一次修改mysql字段類型引發的技術探究


說來,mysql數據庫是我們項目中用的比較多的庫,ORM工具喜歡采用細粒度的MyBatis。這里面就這么引出了兩者之間的故事!

 

首先,說改字段吧,將一個表中的varchar字段改為enum字段。如下:

mysql> desc ucc_purchase_status;
+-------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field       | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+-------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id          | int(11)     | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| status_type | varchar(64) | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| timestamp   | datetime    | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| purchase_id | int(11)     | YES  | MUL | NULL    |                |
+-------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

這個表,主要是用來記錄訂單的狀態。因為業務場景,這個訂單的狀態是有限的,目前只有"下單","付款","發貨","收貨","撤單","退貨"。於是想將其修改成enum類型。

 

如下操作,得到錯誤了!!!

mysql> alter table ucc_purchase_status modify status_type enum("xd","fk","fh","sh","cd","th") not null default "xd";
ERROR 1265 (01000): Data truncated for column 'status_type' at row 1

這個錯誤,是什么意思呢?看到data truncated,應該想到什么呢? 通常和數據記錄的內容有關系! 是不是因為我改類型后,默認值與表中當前的值有沖突呢?

 

帶着這個疑問,看了下這個表中的內容:

mysql> select * from ucc_purchase_status;   
+----+-------------+---------------------+-------------+
| id | status_type | timestamp           | purchase_id |
+----+-------------+---------------------+-------------+
|  1 | 下單        | 2017-05-22 14:32:04 |           1 |
|  2 | 發貨        | 2017-05-23 17:32:44 |           2 |
|  3 | 發貨        | 2017-05-24 11:01:19 |           2 |
|  4 | 收貨        | 2017-05-22 14:18:23 |           3 |
+----+-------------+---------------------+-------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

的確,我這個表里面的status_type的值,的確和枚舉的值,是不同的,真是這個原因造成的么?試試!

mysql> alter table ucc_purchase_status modify status_type enum("下單","付款","發貨","收貨","撤單","退貨") not null default "下單";
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.04 sec)
Records: 4  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

呵呵,看來,這個是真的,這個分析是成立的! 改后的表結構:

mysql> desc ucc_purchase_status;
+-------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field       | Type                                                        | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+-------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id          | int(11)                                                     | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| status_type | enum('下單','付款','發貨','收貨','撤單','退貨') | NO | | 下單 |                |
| timestamp   | datetime                                                    | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| purchase_id | int(11)                                                     | YES  | MUL | NULL    |                |
+-------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 

這個數據類型的變化,對應的mapper文件也要修改!用mybatisGenerator工具生成mapper數據!

這個是字段改成enum之前的mapper文件部分:

<resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="com.tg.ecs.ucc.model.UccPurchaseStatus" >
    <id column="id" property="id" jdbcType="INTEGER" />
    <result column="status_type" property="statusType" jdbcType="VARCHAR" />
    <result column="timestamp" property="timestamp" jdbcType="TIMESTAMP" />
    <result column="purchase_id" property="purchaseId" jdbcType="INTEGER" />
</resultMap>

下面這個,是status_type改成enum后的mapper文件部分:

<resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="com.tg.ecs.ucc.model.UccPurchaseStatus">
    <id column="id" jdbcType="INTEGER" property="id" />
    <result column="status_type" jdbcType="CHAR" property="statusType" />
    <result column="timestamp" jdbcType="TIMESTAMP" property="timestamp" />
    <result column="purchase_id" jdbcType="INTEGER" property="purchaseId" />
</resultMap>

 

好,到此,數據都改的差不多了,當然,dao里面的相關數據也都已經修正了。最后,就是mapper里面的sql查詢,做相應的修改。之前對status_type的傳值,都是hard code寫死的,但是呢,這個業務場景,我希望查詢數據,是基於狀態的,比如付款的,未付款的,等等,邏輯都一樣,就是狀態傳入的值不一樣。於是,寫一個通用的sql,通過參數進行過濾,是非常容易想到的方案!

