進程模型
Nginx分為Single和Master兩種進程模型。Single模型即為單進程方式工作,具有較差的容錯能力,不適合生產之用。Master模型即為一個master進程+N個worker進程的工作方式。
生產環境都是用master-worker模型來工作。
master進程
我們知道在main函數中完畢了Nginx啟動初始化過程,啟動初始化過程中的一個重要環節就是解析配置文件。回調各個配置指令的回調函數。因此完畢了各個模塊的配置及相互關聯。在全部的這些重要及不重要的初始化完畢后。main函數就開始為我們打開進程的“大門”——調用ngx_master_process_cycle(cycle); 在剖析ngx_master_process_cycle(cycle)之前,我們先來看看該函數中用到的7個標志位,如以下的表所看到的:
進程中接收到的信號對Nginx框架的意義:
信號 |
相應進程中的全局標志位變量 |
意義 |
QUIT |
ngx_quit |
優雅地關閉整個服務 |
TERM或INT |
ngx_terminate |
強制關閉整個服務 |
USR1 |
ngx_reopen |
又一次打開服務中的全部文件 |
WINCH |
ngx_noaccept |
全部子進程不再接受處理新的連接,實際相當於對全部子進程發送QUIT信號 |
USR2 |
ngx_change_binary |
平滑升級到新版本號的Nginx程序 |
HUP |
ng_reconfigure |
重讀配置文件並使服務對新配置項生效 |
CHLD |
ngx_reap |
有子進程意外結束。這時須要監控全部子進程,也就是ngx_reap_children方法所做的工作 |
另一個標志位會用到:ngx_restart。它不過在master工作流程中作為標志位使用。與信號無關。master進程就是依據這8個標志來決定工作流程的,流程圖例如以下:
下面是對ngx_master_process_cycle()函數源代碼的剖析,可參照流程圖理解:
void ngx_master_process_cycle(ngx_cycle_t *cycle) { char *title; u_char *p; size_t size; ngx_int_t i; ngx_uint_t n, sigio; sigset_t set; struct itimerval itv; ngx_uint_t live; ngx_msec_t delay; ngx_listening_t *ls; ngx_core_conf_t *ccf; /*屏蔽一些列信號*/ sigemptyset(&set); sigaddset(&set, SIGCHLD); sigaddset(&set, SIGALRM); sigaddset(&set, SIGIO); sigaddset(&set, SIGINT); sigaddset(&set, ngx_signal_value(NGX_RECONFIGURE_SIGNAL)); sigaddset(&set, ngx_signal_value(NGX_REOPEN_SIGNAL)); sigaddset(&set, ngx_signal_value(NGX_NOACCEPT_SIGNAL)); sigaddset(&set, ngx_signal_value(NGX_TERMINATE_SIGNAL)); sigaddset(&set, ngx_signal_value(NGX_SHUTDOWN_SIGNAL)); sigaddset(&set, ngx_signal_value(NGX_CHANGEBIN_SIGNAL)); if (sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &set, NULL) == -1) { ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_errno, "sigprocmask() failed"); } sigemptyset(&set); size = sizeof(master_process); for (i = 0; i < ngx_argc; i++) { size += ngx_strlen(ngx_argv[i]) + 1; } title = ngx_pnalloc(cycle->pool, size); p = ngx_cpymem(title, master_process, sizeof(master_process) - 1); for (i = 0; i < ngx_argc; i++) { *p++ = ' '; p = ngx_cpystrn(p, (u_char *) ngx_argv[i], size); } ngx_setproctitle(title); ccf = (ngx_core_conf_t *) ngx_get_conf(cycle->conf_ctx, ngx_core_module); /*創建子進程,接受請求,完畢響應*/ ngx_start_worker_processes(cycle, ccf->worker_processes, NGX_PROCESS_RESPAWN); /*創建有關cache的子進程*/ ngx_start_cache_manager_processes(cycle, 0); ngx_new_binary = 0; delay = 0; sigio = 0; live = 1; for ( ;; ) { if (delay) { if (ngx_sigalrm) { sigio = 0; delay *= 2; ngx_sigalrm = 0; } ngx_log_debug1(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, cycle->log, 0, "termination cycle: %d", delay); itv.it_interval.tv_sec = 0; itv.it_interval.tv_usec = 0; itv.it_value.tv_sec = delay / 1000; itv.it_value.tv_usec = (delay % 1000 ) * 1000; //設置定時器 if (setitimer(ITIMER_REAL, &itv, NULL) == -1) { ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_errno, "setitimer() failed"); } } ngx_log_debug0(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, cycle->log, 0, "sigsuspend"); /*master進程掛起,等待信號的產生*/ sigsuspend(&set); ngx_time_update(); ngx_log_debug1(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, cycle->log, 0, "wake up, sigio %i", sigio); /*ngx_reap若為1。則表示要監控全部子進程*/ if (ngx_reap) { ngx_reap = 0; ngx_log_debug0(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, cycle->log, 0, "reap children"); /*ngx_reap_children(會遍歷ngx_process數組。