進程模型
Nginx分為Single和Master兩種進程模型。Single模型即為單進程方式工作,具有較差的容錯能力,不適合生產之用。Master模型即為一個master進程+N個worker進程的工作方式。
生產環境都是用master-worker模型來工作。
master進程
我們知道在main函數中完畢了Nginx啟動初始化過程,啟動初始化過程中的一個重要環節就是解析配置文件。回調各個配置指令的回調函數。因此完畢了各個模塊的配置及相互關聯。在全部的這些重要及不重要的初始化完畢后。main函數就開始為我們打開進程的“大門”——調用ngx_master_process_cycle(cycle); 在剖析ngx_master_process_cycle(cycle)之前,我們先來看看該函數中用到的7個標志位,如以下的表所看到的:
進程中接收到的信號對Nginx框架的意義:
| 信號 |
相應進程中的全局標志位變量 |
意義 |
| QUIT |
ngx_quit |
優雅地關閉整個服務 |
| TERM或INT |
ngx_terminate |
強制關閉整個服務 |
| USR1 |
ngx_reopen |
又一次打開服務中的全部文件 |
| WINCH |
ngx_noaccept |
全部子進程不再接受處理新的連接,實際相當於對全部子進程發送QUIT信號 |
| USR2 |
ngx_change_binary |
平滑升級到新版本號的Nginx程序 |
| HUP |
ng_reconfigure |
重讀配置文件並使服務對新配置項生效 |
| CHLD |
ngx_reap |
有子進程意外結束。這時須要監控全部子進程,也就是ngx_reap_children方法所做的工作 |
另一個標志位會用到:ngx_restart。它不過在master工作流程中作為標志位使用。與信號無關。master進程就是依據這8個標志來決定工作流程的,流程圖例如以下:

下面是對ngx_master_process_cycle()函數源代碼的剖析,可參照流程圖理解:
void
ngx_master_process_cycle(ngx_cycle_t *cycle)
{
char *title;
u_char *p;
size_t size;
ngx_int_t i;
ngx_uint_t n, sigio;
sigset_t set;
struct itimerval itv;
ngx_uint_t live;
ngx_msec_t delay;
ngx_listening_t *ls;
ngx_core_conf_t *ccf;
/*屏蔽一些列信號*/
sigemptyset(&set);
sigaddset(&set, SIGCHLD);
sigaddset(&set, SIGALRM);
sigaddset(&set, SIGIO);
sigaddset(&set, SIGINT);
sigaddset(&set, ngx_signal_value(NGX_RECONFIGURE_SIGNAL));
sigaddset(&set, ngx_signal_value(NGX_REOPEN_SIGNAL));
sigaddset(&set, ngx_signal_value(NGX_NOACCEPT_SIGNAL));
sigaddset(&set, ngx_signal_value(NGX_TERMINATE_SIGNAL));
sigaddset(&set, ngx_signal_value(NGX_SHUTDOWN_SIGNAL));
sigaddset(&set, ngx_signal_value(NGX_CHANGEBIN_SIGNAL));
if (sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &set, NULL) == -1) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_errno,
"sigprocmask() failed");
}
sigemptyset(&set);
size = sizeof(master_process);
for (i = 0; i < ngx_argc; i++) {
size += ngx_strlen(ngx_argv[i]) + 1;
}
title = ngx_pnalloc(cycle->pool, size);
p = ngx_cpymem(title, master_process, sizeof(master_process) - 1);
for (i = 0; i < ngx_argc; i++) {
*p++ = ' ';
p = ngx_cpystrn(p, (u_char *) ngx_argv[i], size);
}
ngx_setproctitle(title);
ccf = (ngx_core_conf_t *) ngx_get_conf(cycle->conf_ctx, ngx_core_module);
/*創建子進程,接受請求,完畢響應*/
ngx_start_worker_processes(cycle, ccf->worker_processes,
NGX_PROCESS_RESPAWN);
/*創建有關cache的子進程*/
ngx_start_cache_manager_processes(cycle, 0);
ngx_new_binary = 0;
delay = 0;
sigio = 0;
live = 1;
for ( ;; ) {
if (delay) {
if (ngx_sigalrm) {
sigio = 0;
delay *= 2;
ngx_sigalrm = 0;
}
ngx_log_debug1(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, cycle->log, 0,
"termination cycle: %d", delay);
itv.it_interval.tv_sec = 0;
itv.it_interval.tv_usec = 0;
itv.it_value.tv_sec = delay / 1000;
itv.it_value.tv_usec = (delay % 1000 ) * 1000;
//設置定時器
if (setitimer(ITIMER_REAL, &itv, NULL) == -1) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_errno,
"setitimer() failed");
}
}
ngx_log_debug0(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, cycle->log, 0, "sigsuspend");
/*master進程掛起,等待信號的產生*/
sigsuspend(&set);
ngx_time_update();
ngx_log_debug1(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, cycle->log, 0,
"wake up, sigio %i", sigio);
/*ngx_reap若為1。則表示要監控全部子進程*/
if (ngx_reap) {
ngx_reap = 0;
ngx_log_debug0(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, cycle->log, 0, "reap children");
