用matplotlib繪制帶誤差的條形圖及中英文字體設置

#!/usr/bin/env python3

## 以下是一個帶誤差條的條形圖的例子，演示了誤差條形圖的繪制及中英文字體設置
import numpy as np
import matplotlib as mpl
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.font_manager import FontProperties as FP

# %matplotlib inline
# %config InlineBackend.figure_format = 'svg'

mpl.rcParams['text.usetex'] = False
mpl.rcParams['figure.figsize'] = (7.40, 5.55) # unit: inch
mpl.rcParams['figure.frameon'] = False

## 中文設置
# matplotlib默認不支持ttc，所以可以將ttc轉換ttf先。
# 將Windows字體 simsun.ttc上傳到 https://transfonter.org/ttc-unpack 在線轉換成TTF，
# 得到simsun.ttf和nsimsun.ttf，將兩個ttf文件放到PYTHON安裝目錄的
# Lib\site-packages\matplotlib\mpl-data\fonts\ttf 子目錄下。
# 刪除字體緩存以便重新生成字體緩存：$HOME/.matplotlib/fontList.py3k.cache


# 全局中文設置
mpl.rcParams['font.family'] = 'sans-serif'
mpl.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = 'NSimSun,Times New Roman'

# 局部中文：設置分別為中文和英文設置兩個FontProperties，以便局部切換中英文字體
cfp = FP('NSimSun', size=12)
efp = FP('Times New Roman', size=12)

fig,ax = plt.subplots()

xticklabels = ('G1', 'G2', 'G3')
ylabel = 'd'

male_means = (9, 10, 9)
male_std = (4.66, 3.52, 5.32)
female_means = (12, 14, 12)
female_std = (6.96, 5.46, 3.61)
title = 'XX實驗結果'

N=3 
ind = np.arange(N)  # the x locations for the groups
width = 0.35  # the width of the bars
with plt.style.context(('ggplot')):
    rects1 = ax.bar(
        ind - 0.02, female_means, width, color='darkgrey', yerr=female_std)
    rects2 = ax.bar(
        ind + 0.02 + width,
        male_means,
        width,
        color='lightgrey',
        yerr=male_std)

    ax.set_ylabel('d', fontproperties=efp, rotation=0)
    # 在label、title中可用參數'fontproperties' 指定字體

    ax.yaxis.set_label_coords(-0.05, 0.95)
    ax.set_title(title)
    ax.set_xticks(ind + width / 2)

    ax.set_xticklabels(xticklabels, fontproperties=efp)

    ax.legend((rects1[0], rects2[0]), ('處理A', '處理B'), prop=cfp, framealpha=0)
    # 在legend中可用參數'prop'指定字體,注意不是'fontproperties'

    def autolabel(rects, yerr):
        """
        Attach a text label above each bar displaying its height
        """
        for i in range(0, N):
            rect = rects[i]
            height = rect.get_height()
            ax.text(
                rect.get_x() + rect.get_width() / 2.,
                1.05 * height,
                '%0.2f' % yerr[i],
                ha='left',
                va='bottom',
                family='Georgia',
                fontsize=9)
            #在text函數中可用family和fontsize指定字體

    autolabel(rects1, female_means)
    autolabel(rects2, male_means)

ax.text(
    1,
   20,
    'Hello World',
    color = 'b',
    ha='left',
    va='bottom',
    fontproperties=efp)
# 在text函數中也可用fontproperties指定字體

fig.tight_layout()
fig.savefig('filename.svg', format='svg')
# 保存為矢量圖svg格式，如需插入word，可以用inkscape軟件將其轉換成emf格式