檢查每一個子進程的狀態,對於非正常退出的子進程會又一次拉起, 最后。返回一個live標志位,假設全部的子進程都已經正常退出,則live為0。初次之外live為1。*/ live = ngx_reap_children(cycle); } /*當live標志為0,而且ngx_terminate或ngx_quit中的一個標志位1時,都將調用ngx_master_process_exit方法退出master進程*/ if (!live && (ngx_terminate || ngx_quit)) { ngx_master_process_exit(cycle); } /*ngx_terminate標志為1,則向全部子進程發送信號TERM。通知子進程強制退出進程*/ if (ngx_terminate) { if (delay == 0) { delay = 50; } if (sigio) { sigio--; continue; } sigio = ccf->worker_processes + 2 /* cache processes */; //強制退出進程 if (delay > 1000) { ngx_signal_worker_processes(cycle, SIGKILL); } else { ngx_signal_worker_processes(cycle, ngx_signal_value(NGX_TERMINATE_SIGNAL)); } continue; } //優雅地退出服務。向全部子進程發送QUIT信號,通知它們退出進程 if (ngx_quit) { ngx_signal_worker_processes(cycle, ngx_signal_value(NGX_SHUTDOWN_SIGNAL)); ls = cycle->listening.elts; for (n = 0; n < cycle->listening.nelts; n++) { if (ngx_close_socket(ls[n].fd) == -1) { ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_EMERG, cycle->log, ngx_socket_errno, ngx_close_socket_n " %V failed", &ls[n].addr_text); } } cycle->listening.nelts = 0; continue; } /* 又一次讀取配置文件。Nginx不會讓原先的worker等子進程在從新讀取配置文件。 它的策略是又一次初始化ngx_cycle_t結構體,用它來讀取新的配置文件。再拉起 新的worker進程,銷毀就的worker進程。*/ if (ngx_reconfigure) { ngx_reconfigure = 0; if (ngx_new_binary) { ngx_start_worker_processes(cycle, ccf->worker_processes, NGX_PROCESS_RESPAWN); ngx_start_cache_manager_processes(cycle, 0); ngx_noaccepting = 0; continue; } ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_NOTICE, cycle->log, 0, "reconfiguring"); /*調用ngx_init_cycle方法又一次初始化ngx_cycle_t結構體*/ cycle = ngx_init_cycle(cycle); if (cycle == NULL) { cycle = (ngx_cycle_t *) ngx_cycle; continue; } ngx_cycle = cycle; //又一次讀取配置文件 ccf = (ngx_core_conf_t *) ngx_get_conf(cycle->conf_ctx, ngx_core_module); //啟動worker子進程 ngx_start_worker_processes(cycle, ccf->worker_processes, NGX_PROCESS_JUST_RESPAWN); //啟動cache_manage子進程 ngx_start_cache_manager_processes(cycle, 1); /* allow new processes to start */ ngx_msleep(100); live = 1; //向原先的全部子進程發送QUIT信號 ngx_signal_worker_processes(cycle, ngx_signal_value(NGX_SHUTDOWN_SIGNAL)); } /* 調用ngx_start_worker_processes拉起worker進程。調用ngx_start_cache_manager_processes 依據緩存模塊的請款選擇是否啟動cache manage進程或者cache loader進程, 同一時候將live置為1。ngx_restart置為0 */ if (ngx_restart) { ngx_restart = 0; ngx_start_worker_processes(cycle, ccf->worker_processes, NGX_PROCESS_RESPAWN); ngx_start_cache_manager_processes(cycle, 0); live = 1; } /*又一次打開全部文件*/ if (ngx_reopen) { /*將ngx_reopen置為0*/ ngx_reopen = 0; ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_NOTICE, cycle->log, 0, "reopening logs"); /*調用ngx_reopen_files方法又一次打開全部文件*/ ngx_reopen_files(cycle, ccf->user); /*向全部子進程發送USR1信號,要求子進程都又一次打開全部文件*/ ngx_signal_worker_processes(cycle, ngx_signal_value(NGX_REOPEN_SIGNAL)); } /*表示須要平滑升級Nginx*/ if (ngx_change_binary) { /*將ngx_change_binary標志置為0*/ ngx_change_binary = 0; ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_NOTICE, cycle->log, 0, "changing binary"); /*調用ngx_exec_new_binary方法用新的子進程啟動新版本號的Nginx程序*/ ngx_new_binary = ngx_exec_new_binary(cycle, ngx_argv); } /*向全部子進程發送QUIT信號,要求他們優雅關閉服務*/ if (ngx_noaccept) { /*將ngx_noaccept置為0*/ ngx_noaccept = 0; /*將ngx_noaccepting置為1,表示正在停止接受新的連接*/ ngx_noaccepting = 1; /*向全部子進程發送QUIT信號*/ ngx_signal_worker_processes(cycle, ngx_signal_value(NGX_SHUTDOWN_SIGNAL)); } } }
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