Java TCP通信概念及實例

TCP/UDP 協議

通俗解釋：

       TCP協議和UDP協議的區別類似於電話系統和郵政系統。

              <1>TCP：類似於電話系統，建立雙向的通信通道，確定連接，話音順序接聽。

              <2>UDP：類似於郵政系統，發送方將信件發送到正確的地址，但並不知道准確的郵路，大多數郵件到達了目的地，個別情況一些郵件會在路上丟失。郵件不保證順序到達目的地。

 

TCP套接字

       Socket

　　客戶端的通信套接字，可指定遠端IP地址、端口進行連接通信，也可以通過方法獲取已連接的socket的遠端IP地址、端口，以及將此socket以字節輸入流和輸出流的形式返回，當與數據輸入流和輸出流綁定，便可實現客戶端的網絡通信。

　　構造函數均為public修飾類型，如果創建socket時發生I/O錯誤，均拋出IOException異常。常用構造函數如下：

       Socket(InetAddress address,int port):創建一個socket並與規定的IP地址的指定的端口相連接。

       Socket(String host,int port):創建一個socket並與指定主機的指定端口連接。

 

       ServerSocket        

       服務器的通訊套接字，用來偵聽客戶端請求的連接，並為每個新連接創建一個socket對象，由此創建綁定此socket的輸入流和輸出流，與客戶端實現網絡通信。

　　 構造函數均為public修飾類型，如果創建socket時發生I/O錯誤，均拋出IOException異常。常用構造函數如下：

　　　ServerSocket(int port):在所給定的用來偵聽的端口上建立一個服務器套接字。如果端口號為0，則在任意的空閑的端口上建立要給服務器套接字。外來連接請求的數量默認最大為50。

 

多線程聊天室實例

服務端Cilent

 　　創建ServerSocket並監聽設置的端口，調用accpet()方法，直到找到對應的socket與之連接，創建一個線程為止服務。

　　 Launch the Application 部分為Java Swing的窗口部分。

public class ServerCilent {

    private JFrame frmServer;
    private JTextField textField;
    private JTable table;
    private JLabel lblNewLabel;
    private JButton btnRefresh;
    private JButton btnListenstart;
    private SocketManager SocketArr=new SocketManager();
    
    //創建 Server端
        void getServer(int port)
        {
            try {
                ServerSocket serverSocket=new ServerSocket(port);
                System.out.println("已經開啟服務端");
                while(true)
                {
                    Socket socket=serverSocket.accept();
                    new W_Thread(socket).start();
                    SocketArr.add(socket);
                    SocketArr.sendClientInfo();
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                // TODO: handle exception
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        
    class W_Thread extends Thread
    {
        Socket socket=null;
        private BufferedReader reader;
        private PrintWriter writer;
        public W_Thread(Socket socket)
        {
            this.socket=socket;
        }
        
        public void run()
        {
            try {
                reader=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
                writer=new PrintWriter(socket.getOutputStream(),true);
                String msg;
                while((msg=reader.readLine())!=null )
                {
                    System.out.println(msg);
                    SocketArr.SendtoAll(msg);
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                // TODO: handle exception
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            
        }
        
    }
    

    
    
    
    /**
     * Launch the application.
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
                try {
                    ServerCilent window = new ServerCilent();
                    window.frmServer.setVisible(true);
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        });
    }

    /**
     * Create the application.
     */
    public ServerCilent() {
        initialize();
    }

    /**
     * Initialize the contents of the frame.
     */
    private void initialize() {
        frmServer = new JFrame();
        frmServer.setResizable(false);
        frmServer.setTitle("ServerCilent");
        frmServer.setBounds(100, 100, 452, 371);
        frmServer.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        frmServer.getContentPane().setLayout(null);
        
        JPanel panel = new JPanel();
        panel.setBorder(new TitledBorder(null, "DefaultSetting", TitledBorder.LEADING, TitledBorder.TOP, null, null));
        panel.setBounds(10, 10, 414, 66);
        frmServer.getContentPane().add(panel);
        panel.setLayout(null);
        
        JLabel lblPort = new JLabel("Port:");
        lblPort.setBounds(10, 25, 54, 15);
        panel.add(lblPort);
        
        textField = new JTextField();
        textField.setBounds(48, 22, 122, 21);
        panel.add(textField);
        textField.setColumns(10);
        
        btnListenstart = new JButton("Listen&Start");
        btnListenstart.addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent arg0) {
                int port=Integer.parseInt(textField.getText());
                ServerCilent serverCilent=new ServerCilent();
                serverCilent.getServer(port);
                textField.setEditable(false);
                btnListenstart.setVisible(false);
            }
        });
        btnListenstart.setBounds(254, 21, 136, 23);
        panel.add(btnListenstart);
        
        
        JLabel label = new JLabel("在線人數：");
        label.setBounds(10, 298, 82, 15);
        frmServer.getContentPane().add(label);
        
        lblNewLabel = new JLabel(String.valueOf(SocketArr.size()));
        lblNewLabel.setBounds(75, 298, 54, 15);
        frmServer.getContentPane().add(lblNewLabel);
        
        btnRefresh = new JButton("Refresh");
        btnRefresh.setBounds(331, 298, 93, 23);
        frmServer.getContentPane().add(btnRefresh);
    }
}

