Django的url使用方法

利用Django開發站點。能夠設計出很優美的url規則，假設url的匹配規則（包括正則表達式）組織得比較好，view的結構就會比較清晰。比較easy維護。

最簡單的形式

from django.conf.urls import patterns, url
urlpatterns = patterns('',
    url(r'^articles/2003/$', 'news.views.special_case_2003'),
    url(r'^articles/(\d{4})/$', 'news.views.year_archive'),
    url(r'^articles/(\d{4})/(\d{2})/$', 'news.views.month_archive'),
    url(r'^articles/(\d{4})/(\d{2})/(\d+)/$', 'news.views.article_detail'),
)

當中，正則表達式中組匹配出來的結果能夠作為positional parameters傳遞給view.

假設url是www.yourdomain/ articles/2005/，則會匹配第二條規則，運行news.views.year_archive('2005').

注意點

• 域名部分會被過濾掉
• articles的前面不須要加入/，由於前序url的末尾一定會有/
• 不論什么組匹配的變量，都會議字符串的形式傳遞給view, 盡管通過(\d{4})匹配出了2005，但2005任然會被當做字符串傳遞給year_archive

利用named group來傳遞參數

能夠通過下面形式為特定的組指定一個名稱.

urlpatterns = patterns('',
    url(r'^articles/2003/$', 'news.views.special_case_2003'),
    url(r'^articles/(?
P<year>\d{4})/$', 'news.views.year_archive'),
    url(r'^articles/(?P<year>\d{4})/(?P<month>\d{2})/$', 'news.views.month_archive'),
    url(r'^articles/(?
P<year>\d{4})/(?
P<month>\d{2})/(?P<day>\d{2})/$', 'news.views.article_detail'),
)

這種話，組的匹配結果會通過keyword parameters的形式傳遞給view.比如 year_archive(year='2005')




利用named group能夠為view指定一個默認參數來匹配多條規則。

# URLconf
from django.conf.urls import patterns, url

urlpatterns = patterns('',
    url(r'^blog/$', 'blog.views.page'),
    url(r'^blog/page(?P<num>\d+)/$', 'blog.views.page'),
)

# View (in blog/views.py)
def page(request, num="1"):
    # Output the appropriate page of blog entries, according to num.

指定view前綴(提取公因式)

patterns函數的第一個參數即是view的前綴

from django.conf.urls import patterns, url

urlpatterns = patterns('news.views',
    url(r'^articles/(\d{4})/$', 'year_archive'),
    url(r'^articles/(\d{4})/(\d{2})/$', 'month_archive'),
    url(r'^articles/(\d{4})/(\d{2})/(\d+)/$', 'article_detail'),
)

指定多個view前綴

urlpatterns = patterns('myapp.views',
    url(r'^$', 'app_index'),
    url(r'^(?
P<year>\d{4})/(?
P<month>[a-z]{3})/$','month_display'),
)
urlpatterns += patterns('weblog.views',
    url(r'^tag/(?P<tag>\w+)/$', 'tag'),
)

include其他匹配模塊

from django.conf.urls import include, patterns, url

urlpatterns = patterns('',
    # ... snip ...
    url(r'^comments/', include('django.contrib.comments.urls')),
    url(r'^community/', include('django_website.aggregator.urls')),
    url(r'^contact/', include('django_website.contact.urls')),
    # ... snip ...
)

當然也能夠直接include其他patterns

from django.conf.urls import include, patterns, url

extra_patterns = patterns('',
    url(r'^reports/(?P<id>\d+)/$', 'credit.views.report'),
    url(r'^charge/$', 'credit.views.charge'),
)

urlpatterns = patterns('',
    url(r'^$', 'apps.main.views.homepage'),
    url(r'^help/', include('apps.help.urls')),
    url(r'^credit/', include(extra_patterns)),
)

為view函數傳遞額外參數

from django.conf.urls import patterns, url

urlpatterns = patterns('blog.views',
    url(r'^blog/(?P<year>\d{4})/$', 'year_archive', {'foo': 'bar'}),
)

直接使用view函數

from django.conf.urls import patterns, url
from mysite.views import archive, about, contact

urlpatterns = patterns('',
    url(r'^archive/$', archive),
    url(r'^about/$', about),
    url(r'^contact/$', contact),
)

須要繼續研究： Reverse resolution of URLs

參考文獻： URL dispatcher