 

這里,就涉及到mybatis增刪改查中dao接口函數中傳參數的問題了。

根據mybatis的官方文檔,支持三種類型的傳參模式:

1. 通過位置序號進行參數映射(序號從0開始,從函數參數列表中,自左向右依次遞增,0,1,2,3)
2. 通過注解@Param("xxx")來進行參數名映射,其中的xxx字符串代表mapper中sql里面的傳入參數。
3. 通過map對參數進行裝載,通過KV的方式,K就是map的key,對應mapper文件里的sql中的傳入參數的變量名。

對這三個方式,做一個簡單的概括,也是mybatis的官方說法:任何參數傳遞,最終都將轉化為map的形式,傳入到mybatis的解析系統。默認是用key作為sql中的參數名,除非指定@Param進行重命名!

 

第一種模式,通過位置序號,比較不建議,因為在mapper的sql中不能顧名思義。

從這三個模式,你是不是覺得比較簡單?mybatis里面也只是這么簡單的描述!但是沒有說這三個情況的組合情況!你有沒有想過呢?至少我在我的應用場景,就上面的訂單問題上,我有這個考慮!

 

下面請看我用的第2種模式:

dao的interface函數:
List<PurchaseElement> findPElementByCustomerInfoAndStatus(@Param("uid") Integer id, @Param("start") Integer start, 
            @Param("limit") Integer limit, @Param("list") List<String>stats);

這個其實比較簡單,對應的mapper的sql如下(注意,紅色部分名稱的對應關系):

<!-- 根據參數用戶ID,訂單狀態兩個參數,進行過濾 -->
  <select id="findPElementByCustomerInfoAndStatus" resultMap="purchaseElementResultMap">
      select
          up.id as up_id,
          ups.status_type as ups_status_type,
          uua.id as uua_id,
          uua.username as uua_username,
          uua.address as uua_address,
          uua.mobile as uua_mobile,
          uua.zipcode as uua_zipcode,
          mp.name as mp_name,
          mp.price as mp_price,
          (select count(tupp.product_id) from ucc_purchase_product tupp  
           where tupp.purchase_id = up.id and tupp.product_id = upp.product_id) as upp_quantity
      from 
          ucc_purchase as up
        left join ucc_purchase_product as upp on upp.purchase_id = up.id
        left join mcc_product as mp on mp.id = upp.product_id
        left join ucc_purchase_status as ups on ups.purchase_id = upp.purchase_id
        left join ucc_user_address as uua on uua.id = up.address_id
    where 
        ups.status_type is not null and  ups.status_type != ''
        and (uua.id is not null and uua.id != '')
        and (uua.username is not null and uua.username != '')
        and (uua.address is not null and uua.address != '')
        and (uua.mobile is not null and uua.mobile != '')
        and (mp.name is not null and mp.name != '')
        and (mp.price is not null and mp.price !='')
        and up.customer_id = #{uid, jdbcType=INTEGER}
        and (ups.status_type in 
              <foreach item="st" collection="list" index="idx" open="(" separator="," close=")">
                #{st, jdbcType=CHAR}
              </foreach>
            ) 
    order by up.timestamp desc 
    <if test="start != null and limit!=null">
        limit #{start}, #{limit}
    </if>    
  </select>

對應的controller里面的業務邏輯代碼如下:

    @GET
    @Path("/load/paid")    
    public String loadPaid(@Context HttpServletRequest req){
       
        SysUser su = infos.getCurrentUser();
        
        DataTablePager.generatePager(req, su);        

        Integer id = su.getId().intValue();
        Integer start = su.getStart();
        Integer limit = su.getLimit();
        List<PurchaseElement> list = pes.findPElementByCustomerInfoAndStatus(id, start, limit, pes.paidStatus());        
int count = pes.findAllPElementCountByStatus(id, pes.paidStatus());
        
        String sEcho = req.getParameter("sEcho");
        return DataTablePager.getPageJson(list, count, sEcho);
    }

 

至於第三種,構建map這個就不用說了,將要傳遞的參數都寫入一個map里面,用的時候通過map里面的key的名稱取變量就可以了。

這里,我要說的是復雜類型,傳遞的參數,含有javaBean以及集合類型兩個參數。當然,參數只有集合或者只有javaBean都比較簡單,只有一個javaBean參數,mybatis會轉化為map形式,但是對於既有javaBean,又有其他參數,例如我這里的List類型,會如何呢?

