不多說，直接上干貨！
說在前面的話
首先，查看下你的操作系統的版本。
root@zhouls-virtual-machine:~# cat /etc/issue Ubuntu 14.04.4 LTS \n \l root@zhouls-virtual-machine:~#
我的是Ubuntu 14.04.4
我的環境在Ubuntu14.04下搭建，注意：不同版本之間可能存在兼容性(其他的如16.04，我也暫時測試過)
Ubuntu16.04下Mongodb安裝部署步驟（圖文詳解）
root@zhouls-virtual-machine:~# mongo The program 'mongo' is currently not installed. You can install it by typing: apt-get install mongodb-clients root@zhouls-virtual-machine:~#
這里，建議大家不要直接就輸入apt-get install mongodb-clients來安裝。
這樣有兩點問題：
1.安裝的是客戶端
2.版本問題，這個很重要，項目中mongo數據庫用的是2.6，而apt-get自動安裝的根本不知道是什么版本，而mongodb不同版本之間是不能兼容的。所以如果根據需要是遷移數據庫之類的，這樣到后面會有超級一大堆的錯誤。
Mongodb安裝包的下載
mongo官網下載地址 （進入）
根據自己的需要選擇版本下載，需要注意亮點：
1.大版本保持一致，因為大版本之間不兼容
2.mongodb亦按照基數版本不穩定的規則，一般用於生產環境的都是偶數版本，如果安裝的是基數(例如2.7)，進入時會出現一下提示。
我這里，就選擇最簡單的和免費的，社區服務版本。
我一般喜歡用tar.gz來下載安裝，當然大家也可以選擇用rpm方式來安裝。
https://fastdl.mongodb.org/linux/mongodb-linux-x86_64-ubuntu1404-3.4.4.tgz
mongodb的安裝部署
下載解壓
我這里，先暫時是，放在/home/zhouls/Downloads/下
zhouls@zhouls-virtual-machine:~/Downloads$ sudo -s [sudo] password for zhouls: root@zhouls-virtual-machine:~/Downloads# pwd /home/zhouls/Downloads root@zhouls-virtual-machine:~/Downloads# ls mongodb-linux-x86_64-ubuntu1604-3.4.4.tgz vmware-tools-distrib root@zhouls-virtual-machine:~/Downloads# tar -zxvf mongodb-linux-x86_64-ubuntu1604-3.4.4.tgz mongodb-linux-x86_64-ubuntu1604-3.4.4/README mongodb-linux-x86_64-ubuntu1604-3.4.4/THIRD-PARTY-NOTICES mongodb-linux-x86_64-ubuntu1604-3.4.4/MPL-2 mongodb-linux-x86_64-ubuntu1604-3.4.4/GNU-AGPL-3.0 mongodb-linux-x86_64-ubuntu1604-3.4.4/bin/mongodump mongodb-linux-x86_64-ubuntu1604-3.4.4/bin/mongorestore mongodb-linux-x86_64-ubuntu1604-3.4.4/bin/mongoexport mongodb-linux-x86_64-ubuntu1604-3.4.4/bin/mongoimport mongodb-linux-x86_64-ubuntu1604-3.4.4/bin/mongostat mongodb-linux-x86_64-ubuntu1604-3.4.4/bin/mongotop mongodb-linux-x86_64-ubuntu1604-3.4.4/bin/bsondump mongodb-linux-x86_64-ubuntu1604-3.4.4/bin/mongofiles mongodb-linux-x86_64-ubuntu1604-3.4.4/bin/mongooplog mongodb-linux-x86_64-ubuntu1604-3.4.4/bin/mongoreplay mongodb-linux-x86_64-ubuntu1604-3.4.4/bin/mongoperf mongodb-linux-x86_64-ubuntu1604-3.4.4/bin/mongod mongodb-linux-x86_64-ubuntu1604-3.4.4/bin/mongos mongodb-linux-x86_64-ubuntu1604-3.4.4/bin/mongo root@zhouls-virtual-machine:~/Downloads#
mongodb不需要像別的數據庫那樣配置解壓后放到/usr/local
但是為了方便管理，最好還是放到usr/local下面。
命令如下：
root@zhouls-virtual-machine:~/Downloads# ls mongodb-linux-x86_64-ubuntu1604-3.4.4 vmware-tools-distrib mongodb-linux-x86_64-ubuntu1604-3.4.4.tgz root@zhouls-virtual-machine:~/Downloads# mv mongodb-linux-x86_64-ubuntu1604-3.4.4 /usr/local/mongodb root@zhouls-virtual-machine:~/Downloads# cd /usr/local root@zhouls-virtual-machine:/usr/local# pwd /usr/local root@zhouls-virtual-machine:/usr/local# ls bin etc games include lib man mongodb sbin share src root@zhouls-virtual-machine:/usr/local#
初步認識下，mongdb的目錄結構
root@zhouls-virtual-machine:/usr/local/mongodb# pwd /usr/local/mongodb root@zhouls-virtual-machine:/usr/local/mongodb# ls bin GNU-AGPL-3.0 MPL-2 README THIRD-PARTY-NOTICES root@zhouls-virtual-machine:/usr/local/mongodb#
然后為了mongodb創建存儲數據的文件目錄和日志文件目錄
root@zhouls-virtual-machine:/usr/local/mongodb# pwd /usr/local/mongodb root@zhouls-virtual-machine:/usr/local/mongodb# ls bin GNU-AGPL-3.0 MPL-2 README THIRD-PARTY-NOTICES root@zhouls-virtual-machine:/usr/local/mongodb# mkdir data root@zhouls-virtual-machine:/usr/local/mongodb# mkdir log root@zhouls-virtual-machine:/usr/local/mongodb# ls bin data GNU-AGPL-3.0 log MPL-2 README THIRD-PARTY-NOTICES root@zhouls-virtual-machine:/usr/local/mongodb#