/*ngx_reap_children(會遍歷ngx_process數組。檢查每一個子進程的狀態,對於非正常退出的子進程會又一次拉起,
最后。返回一個live標志位,假設全部的子進程都已經正常退出,則live為0。初次之外live為1。*/
live = ngx_reap_children(cycle);
}
/*當live標志為0,而且ngx_terminate或ngx_quit中的一個標志位1時,都將調用ngx_master_process_exit方法退出master進程*/
if (!live && (ngx_terminate || ngx_quit)) {
ngx_master_process_exit(cycle);
}
/*ngx_terminate標志為1,則向全部子進程發送信號TERM。通知子進程強制退出進程*/
if (ngx_terminate) {
if (delay == 0) {
delay = 50;
}
if (sigio) {
sigio--;
continue;
}
sigio = ccf->worker_processes + 2 /* cache processes */;
//強制退出進程
if (delay > 1000) {
ngx_signal_worker_processes(cycle, SIGKILL);
} else {
ngx_signal_worker_processes(cycle,
ngx_signal_value(NGX_TERMINATE_SIGNAL));
}
continue;
}
//優雅地退出服務。向全部子進程發送QUIT信號,通知它們退出進程
if (ngx_quit) {
ngx_signal_worker_processes(cycle,
ngx_signal_value(NGX_SHUTDOWN_SIGNAL));
ls = cycle->listening.elts;
for (n = 0; n < cycle->listening.nelts; n++) {
if (ngx_close_socket(ls[n].fd) == -1) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_EMERG, cycle->log, ngx_socket_errno,
ngx_close_socket_n " %V failed",
&ls[n].addr_text);
}
}
cycle->listening.nelts = 0;
continue;
}
/*
又一次讀取配置文件。Nginx不會讓原先的worker等子進程在從新讀取配置文件。
它的策略是又一次初始化ngx_cycle_t結構體,用它來讀取新的配置文件。再拉起
新的worker進程,銷毀就的worker進程。
*/
if (ngx_reconfigure) {
ngx_reconfigure = 0;
if (ngx_new_binary) {
ngx_start_worker_processes(cycle, ccf->worker_processes,
NGX_PROCESS_RESPAWN);
ngx_start_cache_manager_processes(cycle, 0);
ngx_noaccepting = 0;
continue;
}
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_NOTICE, cycle->log, 0, "reconfiguring");
/*調用ngx_init_cycle方法又一次初始化ngx_cycle_t結構體*/
cycle = ngx_init_cycle(cycle);
if (cycle == NULL) {
cycle = (ngx_cycle_t *) ngx_cycle;
continue;
}
ngx_cycle = cycle;
//又一次讀取配置文件
ccf = (ngx_core_conf_t *) ngx_get_conf(cycle->conf_ctx,
ngx_core_module);
//啟動worker子進程
ngx_start_worker_processes(cycle, ccf->worker_processes,
NGX_PROCESS_JUST_RESPAWN);
//啟動cache_manage子進程
ngx_start_cache_manager_processes(cycle, 1);
/* allow new processes to start */
ngx_msleep(100);
live = 1;
//向原先的全部子進程發送QUIT信號
ngx_signal_worker_processes(cycle,
ngx_signal_value(NGX_SHUTDOWN_SIGNAL));
}
/*
調用ngx_start_worker_processes拉起worker進程。調用ngx_start_cache_manager_processes
依據緩存模塊的請款選擇是否啟動cache manage進程或者cache loader進程,
同一時候將live置為1。ngx_restart置為0
*/
if (ngx_restart) {
ngx_restart = 0;
ngx_start_worker_processes(cycle, ccf->worker_processes,
NGX_PROCESS_RESPAWN);
ngx_start_cache_manager_processes(cycle, 0);
live = 1;
}
/*又一次打開全部文件*/
if (ngx_reopen) {
/*將ngx_reopen置為0*/
ngx_reopen = 0;
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_NOTICE, cycle->log, 0, "reopening logs");
/*調用ngx_reopen_files方法又一次打開全部文件*/
ngx_reopen_files(cycle, ccf->user);
/*向全部子進程發送USR1信號,要求子進程都又一次打開全部文件*/
ngx_signal_worker_processes(cycle,
ngx_signal_value(NGX_REOPEN_SIGNAL));
}
/*表示須要平滑升級Nginx*/
if (ngx_change_binary) {
/*將ngx_change_binary標志置為0*/
ngx_change_binary = 0;
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_NOTICE, cycle->log, 0, "changing binary");
/*調用ngx_exec_new_binary方法用新的子進程啟動新版本號的Nginx程序*/
ngx_new_binary = ngx_exec_new_binary(cycle, ngx_argv);
}
/*向全部子進程發送QUIT信號,要求他們優雅關閉服務*/
if (ngx_noaccept) {
/*將ngx_noaccept置為0*/
ngx_noaccept = 0;
/*將ngx_noaccepting置為1,表示正在停止接受新的連接*/
ngx_noaccepting = 1;
/*向全部子進程發送QUIT信號*/
ngx_signal_worker_processes(cycle,
ngx_signal_value(NGX_SHUTDOWN_SIGNAL));
}
}
}
轉載注明出處,謝謝~~
