             ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = getBeanFactory();

      return beanFactory;
       } 

protected abstract void refreshBeanFactory() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException;

public abstract ConfigurableListableBeanFactory getBeanFactory() throws IllegalStateException;

 

1.初始化BeanFactory:根據配置文件實例化BeanFactory,getBeanFactory()方法由具體子類實現。在這一步里,Spring將配置文件的信息解析成為一個個的BeanDefinition對象並裝入到容器的Bean定義注冊表(BeanDefinitionRegistry)中,但此時Bean還未初始化;obtainFreshBeanFactory()會調用自身的refreshBeanFactory(),而refreshBeanFactory()方法由子類AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext實現,該方法返回了一個創建的DefaultListableBeanFactory對象,這個對象就是由ApplicationContext管理的BeanFactory容器對象

這一步的操作相當於,如果我們在自己的應用代碼中不用ApplicationContext而直接用BeanFactory時創建BeanFactory對象的操作

核心代碼如下:

public abstract class AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext extends AbstractApplicationContext { }

 /** 該ApplicationContext管理的BeanFactory容器對象*/
       private DefaultListableBeanFactory beanFactory;

protected final void refreshBeanFactory() throws BeansException {
              // Shut down previous bean factory, if any.
              ConfigurableListableBeanFactory oldBeanFactory = null;
              synchronized (this.beanFactoryMonitor) {
                      oldBeanFactory = this.beanFactory;
              }
              if (oldBeanFactory != null) {
                      oldBeanFactory.destroySingletons();
                      synchronized (this.beanFactoryMonitor) {
                             this.beanFactory = null;
                      }
              }

       // Initialize fresh bean factory.
              try {

               // 創建容器對象
                      DefaultListableBeanFactory beanFactory = createBeanFactory();

               // Customize the internal bean factory used by this context
                      customizeBeanFactory(beanFactory);

               // 裝載配置文件,並傳入相關聯的BeanFactory對象,作為BeanDefinition的容器
                      loadBeanDefinitions(beanFactory);
                      synchronized (this.beanFactoryMonitor) {
                            this.beanFactory = beanFactory;
                      }
              }  catch (IOException ex) {
                      throw new ApplicationContextException(
                                  "I/O error parsing XML document for application context [" + getDisplayName() + "]", ex);
              }
       }

// 創建Spring默認的容器對象

protected DefaultListableBeanFactory createBeanFactory() {
              return new DefaultListableBeanFactory(getInternalParentBeanFactory());
       }

// 該方法為一個鈎子方法,子類可以覆蓋它對當前上下文管理的BeanFactory提供客戶化操作,也可以忽略

protected void customizeBeanFactory(DefaultListableBeanFactory beanFactory) {
       }

// 裝載配置文件的方法,需要子類實現

protected abstract void loadBeanDefinitions(DefaultListableBeanFactory beanFactory)
                                                                                                     throws IOException, BeansException;

 

對於上面裝載配置文件的方法,由其子類擴展實現:

public abstract class AbstractXmlApplicationContext extends AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext  {}

protected void loadBeanDefinitions(DefaultListableBeanFactory beanFactory) throws IOException {
             // 使用XMLBeanDefinitionReader來載入bean定義信息的XML文件,傳入關聯的BeanFactory

      XmlBeanDefinitionReader beanDefinitionReader = new XmlBeanDefinitionReader(beanFactory);

      // 這里配置reader的環境,其中ResourceLoader是我們用來定位bean定義信息資源位置的
             // 因為上下文本身實現了ResourceLoader接口,所以可以直接把上下文作為ResourceLoader傳遞入

      beanDefinitionReader.setResourceLoader(this);
             beanDefinitionReader.setEntityResolver(new ResourceEntityResolver(this));

      // Allow a subclass to provide custom initialization of the reader,
             // then proceed with actually loading the bean definitions.
             initBeanDefinitionReader(beanDefinitionReader);