 

下面的經歷,可以看出mybatis的強大!先看dao的接口:

List<PurchaseElement> findPElementByCustomerBeanAndStatus(@Param("su") SysUser su, @Param("list") List<String>stats);

再看看mapper文件:

<!-- 根據參數用戶ID,訂單狀態兩個參數,進行過濾 -->
  <select id="findPElementByCustomerBeanAndStatus" resultMap="purchaseElementResultMap">
      select
          up.id as up_id,
          ups.status_type as ups_status_type,
          uua.id as uua_id,
          uua.username as uua_username,
          uua.address as uua_address,
          uua.mobile as uua_mobile,
          uua.zipcode as uua_zipcode,
          mp.name as mp_name,
          mp.price as mp_price,
          (select count(tupp.product_id) from ucc_purchase_product tupp  
           where tupp.purchase_id = up.id and tupp.product_id = upp.product_id) as upp_quantity
      from 
          ucc_purchase as up
        left join ucc_purchase_product as upp on upp.purchase_id = up.id
        left join mcc_product as mp on mp.id = upp.product_id
        left join ucc_purchase_status as ups on ups.purchase_id = upp.purchase_id
        left join ucc_user_address as uua on uua.id = up.address_id
    where 
        ups.status_type is not null and  ups.status_type != ''
        and (uua.id is not null and uua.id != '')
        and (uua.username is not null and uua.username != '')
        and (uua.address is not null and uua.address != '')
        and (uua.mobile is not null and uua.mobile != '')
        and (mp.name is not null and mp.name != '')
        and (mp.price is not null and mp.price !='')
        and up.customer_id = #{su.id, jdbcType=INTEGER}
        and (ups.status_type in 
              <foreach item="st" collection="list" index="idx" open="(" separator="," close=")">
                #{st, jdbcType=CHAR}
              </foreach>
            ) 
    order by up.timestamp desc 
    <if test="start != null and limit!=null">
        limit #{su.start}, #{su.limit}
    </if>    
  </select> 

 

controller里面的代碼如下:

    @GET
    @Path("/load/paid")    
    public String loadPaid(@Context HttpServletRequest req){
        
        SysUser su = infos.getCurrentUser();
        
        DataTablePager.generatePager(req, su);        

        Integer id = su.getId().intValue();
    
        List<PurchaseElement> list = pes.findPElementByCustomerBeanAndStatus(su, pes.paidStatus()); int count = pes.findAllPElementCountByStatus(id, pes.paidStatus());
        
        String sEcho = req.getParameter("sEcho");
        return DataTablePager.getPageJson(list, count, sEcho);
    }

可以看到,其中SysUser是一個用戶數據的定義,以及后端分頁信息的繼承。

 

運行后,居然報錯!!!!

五月 26, 2017 4:33:04 下午 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve invoke
嚴重: Servlet.service() for servlet [default] in context with path [/ecs] threw exception [org.mybatis.spring.MyBatisSystemException: nested exception is org.apache.ibatis.binding.BindingException: Parameter 'start' not found. Available parameters are [param1, param2, su, list]] with root cause
org.apache.ibatis.binding.BindingException: Parameter 'start' not found. Available parameters are [param1, param2, su, list]
    at org.apache.ibatis.binding.MapperMethod$ParamMap.get(MapperMethod.java:165)
    at org.apache.ibatis.scripting.xmltags.DynamicContext$ContextAccessor.getProperty(DynamicContext.java:123)
    at org.apache.ibatis.ognl.OgnlRuntime.getProperty(OgnlRuntime.java:1657)
    at org.apache.ibatis.ognl.ASTProperty.getValueBody(ASTProperty.java:92)

仔細查詢,涉及findPElementByCustomerBeanAndStatus函數調用邏輯的所有函數,以及mapper文件,最后,發現mapper文件中,的確有個start是獨立的。就是那個動態sql if中判斷分頁數據的地方有問題。應該加上命名空間。

 

對比上面運行出錯的mapper的內容,正確的應該是如下這個樣子的:

