Python3-Django-1.開發環境搭建

官網

　　https://www.djangoproject.com/

安裝

　　http://www.runoob.com/django/django-install.html

創建項目

　　方式一(命令行): django-admin statrproject ProjectName

　　方式二(PyCharm): File -> New Project -> Django -> 選擇項目路徑 -> Create

創建APP

　　python manage.py startapp app01

Django URL

　　靜態路由:

from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from app01 import views      # 1.導入views模塊

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^hello-world/$', views.hello_world),   # 2.配置靜態路由,指向views中定義的函數
]

　　動態路由:

from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from app01 import views      # 1.導入views模塊

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^hello-to/(\w+)$', views.hello_to),    # 2.配置動態路由,指向views中的函數
]

# 頁面訪問: http://localhost:8888/hello-to/jack
# 頁面響應: Hello,jack !
# 頁面訪問: http://localhost:8888/hello-to/jet
# 頁面響應: Hello,jet !

     命名參數:

from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from app01 import views      # 1.導入views模塊


urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^hello-girl/(?P<girl_name>\w+)$', views.hello_girl),    # 2.hello_girl函數的參數名字,必須是自定義的girl_name
]

# views.py 中的函數
def hello_girl(request, girl_name):
    """
    第一個參數必須是request
    第二個參數是傳遞的girl_name
    :param request:
    :param girl_name:
    :return:
    """
    return HttpResponse("Hey,Hey,Hey,%s !" % girl_name)

     額外參數:

from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from app01 import views      # 1.導入views模塊

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^hello-extra/(\w+)$', views.hello_extra, {"extra_arg1": "bra1", "extra_arg2": "bra2"}),    # 2.
]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# views.py中的函數,額外的參數名稱必須保持一致,且要放在最后
def hello_extra(request, arg, extra_arg1, extra_arg2):
    return HttpResponse("Wow,%s %s %s!" % (arg, extra_arg1, extra_arg2))

　　

　　二級路由:

from django.conf.urls import url, include    # 1.導入include
from django.contrib import admin

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^app01/', include("app01.urls")),    # 2.指向其他的urls文件
]

Django Views

　　1.返回一個字符串

from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse

def return_str(request):
    return HttpResponse("Hello!")

　　2.返回一個html文檔

from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse

def return_html(request):
    return render(request, "index.html")

Django Models

　　1.配置數據庫 settings.py

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'NAME': 'muscle',
        'HOST': '172.16.110.211',
        'PORT': '3306',
        'USER': 'root',
        'PASSWORD': '******',
    }
}


# ------------------------------------------------------------------------#
# 注意,Python3 django使用pymysql連接需要在__init__.py中添加:

import pymysql

pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()

　　2.編寫ORM實體類 models.py

from django.db import models
 
class Publisher(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=30)
    address = models.CharField(max_length=50)
    city = models.CharField(max_length=60)
    state_province = models.CharField(max_length=30)
    country = models.CharField(max_length=50)
    website = models.URLField()
 
class Author(models.Model):
    first_name = models.CharField(max_length=30)
    last_name = models.CharField(max_length=40)
    email = models.EmailField()
 
class Book(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    authors = models.ManyToManyField(Author)
    publisher = models.ForeignKey(Publisher)
    publication_date = models.DateField()

　　3.安裝模型 settings.py

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'app01',                # 加入app的名稱
]

　　4.按照模型配置,生成表結構

　　　　python manage.py makemigrations　　# 生成模型的配置文件

　　　　python manage.py migrate　　　　　　# 根據配置文件創建表結構

基本的增刪改查

from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse
from app01 import models


def insert_data(request):
    pub = models.Publisher.objects.create(name="北大出版社", address="北京市海淀區", city="海淀區", state_province="北京", country="中國", website="www.peking.com")
    return HttpResponse("添加成功")


def delete_data(request, pub_id):
    models.Publisher.objects.filter(id=pub_id).delete()
    return HttpResponse("刪除成功")


def update_data(request):
    models.Publisher.objects.filter(name='北大出版社').update(name="北京大學出版社")
    return HttpResponse("修改成功")


def select_data(request):
    query_set = models.Publisher.objects.all()
    # models.Publisher.objects.filter(name="北大出版社")
    # models.Publisher.objects.filter(name="北大出版社").first()
    # models.Publisher.objects.filter(name__contains="出")
    # models.Publisher.objects.filter(id__range=[1, 100])
    result_str = ""
    for line in query_set:
        result_str += line.name
        result_str += "<br/>"
    return HttpResponse(result_str)

啟動服務

　　python manage.py runserver localhost:8888