python接口自動化2-發送post請求

前言

發送post的請求參考例子很簡單，實際遇到的情況卻是很復雜的，首先第一個post請求肯定是登錄了，但登錄是最難處理的。登錄問題解決了，后面都簡單了。

 

一、查看官方文檔

1.學習一個新的模塊，其實不用去百度什么的，直接用help函數就能查看相關注釋和案例內容。

>>import requests

>>help(requests)

2.查看python發送get和post請求的案例

 >>> import requests
       >>> r = requests.get('https://www.python.org')
       >>> r.status_code
       200
       >>> 'Python is a programming language' in r.content
       True
    
    ... or POST:
    
       >>> payload = dict(key1='value1', key2='value2')
       >>> r = requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post', data=payload)
       >>> print(r.text)
       {
         ...
         "form": {
           "key2": "value2",
           "key1": "value1"
         },
         ...
       }

 

二、發送post請求

1.用上面給的案例，做個簡單修改，發個post請求

2.payload參數是字典類型，傳到如下圖的form里

 

三、json

1.post的body是json類型，也可以用json參數傳入。

2.先導入json模塊，用dumps方法轉化成json格式。

3.返回結果，傳到data里

 

四、headers

1.以禪道登錄為例，模擬登陸，這里需添加請求頭headers,可以用fiddler抓包

2.講請求頭寫成字典格式

headers = {"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; rv:44.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/44.0",
            "Accept": "application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01",
            "Accept-Language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.5,en;q=0.3",
            "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate, br",
            "Content-Type": "application/json; charset=utf-8",
            "X-Requested-With": "XMLHttpRequest",
            "Cookie": "xxx.............",    # 此處cookie省略了
            "Connection": "keep-alive"
            }

 

五、禪道登錄參考代碼

# coding:utf-8
# coding:utf-8
import requests
# 禪道host地址
host = "http://127.0.0.1"

def login(s,username,psw):
    url = host+"/zentao/user-login.html"

    h = {
        "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; rv:44.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/44.0",
        "Accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8",
        "Accept-Language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.5,en;q=0.3",
        "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",
        "Referer": host+"/zentao/user-login.html",
        # "Cookie":  # 頭部沒登錄前不用傳cookie，因為這里cookie就是保持登錄的
        "Connection": "keep-alive",
        "Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
        }

    body1 = {"account": username,
             "password": psw,
             "keepLogin[]": "on",
             "referer":  host+"/zentao/my/"
            }

    # s = requests.session()   不要寫死session

    r1 = s.post(url, data=body1, headers=h)
    # return r1.content  # python2的return這個
    return r1.content.decode("utf-8")  # python3

def is_login_sucess(res):
        if "登錄失敗，請檢查您的用戶名或密碼是否填寫正確。" in res:
                return False
        elif "parent.location=" in res:
                return True
        else:
                return False

if __name__ == "__main__":
    s = requests.session()
    a = login(s, "admin", "e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f883e")
    result = is_login_sucess(a)
    print("測試結果：%s"%result)

 

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