  <!-- 根據參數用戶ID,訂單狀態兩個參數,進行過濾 -->
  <select id="findPElementByCustomerBeanAndStatus" resultMap="purchaseElementResultMap">
      select
          up.id as up_id,
          ups.status_type as ups_status_type,
          uua.id as uua_id,
          uua.username as uua_username,
          uua.address as uua_address,
          uua.mobile as uua_mobile,
          uua.zipcode as uua_zipcode,
          mp.name as mp_name,
          mp.price as mp_price,
          (select count(tupp.product_id) from ucc_purchase_product tupp  
           where tupp.purchase_id = up.id and tupp.product_id = upp.product_id) as upp_quantity
      from 
          ucc_purchase as up
        left join ucc_purchase_product as upp on upp.purchase_id = up.id
        left join mcc_product as mp on mp.id = upp.product_id
        left join ucc_purchase_status as ups on ups.purchase_id = upp.purchase_id
        left join ucc_user_address as uua on uua.id = up.address_id
    where 
        ups.status_type is not null and  ups.status_type != ''
        and (uua.id is not null and uua.id != '')
        and (uua.username is not null and uua.username != '')
        and (uua.address is not null and uua.address != '')
        and (uua.mobile is not null and uua.mobile != '')
        and (mp.name is not null and mp.name != '')
        and (mp.price is not null and mp.price !='')
        and up.customer_id = #{su.id, jdbcType=INTEGER}
        and (ups.status_type in 
              <foreach item="st" collection="list" index="idx" open="(" separator="," close=")">
                #{st, jdbcType=CHAR}
              </foreach>
            ) 
    order by up.timestamp desc 
    <if test="su.start != null and su.limit!=null">
        limit #{su.start}, #{su.limit}
    </if>    
  </select> 

 

到此,有必要補充一下,上述resultMap的內容:

<mapper namespace="com.tg.ecs.ucc.dao.PurchaseElementMapper" >
  <resultMap id="purchaseElementResultMap" type="com.tg.ecs.ucc.model.PurchaseElement" > 
      <id column="up_id" property="purchaseId" jdbcType="INTEGER"/>
    <result column="ups_status_type" property="statusType" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/>
    <!-- 特別注意:association以及collection這樣子的標簽,必須放在resultMap的最后面,且association在collection的前面 -->
    <association property="receivedBy" column="up_id" javaType="com.tg.ecs.ucc.model.ConsigneeElement">
         <id column="uua_id" property="aid" />    
        <result column="uua_username" property="name" />
        <result column="uua_address" property="address" />
        <result column="uua_mobile" property="mobile" />
        <result column="uua_zipcode" property="zipcode"/>        
    </association>    
    <!--一個訂單號對應多個產品 -->
    <collection property="products" column="up_id" ofType="com.tg.ecs.ucc.model.PurchaseProduct">        
        <result column="mp_name" property="productName"/>
        <result column="mp_price" property="productPrice"/>
        <result column="upp_quantity" property="quantity"/>
    </collection>
  </resultMap> 

注意,其中的紅色部分,若不按照其規則配置,將會出現下面的錯誤:

The content of element type "resultMap" must match "(constructor?,id*,result*,association*,collection*,discriminator?)".

 

 

總結一下:

基於mybatis的參數傳遞功能,mybatis是支持任何參數的傳遞的,不僅是基礎類型(String,Integer等)的參數傳遞,也支持javaBean類型的傳遞,同時,也支持各種類型的組合傳遞。只是使用的過程中,dao接口函數中參數基於@Param注解進行重命名,方便和mapper中sql語句的變量映射。最重要的一點,要注意:若參數中是javaBean的話,且有多個入口參數,就要注意變量的命名空間問題,我上面遇到的錯誤,找不到start變量(其實,start是SysUser里面的一個成員變量名),就是這個原因造成的!

 

另外,插曲一段:

在做訂單狀態傳遞進入sql的過程中,in 后面的foreach的使用,遇到了一點問題。故事是這樣的,開始我的sql是這樣的:

<foreach item="st", collection="list", index="idx", open="(", separator=",", close=")">
        #{st, jdbcType=CHAR}
    </foreach>

這個時候,我的mapper文件中,總是報錯:

Element type "foreach" must be followed by either attribute specifications, ">" or "/>".

 

仔細核對mybatis的技術手冊,才發現,粗心大意造成了這個錯誤,因為屬性字段之間不應該有逗號!是用“空格”,切記!

正確的寫法應該是這樣的:

<foreach item="st" collection="list" index="idx" open="(" separator="," close=")">
    #{st, jdbcType=CHAR}
</foreach>

 

好了,今天,這個博文,就寫到這里吧! 下一篇,將總結一下foreach中的collection以及index的使用,因為我看到好多人在糾結這兩個字段的用法!

 


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