主要步驟
1. 在工程的pom文件中增加spring-test的依賴:
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency>
2. 使用springframework提供的單元測試
新建測試類,並在該類上加上兩個注解:
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @ContextConfiguration(locations={"classpath*:ApplicationContext.xml"})
@RunWith 大家並不陌生,junit4里用它來做junit加載器
@ContextConfiguration 主要用來加載spring的配置文件路徑:是一個字符串數組,可以加載多個spring配置文件
測試代碼如下:
1 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals; 2 3 import org.junit.Test; 4 import org.junit.runner.RunWith; 5 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; 6 import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; 7 import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration; 8 import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner; 9 10 @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) 11 @ContextConfiguration(locations = {"classpath:ApplicationContext.xml"}) 12 public class EmpolyeeTest { 13 @Autowired 14 ApplicationContext ctx; 15 16 @Test 17 public void testEmployee(){ 18 Employee employee =(Employee) ctx.getBean("employee"); 19 assertEquals("zhangsan",employee.getName()); 20 } 21 22 }
3. 封裝基於AbstractJUnit4SpringContextTests的測試基類
1 import org.junit.Test; 2 import org.junit.runner.RunWith; 3 import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; 4 import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration; 5 import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.AbstractJUnit4SpringContextTests; 6 import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner; 7 8 @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) 9 @ContextConfiguration(locations={"classpath*:ApplicationContext.xml"}) 10 public class SpringTest extends AbstractJUnit4SpringContextTests { 11 12 13 public <T> T getBean(Class<T> type){ 14 return applicationContext.getBean(type); 15 } 16 17 public Object getBean(String beanName){ 18 return applicationContext.getBean(beanName); 19 } 20 protected ApplicationContext getContext(){ 21 return applicationContext; 22 }
然后其他測試類只需要繼承該類即可,可以省去每次都要綁定Application對象。
4. 當項目變得復雜,其中的spring配置文件被拆分成了多個,這樣該如何引入多個配置文件呢?如下:
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @ContextConfiguration(locations = { "classpath*:spring-ctx-service.xml", "classpath*:spring-ctx-dao.xml" })
這樣就可以輕松的引入多個spring的配置文件了。或者配置符合某一個正則表達式的一類文件,如:
1 @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) 2 @ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath*:spring-ctx-*.xml")