      // 這里轉到定義好的XmlBeanDefinitionReader中對載入bean信息進行處理 
             loadBeanDefinitions(beanDefinitionReader);
       } 

protected void loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader reader) throws BeansException, IOException {
             Resource[] configResources = getConfigResources();
             if (configResources != null) {
                     reader.loadBeanDefinitions(configResources);
             }
             String[] configLocations = getConfigLocations();
             if (configLocations != null) {
                     reader.loadBeanDefinitions(configLocations);
             }
       }

reader.loadBeanDefinitions(configLocations);涉及到XmlBeanDefinitionReader 工具類的使用(以后整理

2.調用工廠后處理器:根據反射機制從BeanDefinitionRegistry中找出所有BeanFactoryPostProcessor類型的Bean,並調用其postProcessBeanFactory()接口方法;

經過第一步加載配置文件,已經把配置文件中定義的所有bean裝載到BeanDefinitionRegistry這個Beanfactory中,對於ApplicationContext應用來說這個BeanDefinitionRegistry類型的BeanFactory就是Spring默認的DefaultListableBeanFactory

public class DefaultListableBeanFactory extends AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory
                                                           implements ConfigurableListableBeanFactory, BeanDefinitionRegistry

在這些被裝載的bean中,若有類型為BeanFactoryPostProcessor的bean(配置文件中配置的),則將對應的BeanDefinition生成BeanFactoryPostProcessor對象

容器掃描BeanDefinitionRegistry中的BeanDefinition,使用java反射自動識別出Bean工廠后處理器(實現BeanFactoryPostProcessor接口)的bean,然后調用這些bean工廠后處理器對BeanDefinitionRegistry中的BeanDefinition進行加工處理,可以完成以下兩項工作(當然也可以有其他的操作,用戶自己定義):

1 對使用到占位符的<bean>元素標簽進行解析,得到最終的配置值,這意味着對一些半成品式的BeanDefinition對象進行加工處理並取得成品的BeanDefinition對象。2 對BeanDefinitionRegistry中的BeanDefinition進行掃描,通過Java反射機制找出所有屬性編輯器的Bean(實現java.beans.PropertyEditor接口的Bean),並自動將它們注冊到Spring容器的屬性編輯器注冊表中(PropertyEditorRegistry),這個Spring提供了實現:CustomEditorConfigurer,它實現了BeanFactoryPostProcessor,用它來在此注冊自定義屬性編輯器;

AbstractApplicationContext中的代碼如下:

protected void invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) {
             // Invoke factory processors registered with the context instance.
             for (Iterator it = getBeanFactoryPostProcessors().iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
                   BeanFactoryPostProcessor factoryProcessor = (BeanFactoryPostProcessor) it.next();
                   factoryProcessor.postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);
             }

      // Do not initialize FactoryBeans here: We need to leave all regular beans
             // 通過ApplicatinContext管理的beanfactory獲取已經注冊的BeanFactoryPostProcessor類型的bean的名字

             String[] factoryProcessorNames =
                              beanFactory.getBeanNamesForType(BeanFactoryPostProcessor.class, true, false);

      // Separate between BeanFactoryPostProcessors that implement the Ordered
             // interface and those that do not.
             List orderedFactoryProcessors = new ArrayList();
             List nonOrderedFactoryProcessorNames = new ArrayList();
             for (int i = 0; i < factoryProcessorNames.length; i++) {
                   if (isTypeMatch(factoryProcessorNames[i], Ordered.class)) {

                   // 調用beanfactory的getBean取得所有的BeanFactoryPostProcessor對象
                         orderedFactoryProcessors.add(beanFactory.getBean(factoryProcessorNames[i]));
                   }
                   else {
                         nonOrderedFactoryProcessorNames.add(factoryProcessorNames[i]);
                   }
             }

      // First, invoke the BeanFactoryPostProcessors that implement Ordered.
             Collections.sort(orderedFactoryProcessors, new OrderComparator());
             for (Iterator it = orderedFactoryProcessors.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
                  BeanFactoryPostProcessor factoryProcessor = (BeanFactoryPostProcessor) it.next();

           // 執行BeanFactoryPostProcessor的方法,傳入當前持有的beanfactory對象,以獲取要操作的 

           // BeanDefinition
                  factoryProcessor.postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);
             }
             // Second, invoke all other BeanFactoryPostProcessors, one by one.
             for (Iterator it = nonOrderedFactoryProcessorNames.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
                  String factoryProcessorName = (String) it.next();
                  ((BeanFactoryPostProcessor) getBean(factoryProcessorName)).