進入到mongodb下面的bin里面查看mongodb幫助文檔
root@zhouls-virtual-machine:/usr/local/mongodb# pwd
/usr/local/mongodb
root@zhouls-virtual-machine:/usr/local/mongodb# ls
bin data GNU-AGPL-3.0 log MPL-2 README THIRD-PARTY-NOTICES
root@zhouls-virtual-machine:/usr/local/mongodb# cd bin
root@zhouls-virtual-machine:/usr/local/mongodb/bin# pwd
/usr/local/mongodb/bin
root@zhouls-virtual-machine:/usr/local/mongodb/bin# ls
bsondump mongodump mongoimport mongoreplay mongostat
mongo mongoexport mongooplog mongorestore mongotop
mongod mongofiles mongoperf mongos
root@zhouls-virtual-machine:/usr/local/mongodb/bin# ./mongod -h
Options:
General options:
-h [ --help ] show this usage information
--version show version information
-f [ --config ] arg configuration file specifying
additional options
-v [ --verbose ] [=arg(=v)] be more verbose (include multiple times
for more verbosity e.g. -vvvvv)
--quiet quieter output
--port arg specify port number - 27017 by default
--bind_ip arg comma separated list of ip addresses to
listen on - all local ips by default
--ipv6 enable IPv6 support (disabled by
default)
--maxConns arg max number of simultaneous connections
- 1000000 by default
--logpath arg log file to send write to instead of
stdout - has to be a file, not
directory
--syslog log to system's syslog facility instead
of file or stdout
--syslogFacility arg syslog facility used for mongodb syslog
message
--logappend append to logpath instead of
over-writing
--logRotate arg set the log rotation behavior
(rename|reopen)
--timeStampFormat arg Desired format for timestamps in log
messages. One of ctime, iso8601-utc or
iso8601-local
--pidfilepath arg full path to pidfile (if not set, no
pidfile is created)
--keyFile arg private key for cluster authentication
--noauth run without security
--setParameter arg Set a configurable parameter
--httpinterface enable http interface
--transitionToAuth For rolling access control upgrade.
Attempt to authenticate over outgoing
connections and proceed regardless of
success. Accept incoming connections
with or without authentication.
--clusterAuthMode arg Authentication mode used for cluster
authentication. Alternatives are
(keyFile|sendKeyFile|sendX509|x509)
--nounixsocket disable listening on unix sockets
--unixSocketPrefix arg alternative directory for UNIX domain
sockets (defaults to /tmp)
--filePermissions arg permissions to set on UNIX domain
socket file - 0700 by default
--fork fork server process
--networkMessageCompressors arg Comma-separated list of compressors to
use for network messages
--auth run with security
--jsonp allow JSONP access via http (has
security implications)
--rest turn on simple rest api
--slowms arg (=100) value of slow for profile and console
log
--profile arg 0=off 1=slow, 2=all
--cpu periodically show cpu and iowait
utilization
--sysinfo print some diagnostic system
information
--noIndexBuildRetry don't retry any index builds that were
interrupted by shutdown
--noscripting disable scripting engine
--notablescan do not allow table scans
--shutdown kill a running server (for init
scripts)
Replication options:
--oplogSize arg size to use (in MB) for replication op
log. default is 5% of disk space (i.e.
