avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle
10.43 0.00 1.51 1.51 0.00 86.56
Device:rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await r_await w_await svctm %util
sda 4477.00 9.00 951.00 13.00 24288.00 2492.00 55.56 0.21 0.22 0.21 0.92 0.17 16.00
%user :Show the percentage of CPU utilization that occurred while executing at the user level (application).
%nice :Show the percentage of CPU utilization that occurred while executing at the user level with nice priority.
%iowait:Show the percentage of time that the CPU or CPUs were idle during which the system had an outstanding disk I/O request.
%steal :Show the percentage of time spent in involuntary wait by the virtual CPU or CPUs while the hypervisor was servicing another virtual processor.
%idle :Show the percentage of time that the CPU or CPUs were idle and the system did not have an outstanding disk I/O request.
即delta(wmerge)/s
即delta(rio)/s
await的大小一般取決於服務時間(svctm)以及I/O隊列的長度和I/O請求的發出模式。假設svctm比較接近await,說明I/O差點兒沒有等待時間;假設await遠大於svctm,說明I/O隊列太長。應用得到的響應時間變慢,假設響應時間超過了用戶能夠容許的范圍,這時能夠考慮更換更快的磁盤,調整內核elevator算法,優化應用,或者升級CPU