                                                                      postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);
             }
       }

 

BeanFactoryPostProcessor接口代碼如下,實際的操作由用戶擴展並配置(擴展點,如何擴展?

package org.springframework.beans.factory.config;

public interface BeanFactoryPostProcessor {

     /**
             * Modify the application context's internal bean factory after its standard
            */
             void postProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException;

}

 

3.注冊Bean后處理器:根據反射機制從BeanDefinitionRegistry中找出所有BeanPostProcessor類型的Bean,並將它們注冊到容器Bean后處理器的注冊表中;

AbstractApplicatinContext中對應代碼如下:

protected void registerBeanPostProcessors(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) {
              String[] processorNames = beanFactory.getBeanNamesForType(BeanPostProcessor.class, true, false);

         // Register BeanPostProcessorChecker that logs an info message when
                int beanProcessorTargetCount = beanFactory.getBeanPostProcessorCount() + 1 +  

                                                                                                                        processorNames.length;
                beanFactory.addBeanPostProcessor(new BeanPostProcessorChecker(beanFactory,  

                                                                                                                beanProcessorTargetCount));
                List orderedProcessors = new ArrayList();
                List nonOrderedProcessorNames = new ArrayList();  

         for (int i = 0; i < processorNames.length; i++) {
                      if (isTypeMatch(processorNames[i], Ordered.class)) {
                           orderedProcessors.add(getBean(processorNames[i]));
                      }
                      else {
                           nonOrderedProcessorNames.add(processorNames[i]);
                      }  
                }

         // First, register the BeanPostProcessors that implement Ordered.
                Collections.sort(orderedProcessors, new OrderComparator());
                for (Iterator it = orderedProcessors.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {

               // 注冊bean后處理器,該方法定義於ConfigurableBeanFactory接口
                      beanFactory.addBeanPostProcessor((BeanPostProcessor) it.next());
                }
                // Second, register all other BeanPostProcessors, one by one.
                for (Iterator it = nonOrderedProcessorNames.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
                      String processorName = (String) it.next();
                      beanFactory.addBeanPostProcessor((BeanPostProcessor) getBean(processorName));
                }
       }

整段代碼類似於第三步的調用工廠后處理器,區別之處在於,工廠后處理器在獲取后立即調用,而Bean后處理器在獲取后注冊到上下文持有的beanfactory中,供以后操作調用(在用戶獲取bean的過程中,對已經完成屬性設置工作的Bean進行后續加工,他加工的是bean,而工廠后處理器加工的是BeanDefinition)

BeanPostProcessor 接口代碼如下,實際的操作由用戶擴展並配置(擴展點,如何擴展?

package org.springframework.beans.factory.config;

public interface BeanPostProcessor {
             Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException;
             Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException;

}

 

4.初始化消息源:初始化容器的國際化信息資源;

源代碼如下:

protected void initMessageSource() {
                // 補充
       }

 

5.初始化應用上下文事件廣播器;

(觀察者模式中的具體主題角色,持有觀察者角色的集合,稱為注冊表)

AbstractApplciationContext擁有一個applicationEventMulticaster 成員變量,applicationEventMulticaster 提供了容器監聽器的注冊表,成其為事件廣播器。在第七步中將會將事件監聽器裝入其中

AbstractApplicationContext中的代碼如下:

private ApplicationEventMulticaster applicationEventMulticaster;

protected void initApplicationEventMulticaster() {

        // "applicationEventMulticaster",先看配置文件中有無配置該類型類(用戶擴展 擴展點,如何擴展
               if (containsLocalBean(APPLICATION_EVENT_MULTICASTER_BEAN_NAME)) {
                    this.applicationEventMulticaster = (ApplicationEventMulticaster)
                    getBean(APPLICATION_EVENT_MULTICASTER_BEAN_NAME, ApplicationEventMulticaster.class);
               }
               else {

              // 若沒有,則應用Spring框架提供的事件廣播器實例
                     this.applicationEventMulticaster = new SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster();
               }
       }
       public boolean containsLocalBean(String name) {
               return getBeanFactory().containsLocalBean(name);
       }

public Object getBean(String name, Class requiredType) throws BeansException {
              return getBeanFactory().getBean(name, requiredType);
       }