large is good)
Master/slave options (old; use replica sets instead):
--master master mode
--slave slave mode
--source arg when slave: specify master as
<server:port>
--only arg when slave: specify a single database
to replicate
--slavedelay arg specify delay (in seconds) to be used
when applying master ops to slave
--autoresync automatically resync if slave data is
stale
Replica set options:
--replSet arg arg is <setname>[/<optionalseedhostlist
>]
--replIndexPrefetch arg specify index prefetching behavior (if
secondary) [none|_id_only|all]
--enableMajorityReadConcern enables majority readConcern
Sharding options:
--configsvr declare this is a config db of a
cluster; default port 27019; default
dir /data/configdb
--shardsvr declare this is a shard db of a
cluster; default port 27018
SSL options:
--sslOnNormalPorts use ssl on configured ports
--sslMode arg set the SSL operation mode
(disabled|allowSSL|preferSSL|requireSSL
)
--sslPEMKeyFile arg PEM file for ssl
--sslPEMKeyPassword arg PEM file password
--sslClusterFile arg Key file for internal SSL
authentication
--sslClusterPassword arg Internal authentication key file
password
--sslCAFile arg Certificate Authority file for SSL
--sslCRLFile arg Certificate Revocation List file for
SSL
--sslDisabledProtocols arg Comma separated list of TLS protocols
to disable [TLS1_0,TLS1_1,TLS1_2]
--sslWeakCertificateValidation allow client to connect without
presenting a certificate
--sslAllowConnectionsWithoutCertificates
allow client to connect without
presenting a certificate
--sslAllowInvalidHostnames Allow server certificates to provide
non-matching hostnames
--sslAllowInvalidCertificates allow connections to servers with
invalid certificates
--sslFIPSMode activate FIPS 140-2 mode at startup
Storage options:
--storageEngine arg what storage engine to use - defaults
to wiredTiger if no data files present
--dbpath arg directory for datafiles - defaults to
/data/db
--directoryperdb each database will be stored in a
separate directory
--noprealloc disable data file preallocation - will
often hurt performance
--nssize arg (=16) .ns file size (in MB) for new databases
--quota limits each database to a certain
number of files (8 default)
--quotaFiles arg number of files allowed per db, implies
--quota
--smallfiles use a smaller default file size
--syncdelay arg (=60) seconds between disk syncs (0=never,
but not recommended)
--upgrade upgrade db if needed
--repair run repair on all dbs
--repairpath arg root directory for repair files -
defaults to dbpath
--journal enable journaling
--nojournal disable journaling (journaling is on by
default for 64 bit)
--journalOptions arg journal diagnostic options
--journalCommitInterval arg how often to group/batch commit (ms)
WiredTiger options:
--wiredTigerCacheSizeGB arg maximum amount of memory to allocate
for cache; defaults to 1/2 of physical
RAM
--wiredTigerStatisticsLogDelaySecs arg (=0)
seconds to wait between each write to a
statistics file in the dbpath; 0 means
do not log statistics
--wiredTigerJournalCompressor arg (=snappy)
use a compressor for log records
[none|snappy|zlib]
--wiredTigerDirectoryForIndexes Put indexes and data in different
directories
--wiredTigerCollectionBlockCompressor arg (=snappy)
block compression algorithm for
collection data [none|snappy|zlib]
--wiredTigerIndexPrefixCompression arg (=1)
use prefix compression on row-store
leaf pages
root@zhouls-virtual-machine:/usr/local/mongodb/bin#
找到參數
--fork
--dbpath arg
--logpath arg
--nohttpinterface
啟動 MongoDB數據庫
使用下列命令啟動 mongod 進程。
sudo service mongod start
或者
啟動數據庫（推薦）
./mongod --dbpath=/usr/local/mongodb/data/ --fork --logpath=/usr/local/mongodb/log
--dbpath=/usr/local/mongodb/data/ 用於指定存放的mongodb數據庫
--fork 是后台執行，不然一直在前台
--logpath=/usr/local/mongodb/log用於指定mongodb的日志記錄文件
mongodb啟動時報錯ERROR: child process failed, exited with error number 1
檢查 MongoDB 是否成功啟動
通過檢查 /var/log/mongodb/mongod.log 文件來確定 mongod 進程是否已經成功啟動。
或者查看進程
ps -ef | grep mongod
root@zhouls-virtual-machine:~# ps -ef | grep mongod root 6072 4783 1 11:09 ? 00:00:01 ./mongod --dbpath=/usr/local/mongodb/data/ --fork --logpath=/usr/local/mongodb/log root 6138 6126 0 11:12 pts/11 00:00:00 grep --color=auto mongod root@zhouls-virtual-machine:~#
啟動后即可通過mongo命令進入數據庫
如果大家按照上面的步驟來，安裝之后，還是出現這樣的情況的話，則那么直接，用apt install mongodb-clients吧。
停止 MongoDB
sudo service mongod stop
重新啟動 MongoDB
sudo service mongod restart