多線程客戶端Cilent

創建Socket，並獲取對應的輸入輸出流即可。

public class Cilent implements Runnable{

    /*Swing*/
    private JFrame frmLogincilent;
    private JTextField IPAdress;
    private JTextField Port;
    private JTextField Nickname;
    private JTextField Sendinfo;
    private JButton Sumbit;
    private JTextArea ShowArea;
    private JButton Send;
    /*Stream*/
    private BufferedReader reader;
    private PrintWriter writer;
    
    
    
    @Override
    public void run(){
        while(true){
            try {
                ShowArea.append(reader.readLine()+"\n");
            } catch (Exception e) {
                // TODO: handle exception
            }
        }
    }
    
    public void Create_Socket(InetAddress ip,int port){
        ShowArea.append("正在嘗試連接到服務端…… ……"+"\n");
        try {
            Socket socket=new Socket(ip, port);
            ShowArea.append("聊天室已經准備好");
            frmLogincilent.setTitle("Ip:"+ip+"   Port:"+port+"   已連接在線");
            reader=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
            writer=new PrintWriter(socket.getOutputStream(),true);
            new Thread(this).start();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // TODO: handle exception
        }
    }
        
    
    
    /**
     * Launch the application.
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
                try {
                    Cilent window = new Cilent();
                    window.frmLogincilent.setVisible(true);
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        });
    }

    /**
     * Create the application.
     */
    public Cilent() {
        initialize();
    }

    /**
     * Initialize the contents of the frame.
     */
    private void initialize() {
        frmLogincilent = new JFrame();
        frmLogincilent.setResizable(false);
        frmLogincilent.setTitle("Cilent");
        frmLogincilent.setBounds(100, 100, 458, 532);
        frmLogincilent.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        frmLogincilent.getContentPane().setLayout(null);
        
        JPanel panel = new JPanel();
        panel.setBorder(new TitledBorder(null, "Default Setting", TitledBorder.LEADING, TitledBorder.TOP, null, null));
        panel.setBounds(10, 10, 424, 84);
        frmLogincilent.getContentPane().add(panel);
        panel.setLayout(null);
        
        JLabel lblIpAdress = new JLabel("IP Adress:");
        lblIpAdress.setBounds(10, 20, 73, 15);
        panel.add(lblIpAdress);
        
        IPAdress = new JTextField();
        IPAdress.setBounds(82, 17, 142, 21);
        panel.add(IPAdress);
        IPAdress.setColumns(10);
        
        JLabel lblProt = new JLabel("Prot:");
        lblProt.setBounds(10, 48, 54, 15);
        panel.add(lblProt);
        
        Port = new JTextField();
        Port.setBounds(82, 45, 66, 21);
        panel.add(Port);
        Port.setColumns(10);
        
        JLabel lblNickname = new JLabel("NickName:");
        lblNickname.setBounds(170, 48, 73, 15);
        panel.add(lblNickname);
        
        Nickname = new JTextField();
        Nickname.setBounds(238, 45, 176, 21);
        panel.add(Nickname);
        Nickname.setColumns(10);
        
        Sumbit = new JButton("Lock&Login");
        Sumbit.addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent arg0) {
                    try {
                        /*Create Socket*/
                        String ipString=IPAdress.getText();
                        int port=Integer.parseInt(Port.getText());
                        String Name=Nickname.getText();
                        InetAddress ip=InetAddress.getByName(ipString);
                        Create_Socket(ip, port);
                        
                        /*Swing*/
                        IPAdress.setEditable(false);
                        Port.setEditable(false);
                        Nickname.setEditable(false);
                        Sumbit.setVisible(false);
                        
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        // TODO: handle exception
                        JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "invalid data");
                    }
                }
                
                
                
            
        });
        Sumbit.setBounds(272, 16, 142, 23);
        panel.add(Sumbit);
        
        ShowArea = new JTextArea();
        ShowArea.setBounds(10, 104, 424, 358);
        frmLogincilent.getContentPane().add(ShowArea);
        
        Sendinfo = new JTextField();
        Sendinfo.setBounds(10, 472, 330, 21);
        frmLogincilent.getContentPane().add(Sendinfo);
        Sendinfo.setColumns(10);
        
        Send = new JButton("Send");
        Send.addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent arg0) {
                writer.println(Nickname.getText()+":"+Sendinfo.getText());
                Sendinfo.setText("");
            }
        });
        Send.setBounds(349, 471, 85, 23);
        frmLogincilent.getContentPane().add(Send);
    }
}

Socket管理類

繼承ArrayList，並添加發送的方法SendtoAll(),以及顯示當前連接數目的方法SendCilentInfo()

public class SocketManager extends ArrayList{
    
    synchronized void add(Socket x)
    {
        super.add(x);
    }
    
    synchronized void remove(Socket x)
    {
        super.remove(x);
    }
    
    synchronized void SendtoAll(String str)
    {
        PrintWriter writer=null;
        Socket socket;
        for(int i=0;i<size();i++)
        {
            socket=(Socket)get(i);
            try {
                writer=new PrintWriter(socket.getOutputStream(),true);
                if(writer!=null)
                {
                    writer.println(str);
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                // TODO: handle exception
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        
    }
    
    synchronized void sendClientInfo()
    {
        String info="當前位於聊天室的人數為"+size();
        System.out.println(info);
        SendtoAll(info);
    }
        
        
}

示例效果：