Spring初始化事件廣播器,用戶可以在配置文件中為容器定義一個自定義的事件廣播器(bean的名稱要為"applicationEventMulticaster"),只要實現ApplicationEventMulticaster就可以了,Spring在此會根據beanfactory自動獲取。如果沒有找到外部配置的事件廣播器,Spring使用SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster作為事件廣播器。

 

6.初始化其他特殊的Bean:這是一個鈎子方法,子類可以借助這個鈎子方法執行一些特殊的操作:

如AbstractRefreshableWebApplicationContext就使用該鈎子方法執行初始化ThemeSource的操作;

protected void onRefresh() throws BeansException {(擴展點,如何擴展

package org.springframework.context;
            // For subclasses: do nothing by default.
       }

 

7.注冊事件監聽器;(觀察者模式中的觀察者角色)

Spring根據上下文持有的beanfactory對象,從它的BeanDefinitionRegistry中找出所有實現org.springfamework.context.ApplicationListener的bean,將BeanDefinition對象生成bean,注冊為容器的事件監聽器,實際的操作就是將其添加到事件廣播器所提供的監聽器注冊表中

AbstractApplicationContext中的代碼如下:

/** Statically specified listeners */

private List applicationListeners = new ArrayList();

public List getApplicationListeners() {
              return this.applicationListeners;
       }

protected void registerListeners() {
              // Register statically specified listeners first.
              for (Iterator it = getApplicationListeners().iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
                     addListener((ApplicationListener) it.next());
              }
              // 獲取ApplicationListener類型的所有bean,即事件監聽器
              // uninitialized to let post-processors apply to them!
              Collection listenerBeans = getBeansOfType(ApplicationListener.class, true, false).values();
              for (Iterator it = listenerBeans.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {

              // 將事件監聽器裝入第五步初始化的事件廣播器
                     addListener((ApplicationListener) it.next());
              }
       }

public Map getBeansOfType(Class type, boolean includePrototypes, boolean allowEagerInit)
                                                                                                                          throws BeansException {

         return getBeanFactory().getBeansOfType(type, includePrototypes, allowEagerInit);
       }

protected void addListener(ApplicationListener listener) {
                getApplicationEventMulticaster().addApplicationListener(listener);
       }

ApplicationListener 的源代碼如下:(擴展點,如何擴展

package org.springframework.context;

import java.util.EventListener;

/**
        * Interface to be implemented by application event listeners.
        * @see org.springframework.context.event.ApplicationEventMulticaster
       */
       public interface ApplicationListener extends EventListener {
                void onApplicationEvent(ApplicationEvent event);

}

 

8.初始化singleton的Bean:實例化所有singleton的Bean,並將它們放入Spring容器的緩存中;這就是和直接在應用中使用BeanFactory的區別之處,在創建ApplicationContext對象時,不僅創建了一個BeanFactory對象,並且還應用它實例化所有單實例的bean。(在spring的配置文件中,bean默認為單例,除非在bean的配置中顯式指定scope="prototype"

AbstractApplicationContext中的代碼如下:

beanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons();

關於BeanFactory體系的代碼參照。。。。。。

 

9.發布上下文刷新事件:在此處時容器已經啟動完成,發布容器refresh事件(ContextRefreshedEvent)

創建上下文刷新事件,事件廣播器負責將些事件廣播到每個注冊的事件監聽器中。

publishEvent(new ContextRefreshedEvent(this));

public void publishEvent(ApplicationEvent event) {
              Assert.notNull(event, "Event must not be null");

       // 在此獲取事件廣播器,並調用其方法發布事件:調用所有注冊的監聽器的方法
              getApplicationEventMulticaster().multicastEvent(event);
              if (this.parent != null) {
                    this.parent.publishEvent(event);
              }
       }

 

至此,ApplicationContext對象就完成了初始化工作:創建BeanFactory來裝配BeanDefiniton,加工處理BeanDefiniton,注冊了bean后處理器,初始化了消息資源,初始化了應用上下文事件廣播器,注冊了事件監聽器,初始化了所有singleton的bean,最后發布上下文刷新事件


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